荧光光谱法测定家兔中丹参素血浓度及其药物动力学参数

本文报道血样经醋酸乙脂提取、分离丹参素后,用荧光光谱法加以测定。丹参素醋酸乙脂液激发光谱与荧光发射光谱峰的波长各为λ_(Εχ)285nm,λ_(Εχ)314nm;浓度在1.0～9.0×10~(-6)g/ml,范围与荧光强度呈线性关系;溶液的荧光强度稳定。由本法测得血浆中的丹参素回收率平均为76.47士2.427％(CV=3.174％,n=20);血药浓度-时间(1gc-t)曲线表明,丹参素的药物动力学为单室模型,其消除速率常数和生物半衰期为:Kel=0.04561士0.0141(min~(-1));t(1/2)=16.58士5.768(min)。     

荧光光谱法测定家兔血浆中阿霉素浓度

作者设计了测定家兔血浆中间霉素浓度的荧光光谱法,并测定了静脉一次给药后家兔体内阿霉素的药代动力学参数。分析步骤:在含不同量阿霉素的家兔血浆中加入饱和NaHCO_3溶液及正丁醇,振摇、离心后取上清液测荧光强度(λ_ex484nm,λ_em591nm)。实验结果表明:阿霉素投入量(4～10~3ng)与测得的荧光强度间线性关系良好,阿霉素在家兔体内过程符合药代动力学开放型两室模型,血药浓度-时间曲线方程为 C(ng/ml)=2.9840e~(-0.1792t(min))+0.04347e~(-0.001798t(min))本法灵敏度高,线性范围大,专属性好,操作简便,可提供临床作阿霉素血药浓度监测之用。     

高效液相色谱法测定正常人普罗帕酮血浓度及药动学参数

作者建立了测定普罗帕酮(propafenone,PF)的反相高效液相色谱方法。固定相为日立GEL 3056(ODS)。流动相为甲醇:醋酸钠缓冲液:水(70:15:15,v/v),并用二乙胺调至0.0584mol/L作为改性剂。流速为1ml/min。选择丁卡因作为内标准品。紫外检测波长250 nm。血浆中PF氢氧化钠碱化,用含2％(v/v)异戊醇的正庚烷溶液提取,再用0.3mol/L磷酸溶液回提直接进样。检测限10ng,血浆最低检测浓度40 ng/ml。方法的绝对回收率为88.82+6.39％,日内与日间的变异系数CV小于10％。在50～1600 ng/ml浓度范围内线性良好,相关系数r=0.9993。用本方法测定5名健康志愿者单剂量口服PF 300mg药动学参数的均值为:t_(1/2)(k_a)=0.40±0.15h;t_(1/2)(k)=2.81±0.52h;T_(max)=1.88±0.47h;C_(max)=631.67±453.13 ng/ml;AUC=3843.66±3032.80ng·h~(-1)·ml~(-1)。     

高效液相色谱法同时测定双五胶囊中4种有效成分的含量

目的建立同时测定双五胶囊中紫丁香苷、五味子醇甲、五味子甲素、五味子乙素含量的方法。方法HPLC法,采用Diamonsil C18柱(200mm×4.6mm,5μm),流动相为A:甲醇-乙腈(1∶1),B:水,梯度洗脱,0～5min,35%～60%A;5～10min,60%～70%A;10～50min,70%～90%A;50～90min,90%A。流速为1ml/min,柱温:35℃,检测波长220nm。结果紫丁香苷、五味子醇甲、五味子甲素、五味子乙素浓度分别在1.28～20.40μg/ml(r=0.9997)、6.30～100.80μg/ml(r=0.9996)、1.20～19.20μg/ml(r=0.9998)和3.75～60.00μg/ml(r=0.9996)范围内呈良好的线性关系。4种成分精密度实验RSD<1%。24h内稳定性RSD<1.5%。紫丁香苷、五味子醇甲、五味子甲素、五味子乙素的平均加样回收率分别为99.47%、102.50%、99.21%、101.86%。结论所建立的方法具有快速、简便、准确等优点,可用于双五胶囊的质量控制。     

用高效液相色谱法研究阿糖胞苷在家兔中的药代动力学

我们建立用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定血浆中阿糖胞苷(Ara-C)浓度的方法。Ara-C血浆浓度在1～10μg/ml范围内为直线相关,r=0.9994。方法回收率为96.67％。最低检测限为5ng;血浆中最低检测浓度为200ng/ml。5只家兔,每只静脉注射Ara-C 5mg-剂量,用本文的HPLC方法测定其血浆浓度,所得药代动力学参数平均值为:K=0.7611 h~(-1),t_(1/2)=0.9324h,Vd=2.935L/kg,Cl=2.246L/(h·kg)。其结果符合单室模型,对本法的优点作了讨论。     

导数光谱法对兔体内安眠酮药物的药动学研究

利用一阶导数紫外分光光度法测定兔体内安眠酮血药浓度,在0.1～0.5μg/ml浓度范围内,239nm附近的峰-谷间半振幅与浓度呈线性关系,H=0.003621+0.07990C,r=0.9997。回收率为83.4％±1.9～97.0％±1.5(加入量为5.00～0.50μg/ml)。4只家兔一次口服安眠酮30mg/kg,测定安眠酮血药浓度,得到血药浓度——时间曲线呈二室模型。药动学参数为a=1.01h-1,β=0.22h-1;Ka=2.16h-1;K12=0.201h-1;K21=0.721h-1;Kel=0.301h-1;t1/g(a)=0.686h;t1/2(β)=3.13h;tp=1.07h;Cmax=16.44μg/ml;AUC=81.25h·mg/L。     

紫外分光光度法测定人血清中甲硝哒唑的研究

本文采用氯仿萃取血清中甲硝哒唑,自氯仿中转溶于0.1N Hcl中,于277nm外测定吸收值;当甲硝哒唑浓度在2～50μg间,有良好的线性关系(r=0.9999,n=7),家兔50mg/kg一次灌胃,测得t_峰=1.5小时,C_(Max)=8μg/ml;患者口服0.4g,t.i.d稳态后,晨间C_(Min)=12.14±3.14μg/ml,C_(Max)=27μg/ml。     

原子吸收分光光度法测定家兔口服碳酸锂的血药浓度和药物动力学参数

采用国产原子吸收分光光度计测定血液中的锂浓度,在0.05～1.50μg/ml浓度范围内吸收度和浓度呈线性,A=0.008+0.289Liμg/ml,γ=0.998,回收率测定为94.0±1.6～97.3±2.3％(加入量为0.25～0.50μg/ml):五只家兔一次口服碳酸锂12mg/kg定时取血测定锂浓度,得到的时间—药浓曲线呈显典型的二室模型,动力学参数为α=0.43h~(-1),β=0.038h~(-1),k_a=2.12h~(-1),t 1/2α=1.60h,t 1/2 β=18.1h,t(?)=1.2h,C_(max)=0.29mmol/L     

HPLC法测定头孢羟氨苄甲氧苄啶片中头孢羟氨苄和甲氧苄啶的含量

目的:建立一种头孢羟氨苄甲氧苄啶片中头孢羟氨苄和甲氧苄啶的含量测定方法。方法:采用ODS色谱柱(150mm×4.6mm,5μm),以0.01mol/L氯化铵溶液甲醇冰醋酸(741∶258∶1)为流动相,检测波长为230nm,柱温为室温。结果:本方法头孢羟氨苄与甲氧苄啶可充分分离,头孢羟氨苄和甲氧苄啶线性范围分别为12.5～150μg/ml(r=0.9999)和2.5～30μg/ml(r=0.9998),头孢羟氨苄含量回收率为99.44%～100.59%,RSD小于1%;甲氧苄啶含量回收率为98.15%～100.34%,RSD小于2%。结论:本方法简便、灵敏、准确,可同时测定头孢羟氨苄和甲氧苄啶的含量。     

HPLC法测定MDS患者口服环孢素A胶囊的血药浓度

目的 :建立反相高效液相色谱法测定环孢素A (CsA)血药浓度。方法 :色谱柱 :Kromasil C18(5 μm ,4 6mm× 2 5 0mm) ,流动相 :乙腈 -水 (80∶2 0 ) ,流速 :1 4ml/min ,柱温 :70℃ ,波长 :2 15nm。结果 :全血最低检测浓度为 10ng/ml,CsA血药浓度在 4 6～ 14 72ng/ml范围内与峰面积有良好的线性关系 ,平均回收率 (95 16± 3 87) % ,日内CV≤ 6 8% ,日间CV≤9 6 % (n =5 )。结论 :方法简便、快速、准确 ,可用于CsA的药代动力学研究。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Development on Adjustable Calibration Marker for Shock Wave Focus

Shock wave lithotripsy （SWL） is a treatment of choice for upper urinary stones. However, this procedure is inappropriate for obese patients because the focus is often unable to reach the target owing to the limited focal distance in shock wave source. Although treating such patients in a blast path may increase the application length of shock wave source, it＇s difficult to find this path on the lithotripter monitor. For this reason, we invented an adjustable calibration marker in order to set an effective focus in the shock wave hath.     

Study on the TCM Pathogenesis of Angiopathic Complications of Type II Diabetes

Excess production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)of mitochondrion mediated by hyperglycemia is the common pathogenesis of angiopathic complications of diabetes.TCM holds that the damp from the dysfunction of spleen.kidney and liver is the causative factor of complications of diabetes.This is similar to the mechanism of Ros resulting in angiopathic complications of diabetes.When the angiopathic complications of type II diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are difierentiated as caused by turbid damp in TCM can be explained as ROS.Since the obstruction of pathogenic damp in channels and collaterals is said to be the main pathogenesis,the treating principle should be dissolving the damp to remove the obstruction.     

Leptin, Ghrelin and TNF-α before and after Hypo-caloric Traditional Chinese Diet and Auricular Acupuncture

INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex emergent problem, which can be possibly solved not only by the diet but also by the life style and promotion of a constant physical exercise. 1, 2 No doubt careful attentions must be given to the nutritional condition of obese people, the dietary habits, the somatic build (i.e. distribution of fat mass) and the organic functions linked to formation of the fat mass. All the parameters should be constantly monitored before, during and after a diet treatment. 3, 4, 5     

Relationship between Dysglycemia and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Tibetan Population

People with dysglycemia are at high risk for atherosclerotic diseases. This study aims at investigating the atherosclerotic vascular damage in dysglycemia and its metabolic origin in Tibetan population.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

Luo Lingjie's Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Dr.Zhang Ren's Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.