“胃不和”患者的气道反应性研究

目的探讨"胃不和"患者的气道反应性.方法动态观察受试者的食管pH和呼气流速峰值(PEF),并作组胺激发试验.结果"胃不和"患者的食管pH在进食前后和夜间低于对照组.当食管pH＜5.0时,1h后PEF也开始下降,两者成正相关(r=0.96).组胺激发试验阳性率为44.0%(22/50),但以轻度和最轻度为主.经中药治疗后,有80.0%的患者症状缓解,pH和PEF恢复至对照组水平,组胺激发试验阳性率降至8.0%(4/50).结论"胃不和"可引起气道反应性增高.     

胃食管反流病对不同反流物对食管粘膜的损伤作用

胃食管反流病 (Gastroesophageal reflux disease,GERD)是由于食管运动功能障碍 ,引起胃、肠 (主要为十二指肠 )内容物反流入食管 ,造成食管粘膜损害所致。GERD的反流物分胃内容物反流、十二指肠内容物反流 ,以及两者同时存在的混合反流。国外报道 ,单纯胆汁反流占 4% ,混合反流占 76%。 Vaezi MF等 [1 ,2 ] 对 3 0例 GERD患者、2 0例 Barrett' s食管患者和 2 0例正常对照者进行胆红素和 p H同步监测发现 ,大多数反流为胃内容物反流和十二指肠内容物反流的混合反流。国内也有人研究 [3 ] 发现 ,GERD患者中存在双重反流者明显多于单…     

胃食管反流性咳嗽患者诱导痰中肥大细胞相关介质的改变及其意义

目的探讨气道肥大细胞在胃食管反流性咳嗽（gastroesophageal reflux—related chronic cough,GERC）发生中的作用。方法选择GERC患者10例,对照组分别为无咳嗽胃食管反流病（gastroesophageal reflux disease,GERD）患者10例和正常健康志愿者10名。三组均接受咳嗽敏感性试验、肺功能和诱导痰细胞分析检查。比较三组间咳嗽敏感性、肺功能指标、诱导痰中炎症细胞总数和分类计数以及诱导痰上清液中肥大细胞类胰蛋白酶（mast cell tryptase,MCT）、组胺、前列腺素D2（prostaglandin D2,PGD2）、前列腺素E2（prostaglandin E2,PGE2）、嗜酸性粒细胞阳离子蛋白（eosinophil cationic protein,ECP）、白细胞介素-8（interleukin-8,IL-8）及P物质（substance P,SP）含量的差异。结果GERC组较无咳嗽GERD组反流症状轻,反流症状积分明显低于GERD组（P〈0．05）。GERC组咳嗽评分日间明显高于夜间（P〈0．05）,咳嗽阈值C2、C5明显低于无咳嗽GERD组和正常对照组（P〈0．05）。但肺通气功能指标如FEV,％、FVC％、FEV1／FVC和PEF％的差别均无统计学意义。GERC组诱导痰中细胞总数及细胞分类计数虽与无咳嗽GERD组和正常对照组相似,但诱导痰中MCT、SP和PGE2水平明显高于无咳嗽GERD组（P〈0．05）,而组胺、PGD2、ECP和IL-8三组间无明显差异。诱导痰中MCT和SP与辣椒素咳嗽阈值LogC5间存在显著负相关（MCT：r=-0．571,P〈0．01;SP：r=-0．569,P〈0．01）。结论GERC患者较GERD患者有更高的咳嗽敏感性,除气道神经肽外,肥大细胞在下气道的激活可能是GERC咳嗽的机制之一。     

奥美拉唑联合莫沙必利治疗以呼吸道症状为主要临床表现的胃食管反流病的临床效果

目的:观察奥美拉唑联合莫沙必利治疗以呼吸道症状为主要临床表现的胃食管反流病(GERD)的效果。方法:回顾性分析180例以呼吸道症状为主的GERD患者的临床资料,均予以奥美拉唑胶囊+枸橼酸莫沙必利片治疗。观察(1)治疗前、停药后3 d行24 h食管p H监测,统计食管远端、近端pH<4.0的时间占总监测时间的百分比;(2)采用GERD Q量表评价两组治疗前后的临床症状,并根据量表得分情况评价临床疗效;(3)观察反流性哮喘患者治疗前后咳喘发作次数、肺功能(FEV1、PEF)指标水平。结果:反流性咽喉炎患者的治疗总有效率为95.00%,患者食管近端、远端p H<4总时间百分率明显低于治疗前(P<0.05);反流性咳嗽患者治疗总有效率为96.87%,治疗后,患者食管近端、远端p H<4总时间百分率明显低于治疗前(P<0.05);反流性哮喘患者治疗总有效率为87.50%,治疗后咳喘发作次数明显减少,食管近端、远端p H<4总时间百分率较治疗前明显降低(P<0.05),FEV1、PEF水平较治疗前明显改善(P<0.05)。结论:给予以呼吸道症状为主要临床表现的胃食管反流病患者奥美拉唑联合莫沙必利治疗可获得显著的治疗效果。     

97例胃食管反流病的中医证型与酸反流的关系

目的 :研究胃食管反流病 (GastroesophagealRefluxDisease ,GERD)的中医证型与酸反流各项指标的关系 ,为本病辨证分型寻求特征性的客观指标。方法 :对 97例经 2 4小时食管pH值动态监测和胃镜检查确诊为GERD的患者进行中医辨证分型 ,再统计分析研究各证型与 2 4小时食管多项酸反流指标之间的关系。结果 :总反流次数在肝胃郁热型中高于肝胃不和、脾胃虚弱、痰气郁阻型 ,在胃热气逆型中高于脾胃虚弱、痰气郁阻型 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;总pH <4时间百分率和反流总分在肝胃郁热、肝胃不和、胃热气逆型中高于脾胃虚弱型 (P <0 .0 5 )。酸反流的症状指数≥ 5 0 %病例数的百分率在肝胃不和、肝胃郁热、胃热气逆型中显著高于其余各证型 (P <0 .0 1 )。酸反流体位分型为混合型的病例数的百分率在脾胃不和、痰气郁阻型中高于其余各证型 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :GERD的中医辨证分型与某些食管酸暴露参数之间存在明显关系     

以呼吸道症状为突出表现的胃食管反流病临床分析

目的探讨由胃食管反流引起的呼吸道表现,即胃食管气道反流(GEAR)的临床特点,分析易误诊原因,总结经验,提高诊疗水平。方法对45例以呼吸道症状为突出表现的胃食管反流病(GERD)患者进行回顾性分析。结果该组呼吸道症状主要表现为咳嗽、咯痰、咽部异物感、憋气及喘息等,曾被误诊为慢性支气管炎、慢性咽炎及哮喘等,均经胃镜检查和(或)食管24 h p H监测诊断为GERD,且所有病例均经奥美拉唑和莫沙必利治疗,大部分患者症状缓解。结论以呼吸系统症状为突出表现的GERD,往往无烧心、反酸、反胃的典型症状,因此临床上极易误诊,对于这类患者应予以足够重视。     

胃食管反流病时不同反流物对食管粘膜的损伤作用

胃食管反流病(Gastroesophageal reflux disease,GERD)是由于食管运动功能障碍,引起胃、肠(主要为十二指肠)内容物反流入食管,造成食管粘膜损害所致.GERD的反流物分胃内容物反流、十二指肠内容物反流,以及两者同时存在的混合反流.国外报道,单纯胆汁反流占4%,混合反流占76%.Vaezi MF等[1,2]对30例GERD患者、20例Barrett's食管患者和20例正常对照者进行胆红素和pH同步监测发现,大多数反流为胃内容物反流和十二指肠内容物反流的混合反流.国内也有人研究[3]发现,GERD患者中存在双重反流者明显多于单纯反流(酸反流或碱反流).以上事实说明,GERD的发病可能是:胃液或十二指肠液单独或共同作用的结果.胃内容物主要为胃酸、胃蛋白酶.十二指肠内容物主要为胆汁、胰酶和磷脂.这些反流物在GERD及其并发症发生发展过程中单独或共同对食管粘膜造成损害.     

西沙必利促进胃食管反流疾病患者胃液体排空

1　对象和方法1.1　对象　胃食管反流疾病 (gastroesophageal reflux dis-ease,GERD)患者 16 (男 7,女 9)例 ,平均年龄 (36± 5 )岁 ,平均病程 (2 .1± 0 .4) a.病例选择标准 :1具有 GERD典型症状 (胸骨后烧灼感或 (和 )酸反流 ) ;2无典型症状者 ,2 4h食管内 p H测定提示病理性酸反流 ;3病程超过 4wk;4无肝胆胰异常 ,无消化性溃疡 ;5除外贲门失驰缓症、糖尿病、结缔组织疾病、肠道易激综合征 ;6无腹部手术史 .所有患者均进行胃镜检查 ,食管炎 0级 3例 ,I级 6例 ,II级 4例 ,III级 2例 ,IV级 1例 . 7例患者行 2 4h食管内 p H监测 ,均…     

胃食管反流病的检查要点

胃食管反流病(gastroesophageal reflux disease,GERD)患者的反流物(腐蚀性、刺激性和免疫反应性)不但可到达食管,还可进一步到达口腔、气道等相连的反流通道,继而引起相应部位症状、并发症乃至终末器官效应。GERD的典型症状如反酸、烧心等通常容易识别和治疗,但仍有约30%的患者症状顽固且药物治疗效果不佳。另外,GERD的不典型症状或食管外症状如慢性咽炎、咳嗽、哮喘、胸痛等危害性大,亦非常常见,但人们往往不会把这些症状与来源于胃肠道的胃食管反流这个病因相联系,而容易导致GERD的漏诊。故对于这类患者需要全面的GERD评估和检查以进一步确诊,有助于指导GERD的后续精准治疗。而熟练掌握PPI实验、胃镜、喉镜、造影、反流监测、高分辨率测压和胃蛋白酶检测等则是确立GERD诊断的关键。     

以呼吸系统症状为主要表现的胃食管反流病

目的 :为了探讨胃食管反流病 (GERD)患者的呼吸系统症状与胃食管反流的关系。方法 :对 18例以呼吸系统症状为主要表现的GERD患者进行了食管测压和 2 4h食管pH值监测 ,并分析它们与症状的关系。另以92例呼吸系统症状的GERD患者作为对照。结果 :以呼吸系统症状为主要表现的GERD患者食管 2 4hpH监测的各项指标均高于无呼吸系统症状的GERD患者 (P <0 .0 1,0 .0 5 ) ;以呼吸系统症状为主要表现的GERD患者反流类型以卧位型为主 ,而无呼吸系统症状的GERD患者以立位型为主。以呼吸系统症状为主要表现的GERD患者咳嗽和哮喘与酸反流的症状指数均很高 ,分别为 85 .5± 14 .1(98.3～ 5 5 .4 )和 82 .0 2± 11.88(92 .9～ 5 6 .5 ) ,提示症状与酸反流密切相关。两组患者食管测压各项指标无显著差异。结论 :以呼吸系统症状为主要表现的GERD患者酸反流比普通GERD患者重 ,并且患者可以呼吸系统症状为唯一临床表现 ,而无食管症状 ,因此临床上极易误诊 ,我们在临床诊疗中要对这类患者给予高度重视。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Development on Adjustable Calibration Marker for Shock Wave Focus

Shock wave lithotripsy （SWL） is a treatment of choice for upper urinary stones. However, this procedure is inappropriate for obese patients because the focus is often unable to reach the target owing to the limited focal distance in shock wave source. Although treating such patients in a blast path may increase the application length of shock wave source, it＇s difficult to find this path on the lithotripter monitor. For this reason, we invented an adjustable calibration marker in order to set an effective focus in the shock wave hath.     

Study on the TCM Pathogenesis of Angiopathic Complications of Type II Diabetes

Excess production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)of mitochondrion mediated by hyperglycemia is the common pathogenesis of angiopathic complications of diabetes.TCM holds that the damp from the dysfunction of spleen.kidney and liver is the causative factor of complications of diabetes.This is similar to the mechanism of Ros resulting in angiopathic complications of diabetes.When the angiopathic complications of type II diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are difierentiated as caused by turbid damp in TCM can be explained as ROS.Since the obstruction of pathogenic damp in channels and collaterals is said to be the main pathogenesis,the treating principle should be dissolving the damp to remove the obstruction.     

Leptin, Ghrelin and TNF-α before and after Hypo-caloric Traditional Chinese Diet and Auricular Acupuncture

INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex emergent problem, which can be possibly solved not only by the diet but also by the life style and promotion of a constant physical exercise. 1, 2 No doubt careful attentions must be given to the nutritional condition of obese people, the dietary habits, the somatic build (i.e. distribution of fat mass) and the organic functions linked to formation of the fat mass. All the parameters should be constantly monitored before, during and after a diet treatment. 3, 4, 5     

Relationship between Dysglycemia and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Tibetan Population

People with dysglycemia are at high risk for atherosclerotic diseases. This study aims at investigating the atherosclerotic vascular damage in dysglycemia and its metabolic origin in Tibetan population.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

Luo Lingjie's Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Dr.Zhang Ren's Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.