利用ReviewManager 4.2软件实现诊断性试验Meta分析的探讨

介绍利用ReviewManager4．2软件对诊断性试验进行Meta分析的方法。结合实例介绍如何整理诊断性实验数据并按二分类数据录入ReviewManager4．2中进行分析，得出诊断性试验的汇总阳性似然比、阴性似然比及汇总诊断比值比，并进一步推算出汇总敏感度和特异度。     

应用R软件HSROC程序包联合RevMan 5软件实现诊断准确性试验Meta分析

目的 介绍R软件HSROC程序包联合RevMan 5软件实现基于HSROC模型的诊断准确性试验Meta分析.方法 通过对实例中的数据采用R软件HSROC程序包来拟合HSROC模型,采用RevMan 5软件进行Meta分析.结果 通过R软件HSROC程序包联合RevMan 5软件能够进行相关统计学计算及HSROC曲线的绘制,制作完整的诊断准确性试验Meta分析.结论 R软件HSROC程序包联合RevMan 5软件可以作为系统评价制作者处理诊断准确性试验Meta分析的一种方法,可以弥补其他软件的不足之处.     

R 语言meta包在Meta分析中的应用

目的介绍一般Meta分析方法在R语言meta包上的实现。方法以实例说明了R语言中meta包的使用方法,并将其与STATA和RevMan作比较。结果通过R语言的meta包分析,从中可得到Meta分析固定效应模型与随机效应模型下的合并效应值、森林图和漏斗图,还可做影响性分析等。结论R语言Meta分析的能力十分强大、使用简便,它与STATA的功能基本一致,其有些模块的操作要比STATA简单,而且它是一个完全免费的软件。     

Stata在Meta分析中的应用

Stata是一个功能强大而又小巧玲珑的统计分析软件，其Meta分析功能十分全面。本文结合3个实例介绍了Stata软件对二分类变量、连续性变量和生存分析等所涉及的Stata命令及输出结果。和Review Manager相比．Stata可更个性化、更高效专业地完成Meta分析，且更易于为高影响力杂志所认同。     

无对照二分类资料的Meta分析方法及Stata实现

目的介绍无对照二分类资料Meta分析方法及在Stata软件中的操作步骤。方法首先介绍3种数据类型无对照二分类资料Meta分析的原理及方法,再用Stata软件对3个实例数据进行Meta分析。结果无对照二分类资料Meta分析的关键是选择服从正态分布或可转化为正态分布的指标。3个实例数据经正态转换后进行Meta分析,结果与原文一致。结论Stata软件可实现无对照二分类资料（含患病率、发病密度和比值）的Meta分析,操作简单,实用性强。     

Review Manager 5软件在诊断准确性试验的Meta分析中的应用

Review Manager(RevMan)5软件中增加了诊断准确性试验(DTA)的Meta分析的功能,然而软件所提供的使用手册中并未介绍如何使用这一功能。本文结合实例介绍利用RevMan 5软件行DTA的Meta分析的方法;同时结合实例介绍如何整理DTA的数据并按二分类数据录入RevMan 5.2中,得出DTA的Meta分析的阳性似然比、阴性似然比和诊断比值比这三个指标的汇总结果。     

应用GeMTC软件实现网状Meta分析

网状Meta分析亦称为混合比较Meta分析,GeMTC软件是首款基于贝叶斯框架下MCMC法设计的制作网状Meta分析的专用非编程软件。该软件具有操作简洁、使用方便、结果准确性高及图形绘制方便等特点。该软件可以通过一致性模型、非一致性模型和节点分裂模型实现网状Meta分析;同时,该软件亦可实现传统的头对头比较的Meta分析。     

连接酶链反应检测沙眼衣原体的准确性Meta分析

目的评价连接酶链反应技术与培养法诊断沙眼衣原体的准确性。方法计算机检索PubMed、EMBASE、Cochrane图书馆、中国生物医学文献数据库、中周期刊全文数据库和万方数据库等,收集连接酶链反应诊断沙眼衣原体的试验研究．依据QUADAS质量评价标准评价纳入研究的质量,采用MetaAnalyst软件进行Meta分析。结果共纳入22个研究,共16073例受试者。Meta分析结果显示：与诊断沙眼衣原体感染的“金标准”细胞培养相比,连接酶链反应诊断沙眼衣原体感染的合并敏感度、特异度、阳性似然比、阴性似然比、诊断比值比和综合受试者T作特征曲线下面积分别为0．934（95％可信区间0．891～0．961）、0．983（95％可信区间0．972～0．990）、52．88（95％可信区间32．297～86．583）、0．069（95％可信区间0．043～0．110）,1234．549（95％可信区间545．900～2791．925）和0．986。结论连接酶链反应可作为确诊沙眼衣原体感染的一项新技术,在检测沙眼衣原体感染中有着重要意义。     

R软件metamisc程序包在Meta分析中的应用

R是当前国际最受欢迎的软件之一,在Meta分析方面应用广泛且功能强大。metamisc程序包是Thomas Debray等基于经典统计学方法研发的用于实现诊断准确性资料Meta分析的程序包,该程序包具备实现汇总敏感度和特异度、亚组分析、回归分析等功能。本文结合实例对R软件metamisc程序包实现诊断准确性数据Meta分析的方法进行详细介绍。     

组织多肽特异性抗原对小细胞肺癌诊断价值的Meta分析

目的通过Meta分析评估血清组织多肽特异性抗原（tissuepolypepfidespecificantigen,TPS）对小细胞肺癌（smalleell1ungcancer,SCLC）的诊断价值。方法收集已公开发表的有关TPS诊断SCLC的文献,通过纳入及排除标准获取文献并提取数据,采用MetaDisc1。4软件对数据进行Meta分析。结果Meta结果示血清TPS诊断小细胞肺癌的敏感度（sensitivity）0．66（95％CJ为0．62～O．69）、特异度（specificity）0．84（95％CI为0．82～O．86）、诊断比值比（diagnosticoddsratio,DOR）7．55（95％CI为6．00～9．50）、综合受试者工作特征（thesummaryreceiveoperatingcharac—teristic,SROC）曲线下面积（AUC）0．80,Q指数为0．73。结论血清TPS对小细胞肺癌有一定诊断价值,可提高小细胞肺癌诊断准确度,但需要更多高质量、大样本、多中心的研究加以验证。     

Evaluation of diuretic and laxative activity of hydro-alcoholic extract of Desmostachya bipinnata （L,） Stapf in rats

OBJECTIVE： In continuation to the growing evidence for therapeutical potential of Desmostachya bipinnata （Linn） Stapf, the current pharmacological study was carried out to evaluate the diuretic and laxative activity of its hydro-alcoholic extract in rats. METHODS： The hydro-alcoholic extract of D. bipinnata whole plant was prepared by using Sox- hlet extractor and subjected to analysis by standard preliminary phytochemical tests. Evaluation of both diuretic and laxative activity was carried out using standard methods as reported earlier. Frusemide （20 mg/kg） was served as positive control for diuretic activity and sennosides （10 mg/kg） served as negative control for laxative activity. RESULTS： The hydro-alcoholic extract showed significant diuretic activity and was found to be the most potent in increasing the urinary output at 500 mg/kg when the effect was compared with that of the standard frusemide （P〈0.01）. Moreover, this extract was found to be most effective in increasing urinary electrolyte concentration （Na＋, K＋, and Cl-） at both doses tested. Whereas the results for laxative activity showed minimal increase of feces output at the dose of 500 mg/kg and the increase was negligible when compared with that of the standard drug sennosides. CONCLUSION： Altogether, the above significant findings validate and support its folkloric diuretic use and lend pharmacological credence to the ethno-medical use of this plant in traditional system of medicine, which demands further studies to investigate its active constituents, as well as its use and safety.     

New Mechanism of Herb-herb Interaction between Ginseng and Trogopterus Based on CYPs in Rat Livers

The study was designed to investigate the potential mechanism of herb-herb interaction between ginseng and Trogopterus （Trg） based on Cytochrome P450 isozymes （CYPs） in rat livers. We estimated the influence on CYP1A2, CYP2E1, and CYP3A1/2 activity caused by ginseng and Trg used in combination. The CYP1A2 and CYP2E1 enzyme activity were induced by ginseng and Trg used in combination. And this induction effect was caused via inducing CYP1A2 and CYP2E1 protein expression which was supposed caused by inducing the gene expression of CYP1A2 and CYP2E1.     

表皮生长因子受体酪氨酸激酶抑制剂在非小细胞肺癌应用的瓶颈——获得性耐药

以表皮生长因子受体酪氨酸激酶抑制剂（epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor，EGFR-TKI）分子靶向治疗研究为肇始，转化性研究使基础实验和临床实践间的鸿沟迅速填平，改变着人们认识治疗肺癌的视角。无可否认，EGFR-TKI上市后极大地延伸了肿瘤学家治疗肺癌的手段，但不管从临床经验、临床研究数据、分子生物学层面还是文献计量学的角度，     

益智健脑颗粒联合针灸对阿尔茨海默病大鼠学习记忆的影响

目的观察益智健脑颗粒联合针灸对阿尔茨海默病（Alzheimers disease,AD）大鼠学习记忆的影响。方法将大鼠随机分为假手术组（A组）、模型组（B组）、针灸组（C组）、益智＋针灸组（D组）各10只,B、C、D 3组分别以海马CA1区注射β淀粉样蛋白25-35（Aβ25-35）造模,A组注射等量的双蒸水,各组分别治疗20 d后行Morris水迷宫试验,观察大鼠学习记忆能力变化。结果B组较A组的平均潜伏期明显延长,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;与B组比较,C组、D组的平均潜伏期明显缩短,过台次数增多,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05,P〈0.01）;与C组比较,D组的潜伏期缩短,过台次数增多,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论益智健脑颗粒联合针灸能够提高Aβ25-35介导的AD模型大鼠的学习记忆能力。     

The Targeted Pro-apoptotic Effect of scFv-mediated Delivery of Caspase-6 on HER2-positive Osteosarcoma Cells

Objective To investigate the pro-apoptotic effect of scFv-mediated delivery of caspase-6 fusion protein on osteosarcoma E 10 cells. Methods The expression of human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 （Her-2） in osteosarcoma cell line E10 was examined by flow cytometry analysis. ScFv-mediated delivery of caspase-6 was generated by sequential fusion of the genes of a signal peptide, a single-chain Her-2 antibody （e23sFv）, a PEA translocation domain （PEA aa253-264）, and an recombinant caspase-6. The pCMV-immunocaspase-6 was produced by cloning above mentioned fusion genes into pCMV plasmid, and then pCMV-immunocaspase-6 plasmid mixed cationic liposome was transfected into E10 cells. The expression of fusion gene on transfected E10 cells was detected by immunocytochemical staining, The pro-apoptotic effects of fusion gene expression on morphology and growth status of E10 cells were observed by trypan blue cell staining, electron microscopy and MTT assay. Results The fusion protein was detected in the cytoplasm of the transfected E10 cells. These cells presented typical characteristics of apoptosis as detected by electron microscopy. MTT assay revealed that the proliferation of transfected E10 cells was suppressed than that of non- or mock-transfected cells （P〈0.01）. Conclusion ScFv-mediated delivery of caspase-6 fusion protein can induce apoptosis of Her-2 positive osteosarcoma E10 cells, suggesting the potential of this strategy for the treatment of human high-grade osteosarcoma.     

Effects of tacrolimus and cyclosporine treatment on metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular risk factors after renal transplantation: a meta-analysis

Background The therapeutic success of renal transplantation has been largely attributable to the development of effective and balanced immunosuppressive treatment regimens.This study provides a meta-analysis of a series of randomized controlled trials that compared the effects of tacrolimus and cyclosporine on metabolic syndrome （MetS） and cardiovascular risk factors after renal transplantation.Methods We searched various electronic databases and bibliographies,including MEDLINE,the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials,and EMBASE,for relevant studies published prior to October 2012.Results Our meta-analysis included five randomized controlled trials that examined a total of 923 patients.The tacrolimus group and the cyclosporine group exhibited no significant differences in MetS incidence after renal transplantation; risk ratio （RR）：1.06,95％ confidence interval （C/）：0.73-1.55,P=0.76.Cyclosporine treatment was associated with a higher incidence of hyperlipidemia （RR：0.50,95％ CI：0.39-0.64,P ＜0.01）.Although there were no statistically significant differences,cyclosporine treatment was associated with a higher incidence of hypertension （RR：0.91,95％ CI：0.83-1.00,P=0.06） after renal transplantation compared to tacrolimus treatment,and tacrolimus treatment was associated with a higher incidence of diabetes after renal transplantation （RR：1.79,95％ CI：0.98-3.27,P=0.06） compared to cyclosporine treatment.Conclusions Compared to tacrolimus treatment,cyclosporine treatment was associated with a higher incidence of hyperlipidemia.Future large-scale studies are expected to be conducted to further confirm our findings.     

WHO西太区与“世界中医药学会联合会”中医名词术语国际标准比较研究：阴阳学说部分

《WHO西太区传统医学国际标准名词术语》中收录有关阴阳学说及其相关概念的术语有16条，“世界中医药学会联合会”（以下简称世中联）标准《中医基本名词术语中英对照国际标准》中收录了39条，其翻译基本与现行译法一致，如将“阴中之阴”译作yin within yin，将“阴阳对立”译作opposition of yin and yang，将“阴阳平衡”译作yin—yang balance等等。但也有一些有别于通行译法的翻译．如将“阴阳互根”译作mutual rooting of yin and yang，将“阴阳转化”译作yin-yang conversion等。这些译法基本上反映了某些西方译者的思路与方法。     

Quercetin suppresses HeLa cells by blocking PI3K/Akt pathway

To explore the effect of quercetin on the proliferation and apoptosis of HeLa cells, HeLa cells were incubated with quercetin at different concentrations. Cell viability was evaluated by MTT assay, cell apoptosis was detected by Annexin- V/PI double labeled cytometry and DNA ladder assay. Cell cycle was flow cytometrically determined and the morphological changes of the cells were ob- served under a fluorescence microscope after Hoechst 33258 staining and the apoptosis-related pro- teins in the HeLa cells were assessed by Western blotting. The results showed that quercetin signifi- cantly inhibited the growth of HeLa cells and induced obvious apoptosis in vitro in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Moreover, quercetin induced apoptosis of HeLa cells in cell cycle-dependent manner because quercetin could induce arrest of HeLa cells at G0/G1 phase. Quercetin treatment down-regulated the expression of the PI3K and p-Akt. In addition, quercetin could down-regulate ex- pression of bcl-2, up-regulate Bax, but exerted no effect on the overall expression of Akt. We are led to conclude that quercetin induces apoptosis via PI3k/Akt pathways, and quercetin has potential to be used as an anti-tumor agent against human cervix oancer.     

慢性肾炎患者的自我调护

慢性肾炎是一种需长期治疗和调养的疾病,良好的自我调护对疾病的治疗和康复有重要意义。这里所谓的调护有环境、情志、饮食和自我护理。1环境房间要定时开窗通风,避免烟雾、尘土等污染空气,以保证房间内空气新鲜。居住房间一般室温为18℃~20℃,湿度为40%~60%,过高或过低的温湿度会让患者有不舒适感或引起感冒,感冒和其他不适感又可能加重患者病情。冬天可采用在地面洒水、用湿毛巾搭在暖气上等方式来增加房间湿度;夏天使用空调时温度调得过低,室内外温差过大,电风扇直接对着患者吹,这些不适当的调节室温的方法极易造成患者感冒而使病情加重;冬天,患者住的房间最好选择在自然光线充足的向阳面,因自然光有杀菌作用,又比较温暖,但光线不宜直接照射到患者的眼部,以免刺激患者眼睛。2情志从中医学理论分析,当一个人的情志失调时,容易伤肝。肝的特性,性喜条达而恶抑郁,若忧虑过度,则肝气郁结,疏汇不利,甚至横逆犯胃,致气机阻滞,或肝气久郁化火,损及肾阴,肝炎郁于下焦,影响膀胱气化功能,使病症缠绵难愈。有些患者得了肾病,情绪波动很大,由于疾病的困扰和家庭、社会地位的变化,常常抑郁寡言,整天愁眉苦脸,不积极配合治疗,增加了治疗难度;还有一部分患者得了肾...     

UniPron is A Fully Effective Non-hormonal Reversible Contraceptive in Baboon Model （Papio Anubis）

Objective To determine the safety and efficacy of UniPron as a reversible contraceptive.
Methods Vaginal swabs were obtained before and after UniPron administration, cultured onto appropriate culture media and bacteria identification was done based on type of media used, Gram stain reactions, colony morphology and biochemical tests. Vaginal biopsy tissues were processed using paraffin wax method, stained with hematoxylin and eosin and examined under light microscopy to determine the effect of the product on vaginal tissues. The effect of UniPron on sperm was examined by mixing the product with electroejaculated spermatozoa in vitro at different concentrations. For efficacy studies, male baboons of proven fertility were mated with UniPron treated or untreated females of proven fertility during the fertile stages.
Results All the five females （100%） that were treated with UniPron did not conceive and they regained total fertility when the treatment was stopped while all the controls conceived. At a concentration of 40%, UniPron completely immobilized spermatozoa in an in-vitro system. UniPron mechanism of action was by lowering the vaginal pH and on application in baboon, the pH was lowered for at least 3 h after which it went back to normal.
Conclusions As we plan for a study to test UniPron as a microbicide to prevent STIs including HIV, our current study has established that this novel product is effective in contraception and harmless to vaginal tissues and vaginal microbial flora in a baboon model （Papio anubis）.