Coronary heart disease: incidence, risk factors and interventions in Jiaozhou of Shandong province

Background Coronary heart disease （CHD） is the most common type of heart disease and cause of heart attacks.This study investigated the epidemiological characteristics of CHD and its risk factors in Jiaozhou,Shandong province,to ultimately find a way of reducing the prevalence of cardiovascular disease,and to provide a theoretical basis for establishing a cardiovascular disease management path under the regional medical collaborative mechanism.Methods A questionnaire survey was performed including 1 952 people aged 35 years or older who were questioned by means of stratified,cluster,proportional sampling to investigate the prevalence of CHD and its risk factors.The data were inputted into SPSS11.0 statistical software for processing and analysis.We advised the local medical institutions to establish health files for the residents with CHD and risk factors.They were followed up regularly.Their risk factors and life-style were monitored,and advice was given as to proper medications.Green channels were established,and the patients were transmitted in a timely manner to superior hospitals for better treatment if the necessary treatments were not available in the local hospitals.The control of risk factors was observed after the follow-up for half a year.Results In Jiaozhou,the rates of coronary artery disease,hypertension,diabetes,hyperlipidemia and overweight were 8.15％,28.54％,11.43％,35.46％,and 18.70％ respectively.The rates of hypertension,diabetes,hyperlipidemia and overweight were higher than the data published in ＂The report of Chinese cardiovascular disease 2012＂; which are 24％,9.7％,18.6％,and 9.7％,respectively.The control of risk factors improved significantly after the guidance of the residents lifestyle and medication for six months.Conclusions The high prevalence of coronary artery disease in Jiaozhou is closely related to age,gender,diet structure,family history of cardiovascular disease,hypertension,diabetes,hyperlipidemia,overweight,and unhealthy lifestyle.Under the regional medic     

益智健脑颗粒联合针灸对阿尔茨海默病大鼠学习记忆的影响

目的观察益智健脑颗粒联合针灸对阿尔茨海默病（Alzheimers disease,AD）大鼠学习记忆的影响。方法将大鼠随机分为假手术组（A组）、模型组（B组）、针灸组（C组）、益智＋针灸组（D组）各10只,B、C、D 3组分别以海马CA1区注射β淀粉样蛋白25-35（Aβ25-35）造模,A组注射等量的双蒸水,各组分别治疗20 d后行Morris水迷宫试验,观察大鼠学习记忆能力变化。结果B组较A组的平均潜伏期明显延长,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;与B组比较,C组、D组的平均潜伏期明显缩短,过台次数增多,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05,P〈0.01）;与C组比较,D组的潜伏期缩短,过台次数增多,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论益智健脑颗粒联合针灸能够提高Aβ25-35介导的AD模型大鼠的学习记忆能力。     

Maternal periodontal disease and risk of preeclampsia: A meta-analysis

Research on the association between maternal periodontal disease and the risk of pree- clampsia has generated inconsistent results. This meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the asso- ciation between maternal periodontal disease and the risk of preeclampsia. A literature search of PubMed and Embase was performed to identify relevant papers published before March 2013. Only observational studies that assessed maternal periodontal disease and the risk of preeclampsia were selected. Patients＇ periodontal status was examined at different time points during pregnancy or after delivery （at 14-32 weeks of gestation, within 48 h prior to or within 5 days after delivery）. Pooled odds ratios （ORs） and corresponding 95% confidence intervals （CIs） were calculated for cases and controls. Cases were defined as women with concurrent hypertension and proteinuria after 20 weeks of gestation. Eleven studies involving 1118 women with preeclampsia and 2798 women without preeclampsia were identified and analyzed. Women with periodontal disease before 32 weeks of ges- tation had a 3.69-fold higher risk of developing preeclampsia than their counterparts without perio- dontal disease （OR=3.69; 95% CI=2.58-5.27）. Periodontal disease within 48 h prior to delivery was associated with a 2.68-fold higher risk of preeclampsia （OR=2.68; 95% CI=1.39-5.18）. Pregnant women with periodontal disease within 5 days after delivery had a 2.22-fold higher risk of pree- clampsia than women without periodontal disease （OR=2.22; 95% CI= 1.16-4.27）. In conclusion, this meta-analysis suggests that maternal periodontal disease is an independent predictor ofpreeclampsia.     

Analysis of pathogenesis and risk factors associated with retinopathy of prematurity

Retinopathy of prematurity （ROP）is a disease associated with na and in particular, in preterm newborns. The long term visual outcome blindness and visual disabilities. The increasing prevalence of ROP, the 1 the vasculogenesis of the developing reti- of this disease includes increased risk of eading cause of blindness in infants, necessitates the implementation of preventive measures to halt this trend, and this, most certainly, calls for the thorough understanding of the pathogenesis and various risk factors associated with the disease. Risk factors for ROP are among the main targets for improving health outcomes. Angiogenic factors including VEGF and IGF- 1, maternal factors, oxidative stress and others （erythropoietin and inflammatory cytokines） are among the few of the most important risk factors that need to be addressed. A growing body of evidence suggests that subjects with ROP who have prenatal or postnatal risk factors are at increased risk of more severe ROP. These consistent observations have given rise to hopes of identifying the potential new risk factors and coming up with more efficient prevention and therapeutic strategies. However, studies focusing on incidence rates of ROP over time have painted an inconsistent picture. Individual studies have unequivocally demonstrated an association with the aforementioned risk factors, whereas epidemio-logical data however, is at best inconclusive. We have tried to integrate the studies, past and present, to identify the pathogenesis and novel risk factors.     

New Mechanism of Herb-herb Interaction between Ginseng and Trogopterus Based on CYPs in Rat Livers

The study was designed to investigate the potential mechanism of herb-herb interaction between ginseng and Trogopterus （Trg） based on Cytochrome P450 isozymes （CYPs） in rat livers. We estimated the influence on CYP1A2, CYP2E1, and CYP3A1/2 activity caused by ginseng and Trg used in combination. The CYP1A2 and CYP2E1 enzyme activity were induced by ginseng and Trg used in combination. And this induction effect was caused via inducing CYP1A2 and CYP2E1 protein expression which was supposed caused by inducing the gene expression of CYP1A2 and CYP2E1.     

WHO西太区与“世界中医药学会联合会”中医名词术语国际标准比较研究：精、神、气、血、津、液部分

精、神、气、血、津、液是中医理论中6个非常重要的概念，有关术语在《WHO西太区传统医学国际标准名词术语》中一共收录了59条，“世界中医药学会联合会”（以下简称世中联）《中医基本名词术语中英对照国际标准》中收录了58条。血、津、液的内涵较为具体，有一定的物质基础，理解并不困难。翻译上虽有差异，但亦不难统一。精、神、     

Epidemiological characteristics of thyroid nodules and risk factors for malignant nodules: a retrospective study from 6 304 surgical cases

Background The prevalence of thyroid nodules （TN） is increasing rapidly.This study analyzed the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of TN in surgically treated patients and identified the risk factors for malignant nodules （MN） to provide more understanding of the differential diagnosis of TN.Methods A total of 6 304 TN cases who underwent thyroid surgery were included in this retrospective study.The clinical data were collected to evaluate the clinical and epidemiological characteristics and related risk factors for MN.The nature of TN （benign nodules （BN） or MN）,medical records,laboratory data,and imaging data were analyzed.The risk factors for MN were screened using Spearman＇s rank correlation analysis and nonconditional binary Logistic regression analysis.Results The number of surgically treated TN cases increased yearly.A total of 34.33％ of cases were MN and 65.67％ were BN.Up to 56.74％ of these cases underwent unnecessary surgery.Among the MN cases,papillary thyroid carcinoma accounted for 94％,in which 46.71％ coexisted with benign thyroid disease and 32.28％ with multiple foci.Single-related factor analysis showed that age,employment,disease duration,history of breast nodules and/or hypertension,the levels of serum thyroid-stimulating hormone （TSH）,thyroglobulin antibody （TgAb）,and thyroid peroxidase antibody （TPoAb）,and ultrasound features of TN were related to MN.Stepwise nonconditional binary Logistic regression analysis showed that 13 factors may be the independent risk factors for MN,including ＜40 years old,previous history of breast nodules and/or hypertension,disease duration ＜1 month,employment,hypoechoic nodule,irregular nodules,nodule calcification,solid echo nodule,fuzzy boundary,rich blood flow within nodules,abnormal lymph nodes around the neck,nodule diameter ＜1 cm,and abnormally high TgAb.Conclusions Our results demonstrate a rapid increase in surgically treated TN cases and ratio of MN and indicate unnecessary surgeries in some cases.Thi     

表皮生长因子受体酪氨酸激酶抑制剂在非小细胞肺癌应用的瓶颈——获得性耐药

以表皮生长因子受体酪氨酸激酶抑制剂（epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor，EGFR-TKI）分子靶向治疗研究为肇始，转化性研究使基础实验和临床实践间的鸿沟迅速填平，改变着人们认识治疗肺癌的视角。无可否认，EGFR-TKI上市后极大地延伸了肿瘤学家治疗肺癌的手段，但不管从临床经验、临床研究数据、分子生物学层面还是文献计量学的角度，     

Neurological outcomes of patients admitted to the intensive care unit for cardiac arrest

Cardiac arrest （CA） is a major cause of death, with an estimated 300 000 cases of out-of-hospital CA reported in Europe and the United States each year. Advances in resuscitation techniques have improved survival such that approximately one-third of patients achieve return of spontaneous circulation （ROSC）. Nonetheless, only between half and one-third of patients who have achieved ROSC survive until discharge.     

Bias in multiple-treatments meta-analysis: a case on comparative efficacy and tolerability of 15 antipsychotic drugs for schizophrenia

Multiple-treatments meta-analysis is thought to be a feasible method to compare the efficacy and safety among different treatments, especially when there was no head-to-head research among some treatments. But sometimes some conclusions are inconsistent with the clinical experience. Recently, we read a multiple-treatment meta-analysis finished by Stefen Leucht et al, which was published in Lancet） The authors summarized the results of the RCT studies on 15 antipsychotics commonly used in practice; they also horizontally compared the efficacy and safety profile by the recta-analysis. We believe that the results provide more solid evidence for the rational usage of antipsychotics to the psychiatrists, also for the government to distribute health resources in a more reasonable way.     

Morphometric Analysis and Microsurgical Anatomy for Far-lateral Transcondylar Approach

Objective To provide basic microsurgical anatomy parameters for the far lateral transcondylar approach. Methods Thirty dry skulls were measured around foramen magnum. Twenty formalin fixed Chinese adult cadaveric heads were employed by microsurgical dissection and the vital anatomical structure was delineated and measured. The dissection was performed imitating the far-lateral transcondylar approach. In addition, among 20 formalin fixed cadaveric heads, 10 adult cadaveric heads were scanned with Spiral CT thin tomographic scanner. Some structures of foramen magnum were measured by CT thin tomographic scan. The 3D-CT （three dimensional computed tomography） reconstruction was performed in 4 adult cadaveric heads including preoperative and post-operative. Results Occipital condyle （OC） was an important sign in the far lateral transcondylar approach and its long axis was 24.47±3.32 （18.19-30.30）mm （left,L）; 25.16±2.39 （20.66-29.02）mm （right, R） （standard deviation）. The distance from the posterior midline of the foramen magnum （FM） to the medial border of the OC was 27.66±2.45 （23.00-31.48）mm （left）; 26.27±1.83 （23.68-29.64）mm （right）. Inferior occipital triangle was formed by three muscles, which was rectus capitis posterior major, superior oblique and inferior oblique. The distance of vertebral artery from lateral side of transverse foramen of atlas to its dural entry was 16.87±2.08 （12.64-20.1）mm （left）, 16.79±1.90 （12.44-20.22）mm （right）. Some vital bone structures such as jugular foramen, hypoglossal canal, condylar canal, transverse foramen of atlas could be showed clearly on the three-dimensional reconstruction CT image. Conclusion In this study, the authors provided some anatomic parameters for far lateral transcondylar approach. They documented the structures of inferior occipital triangle and the course of vertebral artery. Rare variation of VA should be paid more attention to. The thin tomographic scan and three-dimensional construction     

美国补充替代医学研究的主要机构（一）——美国癌症研究所和哈佛医学院

与对抗医学（allopathic medicine）的诊疗理念和实践有着重大区别的补充替代医学（complementary and alternative medicine.CAM）于20世纪70年代在美国达到第一个高峰。并且“替代医学”这个名词在此期间开始使用。此后．随着非常规医学在美国使用人数的迅速增多以及所治病种的不断增加．相关的基础研究和临床试验也相继展开，并且开始设立专门的CAM研究机构。     

Inhibitory Effects of Roscovitine on Proliferation and Migration of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells In Vitro

Abnormal proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells （VSMCs） are the major cause of in-stent restenosis （ISR）. Intervention proliferation and migration of VSMCs is an im- portant strategy for antirestenotic therapy. Roscovitine, a second-generation cyclin-dependent kinase in- hibitor, can inhibit cell cycle of multiple cell types. We studied the effects of roscovitine on cell cycle distribution, proliferation and migration of VSMCs in vitro by flow cytometry, BrdU incorporation and wound healing assay, respectively. Our results showed that roscovitine increased the proportion of Go/G1 phase cells after 12 h （69.57±3.65 vs. 92.50±1.68, P=0.000）, 24 h （80.87±2.24 vs. 90.25±0.79, P=0.000） and 48 h （88.08±3.86 vs. 88.87±2.43, P=-0.427） as compared with control group. Roscovifine inhibited proliferation and migration of VSMCs in a concentration-dependent way. With the increase of concen- tration, roscovitine showed increased capacity for growth and migration inhibition. Roscovitine （30 μmol/L） led to an almost complete VSMCs growth and migration arrest. Combined with its low toxicity and selective inhibition to ISR-VSMCs, roscovitine may be a potential drug in the treatment of vascular stenosis diseases and particularly useful in the prevention and treatment of ISR.     

A systematic review on food lead concentration and dietary lead exposure in China

Background By synthesizing results from primary studies,systematic review can provide empirical information of concerned problems.This study aimed to review the available surveillance data from studies reporting the contamination surveillance of food lead in China.Methods Relevant studies were identified by systematically searching Chinese Biological Medicine Database and China National Knowledge Infrastructure using the key term of ＂lead＂ for surveillance data published in Chinese between 2006 and 2012.To avoid potential selection bias,all articles were evaluated by two independent reviewers,and the disagreements were resolved by discussion or the third author was asked to arbitrate.Results Among 269 identified publications on surveillance data of lead in food,43 articles met the defined inclusion criteria.The food samples were divided into 11 groups （cereal grains and pulses,fish,eggs,vegetables,meat,edible fungi,milk and dairy products,fruits,offal,tea and preserved egg）.Surveillance data of publications were reviewed to calculate the weighted mean and rate exceeding maximum levels.Our results indicated that the highest lead concentration was 1.937 mg/kg in tea.The total pementage of samples exceeding the maximum levels was 5.57%.Dietary exposure to lead was assessed by combining the weighted mean concentration of surveillance data with national consumption data in 2002.In this review,dietary intake of lead was 1.232 μg/kg b.w./day.Conclusion Further control measures should be taken to reduce exposure to lead,from both dietary and non-dietary sources.     

Comparison of result judgment algorithm of test for interfering factors in the bacterial endotoxins test among Chinese, Japanese, European, American, and Indian pharmacopeias

Background The bacterial endotoxins test （BET） is a method used to detect or quantify endotoxins （lipo-polysaccharide,LPS） and is widely used in the quality control of parenteral medicines/vaccines and clinical dialysis fluid.It is also used in the diagnosis of endotoxemia and in detection of environment air quality control.Although BET has been adopted by most pharmacopoeias,result judgment algorithms （RJAs） of the test for interfering factors in the BET still differ between certain pharmacopoeias.We have evaluated RJAs of the test for interfering factors for the revision of BET described in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2010 （CHP2010）.Methods Original data from 1 748 samples were judged by RJAs of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2010,the Japanese Pharmacopoeia 2011 （JP2011）,the European Pharmacopoeia 7.0 （EP7.0）,the United States Pharmacopoeia 36 （USP36）,and the Indian Pharmacopoeia 2010 （IP2010）,respectively.A SAS software package was used in the statistical analysis.Results The results using CHP2010 and USP36,JP2011,EP7.0,and IP2010 had no significant difference （P=-0.7740）.The results using CHP2010 of 1 748 samples showed that 132 samples （7.6%） required an additional step; nevertheless there was no such requirement when using the other pharmacopeias.The kappa value of two RJAs （CHP2010 and EP7.0） was 0.6900 （0.6297-0.7504） indicating that the CHP2010 and other pharmacopoeias have good consistency.Conclusions The results using CHP2010 and USP36,JP2011,EP7.0,and IP2010 have different characteristics.CHP2010 method shows a good performance in Specificity,mistake diagnostic rate,agreement rate,predictive value for suspicious rate,and predictive value for passed rate.The CHP2010 method only had disadvantages in sensitivity compared with other pharmacopeias.We suggest that the Chinese pharmacopoeia interference test be revised in accordance with the USP36,JP2011,EP7.0,and IP2010 judgment model.     

中医疗法治疗运动性疲劳的研究进展

随着竞技体育的发展，运动员经常承受着大负荷、超强度的体力训练，因此极易产生运动性疲劳。疲劳的出现使肌内压增高，局部缺血，造成氧化代谢、H^＋排出率与pH值降低，血乳酸增高，从而影响肌纤维神经传导速度和肌内收缩力量，减弱了肌肉保护能力。致使较多的冲击力传到骨骼上，故易导致疲劳骨折的发生,严重影响了运动员的训练和比赛成绩，对运动员身心产生不必要的伤害。运动性疲劳消除手段的研究一直是竞技体育工作和运动医学关注和研究的焦点。     

DWI及动态增强MRI在淋巴结病变鉴别诊断中的价值

目的探讨磁共振扩散加权成像（D硼以及动态增强MPI（DCE-Mm）在颈部淋巴结病变鉴剐诊断中的价值。方法使用GE1．5T磁共振扫描仪及颈部相控阵线圈,46例单侧或双侧颈部淋巴结肿大患者（26例恶性病变,20例良性病变）。全部病例使用体线圈行SE-EPI DWI序列扫描,采用全方位扩散梯度及6个b值扫描。DWI扫描时间40-52S。分析46例病例中淋巴结的D研与表现扩散系数（ADC）值的特点,并行动态增强MRI和常规MRI增强检查,分析比较良、恶性淋巴结病变的MRI征象,计算病灶峰值增强率Emax,峰值时间Tmax．最大强化速率Slopemax,并根据病变最高强化区ROI的测量值,绘制病灶的时间一信号强度曲线（SI-Time曲线）。结果在DⅥ序列扫描中,良性和恶性淋巴结均呈高信号,恶性淋巴结组的平均ADE值为（0．834±0．192）x10^-3mm^2／s,良性淋巴结组为（1．687±0．252）×100mm^2／s,恶性淋巴结组平均ADC值明显小于良性淋巴结组（P〈0．05）,两者间差异有统计学意义。良性淋巴结病变时间一信号强度曲线多表现为I型,而恶性淋巴结多为Ⅲ型,Ⅱ型曲线均可见于良性和恶性淋巴结病变。结论D册可作为颈部良、恶性淋巴结病变鏊别诊断的一种快速可行的新方法,具有一定的临床价值。通过动态增强进一步揭示病变的血流动力学特征。有助于对淋巴结病变作出准确的定性诊断,更能有效地鉴别诊断良、恶性淋巴结病变。     

Norcantharidin inhibits tumor growth and vasculogenic mimicry of human gallbladder carcinomas by suppression of the PI3-K/MMPs/Ln-5T2 signaling pathway

Background：Vasculogenic mimicry （VM） is a novel tumor blood supply in some highly aggressive malignant tumors. Recently,we reported VM existed in gallbladder carcinomas （GBCs） and the formation of the special passage through the activation of the PI3K/ MMPs/Ln-5γ2 signaling pathway. GBC is a highly aggressive malignant tumor with disappointing treatments and a poor prognosis. Norcantharidin （NCTD） has shown to have multiple antitumor activities against GBCs, etc; however the exact mechanism is not thoroughly elucidated. In this study, we firstly investigated the anti-VM activity of NCTD as a VM inhibitor for GBCs and its underlying mechanisms. Methods ： In vitro and in vivo experiments to determine the effects of NCTD on proliferation, invasion, migration, VM formation, hemodynamic and tumor growth of GBC-SD cells and xenografts were respectively done by proliferation, invasion,migration assays,HE staining and CD31-PAS double staining, optic/electron microscopy, tumor assay, and dynamic micro- MRA. Further, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, Western blotting and RT-PCR were respectively used to examine expression of VM signaling-related markers PI3-K,MMP-2 ,MT1-MMP and Ln-5γ2 in GBC-SD cells and xenografts in vitro and in vivo. Results： After treatment with NCTD, proliferation, invasion, migration of GBC-SD cells were inhibited; GBC-SD ceils and xenografts were unable to form VM-like structures; tumor center-VM region of the xenografts exhibited a decreased signal in intensity; then cell or xenograft growth was inhibited. Whereas all of untreated GBC-SD cells and xenografts formed VM-like structures with the same conditions; the xenograft center-VM region exhibited a gradually increased signal; and facilitated cell or xenograft growth （Figure 1-6 ）. Furthermore, expression of MMP-2 and MT1-MMP products from sections/supemates of 3-D matrices and the xenografts, and expression of PI3-K, MMP-2, MM1-MMP and Ln-5γ2 proteins/mRNAs of the xenografts were all decreased in NCTD or TIMP-2 g     

Clinical treatment and prognostic observation for different pathological infiltrations in 537 patients with unilateral retinoblastoma

Background The use of post-enucleation adjuvant therapy to decrease the extraocular relapse rate is frequently considered, but there is much controversy about the indications for adjuvant therapy. The aim of this retrospective study was to observe the treatment and prognosis for different degrees of invasion of eye tissue in retinoblastoma （RB） and identify the indications for post-enucleation adjuvant therapy. Methods We recruited 537 children who had been diagnosed with unilateral RB and had received enucleation from January 2006 to December 2012 in our hospital, and divided them into three groups according to their number of histopathologic risk factors： 0 factor, 1 factor, or 〉2 factors. Histopathologic high-risk factors included invasion of the optic nerve posterior to the ethmoid plate （including optic nerve stumps） and extensive invasions of the choroid, sclera, anterior chamber, iris, and ciliary body. Treatment was delivered accordingly, and the prognosis of different degrees of histopathologic invasion was observed. The subjects were followed up for 6 months to 7 years （average follow-up time： 35 months）. Statistical analysis was analyzed using X2 test. P 〈0.05 was considered significant. Results Of the 537 RB patients who received enucleation, 25 died （overall survival： 95.3%）. Of the 369 （68.7%） with no histopathologic risk factors, 1 died of recurrence, with a mortality rate of 0.3%, whereas of the 168 （31.3%） with histopathologic risk factors, 26 had recurrences and 24 died （mortality rate： 14.3%; P=0.000）. Of the 93 patients （17.3%）, each of whom had a single risk factor, nine had recurrences, 16 died （8.6%）. Of the 75 patients （14%） with two or more high-risk factors, 16 died （21.3%）. These differences were statistically significant between the three （P=0.000）. Conclusion Chemotherapy is recommended for patients with histopathologic risk factors, especially those with two or more histopathologic risk factors.     

Liuwei Dihuang,a traditional Chinese herbal formula,suppresses chronic inflammation and oxidative stress in obese rats

OBJECTIVE： To investigate the anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative stress, and adipokine-ameliorating effects of Liuwei Dihuang （LWDH）, a traditional Chinese herbal formula, in obese rats. METHODS： After 2 weeks of acclimation with free access to regular rodent chow and water, obese-prone-caesarean-derived （OP-CD） rats were fed a modified AIN-93G diet containing 60% energy from fat. Treatment was performed twice daily by gavage feeding with 500, 1 500, or 3 500 mg/kg body weight LWDH suspended in water （n=12 rats per group）. Twelve obese-resistant-CD （OR-CD） rats were fed the atherogenic diet and gavaged with water, and served as the normal control. Blood biomarkers of inflammation, oxidative stress and adiponectin were measured post-sacrifice and used to determine the treatment effect of LWDH and assess the suitability of OR/OP-CD rats for studying these parameters. RESULTS： After 9 weeks of treatment, LWDH lowered serum C-reactive protein （CRP） and tumour necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） levels. Serum interleukin-6 （IL-6） levels showed a tendency towards reduction, but were not significantly different from the OP-CD control. Liver superoxide dismutase （SOD） activity was increased in response to all three doses of LWDH, while the levels of reduced （GSH） and oxidized glutathione （GSSG） and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances （TBARS） were unchanged. Serum adiponectin levels were increased in response to oral administration of LWDH at the dose of either 500 or 1 500 mg/kg body weight. In addition, comparisons between OR-CD and OP-CD rats revealed differential, and for some biomarkers, conflicting characteristics of high-fat diet-fed OP-CD rats in reference to obese human subjects in terms of inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers and circulating adiponectin levels. CONCLUSION： The results show, for the first time, the anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative stress and adiponectin-ameliorating effects of LWDH in obese rats. The suitability of the OP-JOP-CD rat model as