VIDEO-ASSISTED THORACOSCOPIC CORRECTION AND FUSION OF SCOLIOSIS

Objective To evaluate the operative technique and preliminary results of video-assisted thoracoscopic anterior correction and fusion of scoliosis. Methods Eleven cases underwent thoracoscopic anterior correction and fusion of scoliosis from March 2003 to April 2005 in our hospital were reviewed. They were all females with an average age of 13.1 years old. Of which, 9 cases were idiopathic scoliosis, 1 case was congenital scoliosis, and 1 case was Marfan syndrome scoliosis. The coronal Cobb angle and apical vertebral translation before and after surgery as well as at final follow-up were measured. The operation time, blood loss during operation, and peri-operative complications were recorded. Results The mean operation time was 6.4 hours, mean instrumented vertebrae were 6.4 segments, and mean blood loss during operation was 364 mL. The coronal Cobb angles of the thoracic curve before and after surgery were 45.5° and 15.4° respectively, with an average correction rate of 65.4%. The lumbar curve was corrected from 28.4° to 11.8°, with an average simultaneous correction rate of 57.2%. All of the patients were followed up regularly with an average time of 21.4 months. At the final follow-up, the coronal Cobb angles of the thoracic and lumbar curves were 19.0° and 20.1°, with a 3.6° and 8.3° loss of correction, respectively. The apical vertebral translation was improved from 32.3 mm to 10.5 mm for the thoracic curve, and from 13.1 mm to 8.2 mm for the lumbar curve. There were 6 cases with peri-operative complications, including 1 case of thoracic effusion, 1 case of chylothorax, 1 case of locking plug loosing, 2 cases of aggravation of the unfused lumbar curve (1 case also with thoracolumbar kyphosis), and 1 case with a screw tip causing a contour deformity of the aorta. And 4 of them underwent revision surgery. Conclusions Video-assisted thoracoscopic anterior correction and fusion of scoliosis has good correction capability, less intraoperative bleeding, and favorable cosmetic effect for mild and moderate thoracic scoliosis, but with higher rates of correction loss of the lumbar curve and peri-operative complications. A surgeon should be cautious to perform this technique.     

应用多层螺旋CT曲面重建技术评价特发性脊柱侧凸柔韧度

目的 探讨应用多层螺旋CT曲面重建(CPR)技术评价特发性脊柱侧凸的冠状面和矢状面,提出特发性脊柱侧凸柔韧度评价的新方法,确立侧凸脊柱卧位的冠状面和矢状面特征.方法 45例10～18岁特发性脊柱侧凸青少年女孩进行了术前多层螺旋CT脊柱扫描.采用曲面重建技术分别对脊柱进行了冠状面和矢状面的重建,测量了主弯、代偿弯的Cobb角等各项数值,并与患者X线影像结果进行了比较分析.结果 侧凸曲面重建后,冠状面主弯曲面重建(CPR)图像的Cobb角较主弯X线站立位像Cobb角平均小10.17°,冠状面代偿弯CPR的Cobb角较代偿弯X线站立位像Cobb角平均小6.97°.对于侧凸冠状面柔韧度的评价,Fulcrum像方法提供了最大的术前矫正程度.对于主胸弯组和主腰/胸腰弯组的对比没有发现,10～14岁年龄组和15～18岁年龄组间仅术后Cobb角有差别.对于手术矫形率和柔韧度,主胸弯组和主腰/胸腰弯组Bending像两组的柔韧度有差异.不同年龄组比较发现手术矫形率、主弯柔韧度和代偿弯的柔韧度两组比较,10～14岁柔韧度较大.矢状面上,主胸弯组和主腰/胸腰弯组CPR胸后凸(T5～T12)角和CPR上胸弯(T1～T5)角两组之间比较,主胸弯的胸后凸角度较小.按年龄分组中,CPR胸后凸(T5～T12)Cobb角两组之间有差异,10～14岁组的胸后凸Cobb角度较小.相关分析示CPR主弯的柔韧度、Bending像的柔韧度和手术矫形率相关.结论 AIS主弯的卧位CPR柔韧度、Bending像柔韧度和侧凸的手术矫形率呈正相关.10～14岁AIS患者矢状面胸后凸较15～18岁患者减小,主胸弯AIS患者矢状面的胸后凸和上胸弯较主腰/胸腰弯AIS患者减小.脊柱侧凸CT下曲面重建对侧凸类型的诊断和侧凸三维的分析很有帮助,可以在1次扫描后获得对侧凸三维等多方面的评价.     

后路选择性融合治疗青少年特发性脊柱侧凸单胸弯

目的探讨单胸弯青少年特发性脊柱侧凸手术治疗策略及融合节段的选择。方法治疗单胸弯青少年特发性脊柱侧凸72例（Lenke IA50例,LenkeIB8例,LenkeIC14例）,平均年龄14．3岁,男13例,女59例。均采取后路选择性胸椎融合治疗。上融合椎取上位的旋转中立位椎体;下融合椎通过下端椎、下方的旋转中立椎、稳定椎之间的相互关系来确定,取中立椎、中立椎上一位椎体或稳定椎上一位椎体。术前查站立位脊柱全长前后位、侧位,卧位左右侧屈位片,术后及随访时查站立位脊椎全长前后位、侧位片。测量冠状位Cobb角、顶椎偏移、顶椎旋转、躯干偏移,来观察侧弯矫治及躯干平衡情况。平均融合7．3个节段（4～10个节段）,平均随访15．9个月（12～39个月）。结果手术前后胸弯冠状位Cobb角分别为（56．74-14．5）°（40～98°）和（18．54-8．3）°（3～40°）;手术前后腰弯冠状位Cobb角分别为（33．94-10．4）°（25～69°）和（11．14-6．4）°（0～30°）,自发矫正率为（66．94-16）％（44～100）％。躯干偏移由（16．14-10．2）mm（4—43）min矫至（8．24-6．1）mm（0～25min）,有2例病人术后出现轻度躯干失平衡,随访两年无进一步进展。结论结合站立位上下端椎、中立椎、稳定椎确定融合范围在矫治单胸弯青少年特发性脊柱侧凸中可取得良好的矫治效果。     

SURGICAL TREATMENT OF SCOLIOSIS CAUSED BY NEUROFIBROMATOSIS TYPE 1

Objective To retrospectively analyze the relationship between curve types and clinical results in surgical treatment of scoliosis in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF-1).Methods Forty-five patients with scoliosis resulting from NF-1 were treated surgically from 1984 to 2002. Mean age at operation was 14.2 years. There were 6 nondystrophic curves and 39 dystrophic curves depended on their radiographic features. According to their apical vertebrae location, the dystrophic curves were divided into three subgroups: thoracic curve (apical vertebra at T8 or above), thoracolumbar curve (apical vertebra below T8 and above L1), and lumber curve (apical vertebra at L1 and below). Posterior spine fusion, combined anterior and posterior spine fusion were administrated based on the type and location of the curves. Mean follow-up was 6.8 years. Clinical and radiological manifestations were investigated and results were assessed.Results Three patients with muscle weakness of low extremities recovered entirely. Two patients with dystrophic lumbar curve maintained their low back pain the same as preoperatively. The mean coronal and sagittal Cobb′s angle in nondystrophic curves was 80.3° and 61.7° before operation, 30.7° and 36.9° after operation, and 32.9° and 42.1° at follow-up,respectively. In dystrophic thoracic curves, preoperative Cobb's angle in coronal and sagittal plane was 96.5° and 79.8°,postoperative 49.3°and 41.7°, follow-up 54.1° and 45.3°, respectively. In thoracolumbar curves, preoperative Cobb's angle in coronal and sagittal plane was 75.0° and 47.5°, postoperative 31.2° and 22.8°, follow-up 37.5° and 27.8°, respectively. In lumbar curves preoperative Cobb's angle in coronal plane was 55.3°, postoperative 19.3°, and follow-up 32.1 °. Six patients with dystrophic curves had his or her curve deteriorated more than 10 degrees at follow-up. Three of them were in the thoracic subgroup and their kyphosis was larger than 95 degrees, and three in lumbar subgroup. Hardware failure occurred in 3cases. Six patients had 7 revision procedures totally.Conclusions Posterior spinal fusion is effective for most dystrophic thoracic curves in patients whose kyphosis is less than 95 degrees. Combined anterior and posterior spinal fusion is stronger recommended for patients whose kyphosis is larger than 95 degrees and those whose apical vertebra is located below T8. Patients should be informed that repeated spine fusion might be necessary even after combined anterior and posterior spine fusion.     

胸腰段青少年特发性脊柱侧凸远端融合椎选择的分析研究

目的 探讨胸腰段青少年特发性脊柱侧凸(AIS)远端融合椎(LIV)新的选择标准.方法 纳入融合胸腰弯且经过1.5年以上随访的患者52例,患者均符合新的AIS选择标准,即术前站立正位X线片骶正中线(CSVL)在侧凸远端接触到的第1椎体为触及椎(TV),且该TV应符合以下要求:Nash-Moe旋转度小于或等于Ⅱ度;凹侧Bending像上CSVL位于TV两侧椎弓根之间;不存在胸腰段及腰段后凸畸形;CSVL距离TV 3～4 mm的患者也列入研究范围.所有患者均由同一组经验丰富的脊柱外科医师实施手术,均采用后路全椎弓根钉内固定矫形融合.术前、术后即刻、终末随访均测站立位脊柱全长正侧X线片、卧位左右Bending像,并测量主弯Cobb角、冠状面躯干偏移(TS)、LIV倾斜度(LIVT)、LIV尾侧椎间盘角度(LIVA),观察TV、稳定椎等位置,记录并进行统计分析.结果 所有患者均随访18个月以上,平均(23±3)个月.术前、术后即刻、末次随访主弯Cobb角分别为(49.32±11.37)°、(9.08±6.78)°、(10.65±6.68)°,LIVT分为(21.76±4.68)°、(5.17±4.09)°、(5.16±3.08)°,LIVA分别为(7.19±5.16)°、(3.16±2.78)°、(4.17±3.28)°,术后即刻、末次随访时上述各项指标与术前比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).术前躯干失代偿患者27例,末次随访时5例患者并发躯干失代偿,未较术前增加.将TV作为LIV与采用稳定椎做LIV相比,前者可以节省(1.42±0.45)个融合节段.结论 采用新标准进行胸腰段AIS手术治疗比目前临床上常用的方法节省融合节段.     

CORRECTIVE SURGERY OF CONGENITAL SCOLIOSIS WITH TYPE II SPLIT SPINAL CORD MALFORMATION

CONGENITALspinaldeformitiesareusuallyduetovertebraldevelopmentaldisordersduringthefirst8weeksofgestation,1thisperiodalsoin volvesclosureoftheneuraltube,thuspatientswithcon genitalspinaldeformitiesmayalsohaveneuraltubedeform itiesamongstwhichsplitspinalcor…     

青少年特发性胸腰段/腰段侧凸前路与后路矫形效果的比较

目的 分析比较不同手术入路(远端融合椎均位于下端椎)对青少年特发性胸腰段/腰段侧凸矫形效果的影响.方法 回顾性分析青少年特发性胸腰段/腰段侧凸患者接受前路(单棒矫形固定融合,组A)或后路(全椎弓根螺钉矫形固定融合,组B)矫形固定融合手术术前、术后及随访时的X线片,对侧凸Cobb角、侧凸矫形率、椎间角的变化进行测量和分析.结果 组A共18例患者,组B共21例患者.胸腰弯/腰弯冠状面侧凸累及椎体节段数分别为5.0和5.4个(P=0.134),融合椎体数分别为4.7和5.4个(P=0.008).组A与组B术前、术后胸腰弯/腰弯冠状面Cobb角分别为49.2°和10.3°,43.8°和5.0°,术后较术前均得到明显改善(均P=0.000),矫形率分别为78.5%和87.8%(P=0.020).随访时冠状面Cobb角分别为21.7°和7.7°,矫形平均丢失8.3°和2.7°(P=0.001).术前、术后及随访时椎间角组A分别为3.1°、5.6°和7.3°,组B分别为2.3°、4.2°和4.4°,术后椎间角较术前增大,组A差异存在统计学意义(P=0.049),组B差异无统计学意义(P=0.050),组A与组B比较差异无统计学意义(P=0.231);随访时椎间角较术后增大,与术后相比,二组差异均无统计学意义(P=0.112,P=0.855),但组A较组B椎间角大(P=0.026).随访时近端交界性后凸的发生组间比较差异无统计学意义(P=0.235).结论 对于青少年特发性胸腰段/腰段侧凸,在远端融合椎止于下端椎时,采用后路全椎弓根螺钉矫形固定融合手术侧凸冠状面矫形率、矫形丢失、椎间角的变化优于前路手术,但融合节段长.     

Selective anterior thoracolumbar/lumbar fusion and instrumentation in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients

Background Selective anterior thoracolumbar/lumbar （TL/L） fusion and instrumentation in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis （AIS） patients with a structural major TL/L curve and a nonstructural minor thoracic curve is rarely reported. We investigate the correction results of these patients.Methods By reviewing the medical records and roentgenograms of AIS patients undergone selective anterior TL/Lfusion and instrumentation, Cobb angle, correction rate of the major and minor curves, coronal balance, lowest instrumented vertebra （LIV） tilt, coronal disc angle immediately below the LIV （LIVDA） and radiographic shoulder height （RSH） were measured and analyzed.Results Forty patients were included. For the major TL/L curve, the mean coronal Cobb angle before and after operation were 43.9° and 8.7°, respectively, with an average correction rateof 80.2% （P=0.000）. While for the minor thoracic curve, the mean coronal Cobb angle before and after operation were 27.2° and 14.3°, respectively, with an average spontaneous correction rate of 47.4% （P=0.000）. At final follow-up, the coronal Cobb angles of the major and minor curves were 13.7° and 17.1°, respectively, with a mean correction loss of 5.0° and 2.9°, respectively. The coronal balance before and after operations was 13.2 mm and 11.5 mm, respectively. At the final follow-up, it turned to 5.6 mm,which was much better than that after operation （P=0.001）. The mean LIV tilt was 23.5° before operation, and was significantly improved after operation （8.3°, P=0.000）. At final follow-up, it was well maintained （10.6°）. The LIVDA averaged 3.5° before operation, and aggravated to 5.5° after operation （P=0.100） and 7.4° at final follow-up （P=0.012）,respectively. The RSH was 7.3 mm before operation, 5.6 mm after operation, and 2.2 mm at the final follow-up. The RSH at the final follow-up was significantly improved compared with that after operation （P=0.002）.Conclusions Selective anterior TL/L fusion and instrumentation can get good correction results of both curves, with good results of the coronal balance and RSH in AlS patients, while a larger LIVDA.     

选择性前路胸腰弯/腰弯融合治疗青少年特发性脊柱侧凸

背景：自King提出对King II型特发性脊柱侧凸可进行选择性胸弯融合的概念以来,关于选择性胸弯融合后胸弯和腰弯均可获得良好矫形的报道很多。同样,对结构性胸腰弯/腰弯和非结构性胸弯患者,选择性胸腰完/腰弯融合也可获得良好的双弯矫形效果,然而这方面的报道很少。我们分析了此类青少年特发性脊柱侧凸（AIS）患者在接受选择性前路胸腰完/腰弯融合后双弯的矫正情况。 方法 回顾行选择性前路胸腰段/腰段融合的AIS病例的临床及影像学资料。测量分析Cobb角、主弯和次弯的矫形率、冠状面平衡、下融合椎倾斜度、下融合椎下位椎间角和放射学双肩高度。 结果 共40例患者,胸腰弯/腰弯冠状面Cobb角术前平均为43.9°,术后矫正为8.7°,矫正率为80.6%(P=0.000);胸弯冠状面Cobb角术前平均为27.2°,术后矫正为14.3°,自动矫正率为50.5%(P=0.000)。;末次随访时胸腰弯/腰弯和胸弯分别为13.7°和17.1°,矫形丢失平均分别为5.0°和2.9°。冠状面平衡术前、术后分别为13.2 mm和11.5 mm,随访时为5.6 mm,明显好于术后(P=0.001)。 下方融合椎（LIV）倾斜术前平均为23.5°,术后为8.3°,较术前显著改善（P＝0.000）;末次随访时保持良好,为10.6°。冠状面下方融合椎下位椎间盘开角（LIVDA）术前为3.5°,术后增加到5.5°(P=0.100),末次随访时明显加重,为7.4° (P=0.012). 手术前、后及随访时双肩高度差分别为7.3 mm、5.6 mm和2.2 mm。随访时的双肩高度差明显优于术后(P=0.002)。结论 前路选择性胸腰弯/腰弯融合与固定,双弯均可获得良好的矫形效果、冠状面平衡和双肩高度差,但下方融合椎下位椎间盘开角较大。     

ANTERIOR SPINAL FUSION WITH TSRH INSTRUMENTATION FOR SCOLIOSIS

Objective. To introduce a new spinal internal fixation system, Texas Scottish Rite Hospital (TSRH), and to investigate its early clinical outcomes.Methods. The preliminary clinical outcomes of 15 patients with thoracolumbar or lumbar scoliosis treated by anterior spinal fusion with TSRH instrumentation were studied retrospectively. Fourteen patients were diagnosed as idiopathic scoliosis and 1 as neuromuscular scoliosis.Results. Preoperatively, the Cobb's angle on the coronal plane was 55. 8° (range 35° - 78°), and 14° postoperatively, with an average correction of 74. 8 %. The average unfused thoracical curve was 35. 9 ° preoperatively (range 26° - 51°) and 21. 8° (10°-42° ) postoperatively, with 40% correction. The sagittal curve of lumbar was kept physiologically, preoperative 27. 9° and postoperative 25. 7° respectively. The trunk shift was 13.4 mm (5 - 28mm) preoperatively and 3. 5 mm (0-7 mm) postoperatively. The averaged apic vertebra derivation was 47. 8 mm (21 - 69 mm) before operat     

Surgimap软件测量青少年特发性脊柱侧凸Cobb角的可行性研究

目的 探讨使用Surgimap软件测量青少年特发性脊柱侧凸（AIS）Cobb角的可行性与可重复性。方法 4名医师（1名副主任医师、3名住院医师）分别使用Surgimap软件和传统测量法对67例AIS患者术前标准站立位脊柱全长正侧位X线片的冠状位主弯Cobb角及矢状位胸椎后凸角（TK）、胸腰后凸角（TLK）、腰椎前凸角（LL）进行测量,记录并比较两种方法的测量时间。对4名医师使用Surgimap软件测量的结果进行一致性检验（可信度分析）,对3名住院医师两次测量结果进行观察者内一致性检验（可重复性分析）。结果 使用Surgimap软件和传统测量法测量的主弯Cobb角分别为49.4°±8.2°和41.4°±15.6°,两种方法测量结果的绝对平均差值为8.29°±4.36°;测量时间分别为（5.2±0.7）min、（8.8±1.5）min,测量时间差为（3.6±0.9）min,差异有统计学意义（t=2.57,P<0.01）。可信度分析显示,4名医师使用Surgimap软件测量冠状位主弯Cobb角和矢状位TK、TLK、LL均有极佳或好的一致性（组内相关系数分别为0.972、0.924、0.875、0.962）。可重复性分析显示,3名住院医师前后2次使用Surgimap软件测量冠状位主弯Cobb角和矢状位TK、TLK、LL均有极佳或好的一致性（组内相关系数为0.875～0.984）。结论 Surgimap软件测量Cobb角优于传统测量法,具有效率高、学习曲线短、数据可统一导出等优势。     

Factors as predictors for thoracic and thoracolumbar/lumbar structural curves in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis

Background Recent studies have demonstrated that the Lenke system is relatively efficient and consistent in classifying scoliosis curves. Basically, fusion should include the main curve and the structural minor curve. The criteria for defining the structural minor curve were established to help guide these decision-making process. The present study was designed to investigate predictors of the structural curve, and see whether it was possible to prevent the formation of the structural curve by interfering with influencing factors to decrease the fusion level.

Methods Age, gender, Cobb angle, Perdriolle rotation, Risser sign and the number of vertebrae included in the curve, brace treatment, and curve location were recorded in 145 idiopathic scoliosis patients from July 2001 to January 2007. The patients were divided into two groups: structural and non-structural groups. Demographics and baseline characteristics were compared between the two groups as an initial screen. Logistic regression was used to analyze factors affecting the minor curve to become the structural curve.

Results Compared with the non-structural group, the structural group had a higher Cobb angle ((51.34±13.61)° vs. (34.20±7.21)°, P <0.001), bending angle ((33.94±9.92)° vs. (8.46±5.56)°, P <0.001) and curve rotation ((23.25±12.86)° vs. (14.21±8.55) °, P <0.001), and lower flexibility ((33.48±12.53)% vs. (75.50±15.52)%, P <0.001). There was no significant difference in other parameters between the two groups. The results of the Logistic regression analysis showed that the Cobb angle (OR: 9.921, P <0.001) and curve location (OR: 4.119, P=0.016) were significant predictors of structural curve in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Every 10° change of Cobb angle increased the possibility of turning the minor curve into the structural curve by 10-fold. And thoracic curve showed, on the average, the possibility of becoming the structural curve about 4-fold more often than did the thoracolumbar/lumbar curve.

Conclusions Curve severity and curve location affect the minor curve’s structural features in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.

     

Chiari畸形合并脊柱侧凸患者的胸椎后凸与椎体旋转有关

目的 本文拟通过分析冠状面弯度匹配而矢状面TK存在较大差异的AIS患者和Chiari畸形合并脊柱侧凸患者,来研究Chiari畸形合并脊柱侧凸患者胸椎后凸与椎体旋转的相关性。方法 回顾性分析2017年7月至2019年7月于南京鼓楼医院行EOS影像摄片的患者。根据主胸弯Cobb角、顶椎节段等进行配对,其中AIS组选取TK减小者入组,而Chiari组则选取存在明显TK的患者入组;现共12对冠状面弯度匹配而胸椎后凸不同的AIS及chiari患者被纳入研究。分别对其摄EOS全身影像并进行三维重建,在EOS三维重建影像上得到每个椎体的旋转角度及胸椎后凸角,并计算主胸弯平均椎体旋转(MTR)。通过相关系数分析来比较正常AIS组和Chiari组患者的影像学参数差异情况。结果 共有24名患者(12对)纳入本次研究。其中AIS组男4例,女8例,Chiari组男5例,女7例;平均年龄分别为：(15.29 VS 21.14,p=0.42);在矢状面,AIS组TK平均为9.50°,而Chiari组平均TK则为36.58°。两组患者平均主弯区椎体旋转存在显著差异,Chiari组的患者的MTR显著小于AIS组(-0.84 °VS.5.14°, p=0.042),且TK与MTR之间存在显著相关性(r=0.821, p=0.023)。 结论 通过对Chiari及AIS患者的三维分析,本研究发现在相同冠状面的条件下,Chiari畸形患者较大的后凸可能是由于椎体的旋转所造成。提示脊柱外科医生在关注Chiari患者冠状面矫形的同时需要关注矢状面的旋转。     

青少年胸腰段半脊椎单纯后路切除的安全有效性分析

目的探讨避免手术并发症评价单纯后路切除胸腰段半椎体治疗青少年先天性脊柱侧后凸畸形的安全性和有效性。方法单纯后路胸腰段半脊椎切除治疗28例青少年先天性脊柱侧后凸畸形。其中12例半脊椎位于T12,10例半脊椎位于L1,6例半脊椎位于T11。Cobb角测量后凸角度平均75°,侧凸角度平均48℃。病人平均年龄14岁,其中男性19例,女性9例。所有病例均采用单纯后路半脊椎切除、椎弓根内固定系统矫形固定。分析本组资料术中操作的可行性、手术时间、出血量、术中术后并发症和畸形的矫正。结果平均手术时间3．7 h,失血量平均900 ml。2例术中出现血气胸,其中1例经伤口引流愈合,另1例术后置胸腔管引流1周愈合。1例病人术中出现脑脊液漏,术后自然愈合。1例术后出现一过性单侧肋间神经痛,未经任何治疗1周后消失;并发症发生率为14％。所有病例未出现早期或晚期脊髓损伤症状和伤口感染。平均随访3．5年,所有病例均获得骨性融合。在最后随访时,Cobb角测量后凸角度平均19°,侧凸角度平均14°,所有病例躯干平衡。结论单纯后路切除胸腰段半脊椎治疗先天性脊柱侧后凸畸形操作性强,同前后路联合手术比较,缩短了手术时间,明显减轻了手术创伤,矫形效果好,无严重神经损伤或其他严重并发症。     

多孔中空椎弓根螺钉骨水泥加强固定治疗合并骨质疏松症的腰椎退变性侧凸

目的：探讨应用多孔中空椎弓根螺钉（cement injectable cannulated pedicle screws,CICPs）骨水泥加强固定治疗合并骨质疏松症的腰椎退变性侧凸的有效性和安全性。方法： 回顾性队列研究2014年10月至2015年12月期间北京大学第一医院骨科治疗腰椎退变性侧凸Lenke silva分级Ⅲ级或Ⅳ级合并骨质疏松症的手术病例,比较多孔中空椎弓根螺钉骨水泥加强固定病例和常规手术病例在腰椎退变性侧凸减压矫形固定融合手术中的临床效果和安全性。术后１个月、６个月和1年各随访一次,采用腰痛视觉模拟评分（visual analog scale, VAS）和下肢痛VAS评定临床症状改善情况,采用Oswestry功能障碍指数（Oswestry disability index, ODI）评分和欧洲五维健康量表(EuroQol 5 dimensions,EQ 5D)评定术后功能改善情况。拍摄腰椎正侧位Ｘ线片、动力位Ｘ线片和脊柱全长正侧位X线片,测定冠状位侧弯Cobb角、矢状位胸椎后凸、腰椎前凸Cobb角以及矢状位平衡距离(sagittal vertical axis, SVA), 评估手术节段的融合情况。结果： 共入组34例病例,其中CICPs组15例,对照组19例,两组病例的一般资料包括年龄、性别比例、体重、身高、体重指数、骨密度T值差异均无统计学意义;CICPs组平均骨水泥加强(5.7±2.2)枚螺钉,手术时间、术中出血量和术中输血量CICPs组高于对照组,但差异无统计学意义。临床效果评定中,两组病例术后1个月、术后6个月、术后1年腰痛VAS评分、下肢痛VAS评分、ODI评分和EQ 5D量表同术前相比均明显降低;组间比较,腰痛VAS评分术后6个月(CICPs组3.1±1.3 vs. 对照组 4.4±1.4,P<0.01）和术后1年(CICPs组3.3±1.0 vs. 对照组5.2±1.4,P<0.01）,ODI评分术后1年(CICPs组22.7±17.2 vs. 对照组31.4±18.5,P<0.01）和EQ 5D量表术后1年(CICPs组2.9±2.0 vs. 对照组3.5±2.5,P<0.01）CICPs组要低于对照组。影像学参数评定中,两组病例腰椎侧凸的冠状位Cobb角术后1个月、术后6个月、术后1年同术前相比均得到明显纠正,矢状位腰椎前凸角和胸椎后凸角术后1个月、术后6个月、术后1年同术前相比较术前均显著增加,组间比较,腰椎侧凸的冠状位Cobb角术后1年CICPs组要明显低于对照组(CICPs组17.6°±6.9° vs.对照组21.2°±7.2°,P<0.01）,腰椎前凸角术后6个月(CICPs组-33.5°±8.8° vs.对照组-28.9°±8.3°,P<0.01）和术后1年(CICPs组-33.0°±8.1° vs.对照组-26.3°±7.4°,P<0.01）,胸椎后凸角术后1年CICPs组要明显高于对照组(CICPs组26.4°±8.1 °vs.对照组22.1°±7.3°,P<0.01）。结论： 多孔中空椎弓根螺钉骨水泥加强固定治疗合并骨质疏松的腰椎退变性侧凸安全有效,短期临床效果满意。     

先天性挛缩蜘蛛指畸形六例临床分析

目的 探讨先天性挛缩蜘蛛指畸形的临床诊断和治疗方法.方法 先天性挛缩蜘蛛指畸形患者6例,男1例,女5例;年龄:5～14岁,平均7.5岁.临床表现为类马凡体形、关节屈曲畸形、脊柱侧后凸畸形、肌肉发育不全,四肢肌肌力明显低于正常;外耳廓的畸形,通常为外耳廓上半部分出现皱折.皆合并脊柱侧后凸,其中2例侧后凸于胸段,4例于胸腰段,侧凸Cobb角:85～117°,平均88.6°;后凸Cobb角:75～123°,平均93.6°.分子基因学部分(75%)表现为原纤维蛋白-2基因位点有基因突变.皆用椎弓根钉棒系统或椎板钩行后路手术矫形,其中4例行Smith-Petersen截骨矫正后凸.结果 术后侧凸Cobb角:35～52°,平均37.6°后凸Cobb角:28～54°,平均38.6°.4例得到随访,约6～9个月,平均7.8个月;2例失访.3例骨融合良好,1例术后螺钉拔出并有神经根损伤,行翻修术改用椎板钩后缓解.躯体外观和肺功能明显改善.结论 先天性挛缩蜘蛛指畸形特有的临床表现为脊柱侧后凸Cobb角度大、僵硬,椎弓根发育细小,椎弓根植入困难,后凸多需截骨矫形.要注意与马凡综合征、Stickler综合征、高胱氨酸尿症和Distal arthrogryposis等的鉴别诊断,尤其是与马凡综合征的鉴别诊断.     

后路顶点经椎弓根截骨术治疗重度僵硬性脊柱侧后凸畸形

目的 评价后路顶点经椎弓根截骨术治疗重度僵硬性脊柱侧后凸畸形的安全性和早期临床治疗效果.方法 回顾性分析12例行后路顶点经椎弓根截骨术治疗重度僵硬性脊柱侧后凸畸形患者的术前、术后及随访时的X光像,对侧凸Cobb角、后凸Cobb角、躯干平衡等进行测量和分析.复习手术记录和病历,记录围手术期并发症.结果 本组患者12例,男4例,女8例,平均年龄20.1(9～57)岁,其中成人脊柱侧凸2例,先天性脊柱侧后凸畸形10例.平均随访9.2个月.融合固定节段平均12个节段.手术时间平均5.0 h,术中出血量平均1517 ml,回输自体血平均780 ml,异体输血平均1109 ml.手术前后主弯冠状面Cobb角分别为100.9°和48.8°,平均矫正率51.8%(P=0.000).节段性后凸Cobb角分别为81.7°和42.2°,平均矫正率为49.8%(P=0.000).随访时主弯冠状面Cobb角及节段性后凸Cobb角分别为50.7°和46.0°,矫形无明显丢失(P=0.763,P=0.698).手术前、后及随访时冠状面躯干平衡分别为16.3、14.7和12.0mm,随访时仅1例发生冠状面躯干失平衡(22 mm).2例患者出现一过性的下肢单侧肢体麻木、无力,获完全恢复.所有患者均无脊髓损伤.结论 后路顶点经椎弓根截骨术是矫正重度僵硬性脊柱侧后凸畸形的安全方法 ,早期结果 令人满意.     

胸腰段骨折经椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗40例

目的探讨和分析经椎弓根内固定系统治疗胸腰椎骨折的临床作用及疗效。方法2004年6月至2006年12月对40例胸腰椎骨折行后路椎弓根内固定,半椎板或全椎板切除减压,随访18~30个月。结果所有患者术后伤椎高度恢复,Cobb角改善,随访中未见椎体高度丢失和Cobb角改变;36例Franke1分级获得不同程度提高。结论在把握手术时机与适应证的前提下,后路椎弓根内固定手术可有效恢复椎体高度,重建脊柱稳定,改善脊髓神经功能。     

Lenke 2型特发性脊柱侧凸三维矫形手术的有限元模拟

目的 利用建立的Lenke 2型青少年特发性脊柱侧凸(adolescent idiopathic scoliosis,AIS)三维有限元模型,分别仿真模拟前路、后路手术矫形操作,探讨其最佳手术方案。方法 建立Lenke 2型AIS的有限元模型,分别模拟前路和后路共5种不同的矫形方案,比较不同手术方案的矫形效果和双肩平衡参数的变化。结果 5种不同矫形方案有限元模拟术后的上胸弯冠状面Cobb角和矫形率分别为:21.5(44.8%)、26.5(32.1%)、28.1(27.9%)、34.1(12.5%)、32(17.9%),各矫形方案的主胸弯矫正率无明显差别。胸椎矢状面生理后凸得以维持。5种矫形方案术后各双肩平衡影像学参数较术前有所升高,除方案A(上端固定椎为T2)外,其余各方案的喙突高度差均＞9 mm,锁骨角均＞2.5°,锁骨倾斜角差均＞4.5°。结论 对于左肩高的含结构性上胸弯Lenke 2型AIS,上端固定椎选择T2且完全融合上胸弯,可取得上胸弯、主胸弯良好的三维矫形和双肩平衡。部分融合上胸弯(上端固定椎为T3、T4),上胸弯的矫正率稍差,术后容易出现轻度到中度双肩失平衡。前路或后路选择性胸主弯融合,难以恢复上胸弯的正常脊柱序列,术后会导致轻度到中度双肩失平衡。     

Quadrant 通道下伤椎置钉固定治疗胸腰椎骨折的效果及安全性

目的探讨Quadrant通道下伤椎置钉固定治疗胸腰椎骨折的效果及安全性。方法选择河源市人民医院2012年11月～2013年11月收治的胸腰椎骨折患者60例,随机分为观察组和对照组,每组各30例。观察组采用Quadrant通道下伤椎置钉固定,对照组采用传统跨节段椎弓根螺钉固定。观察并比较两组手术时间和术中出血量。以及治疗前后腰椎功能JOA评分、伤椎前后缘高度比、后凸畸形Cobb角、疼痛VAS评分、Frankel脊髓神经功能障碍分级情况。结果经随访,观察组患者骨折均愈合良好,未出现任何并发症,对照组有2例发生切口感染,3例出现内固定失败。手术时间和术中出血量方面,观察组均显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（均P〈0．05）。两组治疗前腰椎功能JOA评分、伤椎前后缘高度比、后凸畸形Cobb角、疼痛VAS评分差异均无统计学意义（均P〉0．05）;治疗后,两组在疼痛VAS评分方面差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,腰椎功能JOA评分、伤椎前后缘高度比、后凸畸形Cobb角差异均无统计学意义（均P〉0．05）。观察组在Frankel脊髓神经功能障碍分级方面的改善情况显著优于对照组（均P〈0．05）。结论采用Quadrant通道下伤椎置钉固定来治疗胸腰椎骨折,手术时间短,术中出血量少,能有效缓解患者的腰背部疼痛症状,且并发症较少,值得临床大力推广。