缺氧条件下梭曼中毒对大鼠脑M受体的影响

目的 探讨高原缺氧条件下梭曼中毒大鼠脑组织乙酰胆碱酯酶（ＡＣｈＥ）活性和毒蕈碱性乙酰胆碱（Ｍ）受体变化规律。方法 以ＤＴＮＢ法和受体放射性配基结合法检测大鼠皮层、海马及纹状体ＡＣｈＥ活性和Ｍ受体密度及亲和力。结果 缺氧使大鼠脑组织ＡＣｈＥ活性不同程度升高,缺氧２４ｈ海马和纹状体Ｍ受体 分别增加１０．４％和２５．３％,Ｍ受体的亲和力分别增加５５．６％和３０．３％。单纯梭曼中毒和缺氧复合梭曼中毒均显著     

缺氧条件下梭曼中毒大鼠脑G蛋白及cAMP-PKA信号系统的变化

目的 探索G蛋白及cAMP－PKA信号系统在缺氧条件下梭曼毒性升高机制中的作用。方法 Western blot检测Giα、Gqα含量、cAMP浓度及PKA活性升高，Giα下降，缺氧条件下梭曼中毒与单纯梭曼中毒组有显著差别；阿托品可对抗PKA活性的升高。在所观察的三个脑区中，以纹状体变化最为明显。结论 G蛋白及其介导的cAMP－PKA信号系统参与了缺氧条件下梭曼毒性升高的形成机制。     

缺氧条件下梭曼中毒大鼠心脏毒性效应胆碱能机制的研究

目的 探讨胆碱能系统在缺氧复合梭曼中毒心脏毒性效应增强机制中的作用。方法 实验大鼠随机分为正常对照组、高原缺氧组、平原中毒组和缺氧中毒组。利用RT—PCR技术检测心肌m2受体mRNA的表达，Western blot检测抑制性G蛋白含量，放射免疫法测定cAMP浓度及酶放射化学分析测定AC、PKA活性。结果 与平原中毒组相比，缺氧条件下梭曼中毒m2受体表达增强，Gi含量明显降低，cAMP浓度及AC、PKA活性显著升高。结论 复合损伤引起的m2受体表达增强和cAMP—PKA信号系统的异常升高，可能是高原缺氧条件下棱曼中毒心脏毒性效应增强的重要原因之一。     

磷脂酶A2在模拟高原梭曼中毒性脑损伤中的变化

目的 探讨磷脂酶A2（PLA2）在缺氧复合梭曼中毒脑损伤的作用机制。方法 应用微量滴定，放免法从动物整体水平观察了高原缺氧，梭曼中毒单一与复合致伤后12、24、48h大鼠脑组织含水率（WCB）、伊文思蓝（EB）含量，PLA2的活性，环磷酸腺苷（cAMP)含量的变化。结果 高原中毒组脑组织伊文思蓝含量，PLA2的活性，ADP、AMP、cAMP含量在中毒后24、48h明显高于平原中毒组，高原对照组和正常对照组，应用钙通道阻断剂尼莫地平可明显降低PLA2活性，减轻缺氧中毒后脑组织水肿。结论 磷脂酶A2、腺苷酸环化酶的激活可能参与高原缺氧复合梭曼中毒脑损伤。     

缺氧复合梭曼中毒对PC12细胞凋亡及IL-1β、IL-6水平的影响

目的观察缺氧复合梭曼中毒对PC12细胞的毒性效应及IL-1β、IL-6的变化规律.方法制备缺氧复合梭曼中毒细胞模型,以MTT比色、流式细胞仪、ELISA和放免法分别测定细胞存活率、凋亡率及培养液IL-1β和IL-6活性.结果梭曼中毒和缺氧致伤组细胞存活率明显下降,细胞凋亡率明显升高,复合致伤组细胞存活率和凋亡率变化更为明显,且与梭曼中毒组相比具有显著性差异(P＜0.05);梭曼中毒和缺氧致伤后IL-1β、IL-6活性均明显增加,梭曼中毒组在致伤后12 h达到高峰,缺氧致伤组在伤后6 h即达到高峰,而后逐渐下降,至伤后24h仍显著高于对照组;复合致伤组IL-1β和IL-6活性升高更为明显,在致伤后6 h达到高峰,显著高于正常对照组(P＜0.01)和同时相点梭曼中毒组(P＜0.05),较同时相点梭曼中毒组IL-1β和IL-6活性增加1.25和2.16倍.结论缺氧复合梭曼中毒导致PC12细胞凋亡增加,复合致伤所致的IL-1β和IL-6水平的升高在缺氧复合梭曼中毒的毒性效应中具有重要作用.     

缺氧条件下梭曼中毒对大鼠心肌M2受体mRNA表达的影响

目的 探讨缺氧条件下梭曼中毒大鼠心肌M2胆碱能受体表达的变化。方法 采用半定量RT－PCR法分别检测缺氧、梭曼中毒以及缺氧条件下梭曼中毒大鼠心肌M2受体mRNA的表达。结果 与正常对照组比较，缺氧组大鼠心肌M2受体mRNA表达增强，但相差并不显著；单纯梭曼中毒组和缺氧中毒组大鼠M2受体在致伤后各时间点表达明显减弱，但与单纯梭曼中毒组比较，缺氧中毒组大鼠心肌M2受体mRNA的表达在致伤后12h和24h明显增强（P＜0.05)。结论 M2受体对有机磷毒剂非常敏感，缺氧条件下大鼠心肌M2受体的表达相对于平原中毒组有所增强，可能是高原战区神经性毒剂加重心脏功能损害的一个重要原因。     

谷氨酸在模拟高原梭曼中毒性脑损伤的作用研究

目的 探讨谷氨酸（Chutamic acid.Glu)在缺氧复合梭曼中毒脑损伤的作用机制。方法 采用氨基酸分析和放免技术，研究高原缺氧，梭曼中毒单一与复合致伤后12、24、48h脑组织Glu和CaM含量的变化以及钙／钙调蛋白激酶Ⅱ（Ca^2 /CaM-PKⅡ）活性的影响及其机制。结果 缺氧复合梭曼中毒组脑组织Glu,CaM含量在中毒后24h明显高于单纯中毒组、缺氧对照组和正常对照组；缺氧中毒组脑组织Ca^2 /CaM-PKⅡ活性在中毒后24h明显低于单纯中毒组、缺氧对照组和正常对照组；而N－甲基－D－天冬氨酸（NMDA）受体损坏抗剂地佐环平（MK－801）和钙通道拮抗剂尼莫地平（Nimodipine)可对抗这种改变。结论 高原缺氧复合梭曼中毒后Glu的兴奋毒引起脑损伤和Ca^2 /CaM-PKⅡ的活性下降，主要由NMDA受体介导和胞外Ca^2 内流增加有关。     

缺氧复合梭曼中毒PC12细胞中［Ca2+］、cAMP、CaM和Ca2+/CaM-PK Ⅱ的变化

目的 观察缺氧复合梭曼中毒的大鼠肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤PC12细胞内游离钙的浓度［Ca∧2 ］、cAMP、钙调蛋白（CaM）和钙调蛋白Ⅱ（Ca∧2 /CaM-PK Ⅱ）的变化。方法 采用放免技术,从细胞水平进一步观察缺氧复合梭曼中毒对PC12细胞的毒性、细胞内［Ca∧2 ］变化、cAMP、CaM和Ca∧2 /CaM-PK Ⅱ的变化。结果 缺氧中毒组PC12细胞cAMP、CaM含量在中毒后24h明显高于单纯中毒组、缺氧对照组和正常对照组;缺氧中毒组PC12细胞Ca∧2 /CaM-PK Ⅱ活性在中毒后24h明显低于单纯中毒组、缺氧对照组和正常对照组。结论 ［Ca∧2 ］、cAMP、CaM和Ca∧2 /CaM-PK Ⅱ在缺氧复合梭曼中毒PC12细胞损伤机制中起了重要的作用。     

缺氧复合梭曼中毒大鼠脑损伤的药物保护研究

目的　研究抗胆碱能药物解磷复方和红景天对低压缺氧复合梭曼中毒大鼠脑损伤的作用效果。方法　 72只Wistar大鼠分为缺氧对照、缺氧复合梭曼中毒、解磷复方治疗和解磷复方与红景天复方治疗等共 4组。动物梭曼 ( 72 μg kg ,sc)中毒后置低压舱内 ( 62kPa)缺氧 48h ,于 12、2 4、48h等时间点处死动物取脑组织。用生化法测脑组织伊文思蓝(evansblue ,EB)含量和磷脂酶A2 (phospholipase ,PLA2 )活性 ,放射免疫法测钙调蛋白 (Calmodulin ,CaM)含量。结果　缺氧复合梭曼中毒明显升高大鼠脑组织EB含量、PLA2 活性和CaM含量。抗胆碱能药物解磷复方能明显降低缺氧复合梭曼中毒引起的大鼠脑组织EB含量、PLA2 活性和CaM含量变化 ,解磷复方和红景天组成的抗毒复方进一步加强上述作用。结论　解磷复方和解磷复方加红景天复方均可对抗缺氧复合梭曼中毒引起的脑损伤 ,后者作用比前者强     

缺氧复合梭曼中毒对PC12细胞中IL-4、IL-8和TPK活性的影响

目的研究缺氧复合梭曼中毒PC12细胞中白介素-4、白介素-8(IL-4、IL-8)和酪氨酸蛋白激酶(TPK)活性的变化.方法采用ELISA法和放射免疫技术检测缺氧复合梭曼中毒PC12细胞的IL-4、IL-8和TPK活性.结果单纯梭曼中毒PC12细胞胞浆、胞核的TPK以及IL-4、IL-8活性在中毒2 h升高,12 h活性水平最高,24 h活性降低.缺氧复合梭曼中毒组PC12细胞胞浆、胞核的TPK以及IL-4、IL-8活性在缺氧中毒2 h升高,6 h最高,12 h活性降低,各时相点均明显高于正常对照组.结论提示酪氨酸蛋白激酶、IL-4、IL-8参与缺氧复合梭曼中毒所致脑损伤的发病机制.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Dr.Zhang Ren''''s Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

Luo Lingjie''''s Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性的影响

目的 探讨猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气(NCPAP)对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性(CK-MB)的影响.方法 选取呼吸衰竭早产儿80例,分为观察组和对照组各40例.对照组采用NCPAP给氧治疗,观察组给予NCPAP给氧联合猪肺磷脂气管内给药.观察两组患儿治疗前及治疗12h、24 h后PaO2、PaCO2、血氧饱和度(SaO2)、pH的变化情况,检测治疗前及治疗5d后血清CK-MB水平;评估两组患儿的临床治疗效果.结果 两组患儿PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2、pH比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其中观察组治疗后的PaO2、SaO2、pH均高于对照组,PaCO2则低于对照组.两组的PaO2、SaO2、pH均随观察时间延长而升高(P＜0.05),PaCO2均随观察时间的延长而降低(P＜0.05).观察组治疗有效率为87.5％,显著高于对照组的70.0％ (P ＜0.05).治疗5d后两组患儿血清CK-MB水平均较前降低(P＜0.05),且观察组明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 猪肺磷脂注射液气管内给药联合NCPAP可以显著降低呼吸衰竭早产儿CK-MB的含量,提高治疗有效率,起到很好的呼吸循环支持作用.     

Survey and practice of reporting quality of randomized controlled clinical trials on traditional Chinese medicine

Evidence obtained from randomized controlled trials （RCTs） has been generally accepted as the gold standard in the evaluation of clinical effectiveness. Readers need to understand the trial design, implementation, results, analysis and interpretation, so as to fully Jnderstand the results of RCTs. Thus, the investigators of RCTs have to report these items in a complete, accurate and clear manner. Since 1998, we have conducted several evaluations on the reporting quality of RCTs published in Chinese journals on traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and results have shown that there is an urgent need for higher quality RCTs on TCM.     

TCM Treatment of Ankylosing Spondylitis by Tonifying the Kidney and Strengthening the Governor Vessel

Ankylosing spondylitis is a chronic and progressive disorder with inflammation mainly involving the central axis joints. It mainly affects the cervical spine and the lumbosacral area, with the pathogenesis closely related to the kidney and the Governor Vessel (GV). TCM holds that the syndrome is deficiency in origin and excess in superficiality, which is due to insufficiency of the kidney, deficiency of GV, and blocking of the channels with the invasion of exogenous evil, leading to poor circulation of qi and blood and malnutrition of the bones, muscles and joints. The TCM method of tonifying the kidney and strengthening GV to regulate circulation of qi and blood and check the arthralgia pain should be adopted, with the Kidney-Tonifying and GV Strengthening Decoction (益肾强督汤) prescribed.     

IMPROVING P-gp EXPRESSION IN HUMAN MONONUCLEAR CELLS IN VITRO TRANSFECTED BY MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE-1 mRNA

CHEMOTHERAPY playsa greatrolein the treat- ment of malignanttumors,especiallyingynecolo- gicalones.But inanticancerchemotherapy,leuko-cytopeniaisfrequentlytheprimarydose-limitingsideeffect factor.Moreover,cancersarefrequentlychemoresistantbe-causeof overexpressionof P-glycoprotein(P-gp), which isencodedby multidrugresistancegene (MDR1 ) and detectableinup to50% ofhuman cancersand renderscellsresistancetoanticancerdrugs.The safetyand potentialtherapeuticbenefitof mdr1 gene transferredto h…