乳腺癌前哨淋巴结活检的临床意义

目的:评价应用蓝染料示踪剂识别乳腺癌前哨淋巴结(sentinellymphnode,SLN)的可行性和SLN预测腋窝淋巴结(axillarylymphnode,ALN)转移的准确性。方法:应用亚士蓝对43例临床腋窝淋巴结阴性的乳腺癌患者进行SLN定位和活检术。结果:38例找到SLN,SLN检出率88.4%。SLN的成功定位与患者的年龄有关。SLN预测ALN状态的准确率94.7%,假阴性2例。结论:蓝染料示踪法定位乳腺癌SLN是成功率较高的方法,且操作简单、花费少;SLN活检能够准确预测腋窝淋巴结的转移状况。在将来治疗腋淋巴结阴性乳腺癌中,这一技术可以免除患者接受不必要的腋淋巴结清扫术。     

乳腺癌前哨淋巴活检的临床应用价值

目的探讨前哨淋巴结(sentined lympy node,SLN)定位和活检(SLNB)及其对预测乳腺癌腋窝淋巴结(axillary lymph node,ALN)转移的准确性.方法对46例临床检查及B超检测腋窝淋巴结阴性的乳腺癌患者,术中在肿瘤周围或活检腔的正常乳腺组织皮下注射美蓝,进行SLN定位和活检.对常规病理检查阴性的SLN再行免疫组化检测.结果SLNB的检出成功率为93.5%(43/46),准确率为95.4%,假阴性率为6.3%,敏感度为93.8%,特异度为100%.结论用美蓝作SLN定位进行SLNB能准确预测乳腺癌腋窝淋巴结(ALN)转移状态.     

美蓝染料法示踪早期乳腺癌前哨淋巴结50例临床观察

目的 :探讨使用美蓝染料法示踪和定位乳腺癌前哨淋巴结(sentinel lymph node,SLN)的可行性和预测乳腺癌腋窝淋巴结(axillary lymph node,ALN)转移的准确性。方法:对50例临床早期乳腺癌患者(0～Ⅱ期)在乳晕下及肿瘤周围皮下注射蓝色染料美蓝来示踪和定位SLN,行淋巴结活检和清扫,病理检查并分析结果。结果:成功检出SLN 47例,检出率94.0%(47/50),本组准确率为93.6%(44/47),假阴性率为9.4%(3/32),假阳性率为0。结论:使用国产染料美蓝示踪和定位乳腺癌SLN是可行的,能较准确地反应ALN的情况,并减少手术创伤。     

乳腺癌前哨淋巴结活检对腋窝淋巴结转移的临床意义

目的　评价前哨淋巴结活检 (SLND)对预测乳腺癌腋窝淋巴结转移 (ALN)的价值。方法　本组 30例原发乳腺癌患者 ,术前ALN阴性 ,术中注入美蓝 ,前哨淋巴结活检 ;随后行腋窝淋巴结清扫 (ALND) ,术后行SLND、ALN连续病理切片检查。结果　 30例患者中 ,2 9例检测到SLN ,其中 2 8例的SLN可准确预测腋窝淋巴结转移 (ALNM)状态 ;假阴性率 11 1% ,总敏感性是 88 9% ,准确性是 96 6 %。结论　应用美蓝淋巴结定位方法进行SLND可以准确预测原发乳腺癌患者腋窝淋巴结转移的状态     

乳腺前哨淋巴结活检的临床价值

目的 探讨前哨淋巴结活检在乳腺癌治疗中的临床价值。方法 对58例确诊的乳腺癌患考进行前哨淋巴结活检(sentinel lymphatic node biopsy,SLNB)和腋窝淋巴结切除术(axillary lymph node dissection,ALND)。乳腺前哨淋巴结(sentinel lymphatic node,，SLN)用活性染料异硫蓝标记。SLN经常规苏木精和伊红(HE)染色和连续病理切片检查。结果 58例中有50例发现有前哨淋巴结，鉴别成功率86．2％，20例39个前哨淋巴结癌转移，SLN及腋窝淋巴结(axillary lymph node dissection,ALN)均末转移29例，SLN转移、ALN末见转移0例，SLN及ALN均见转移20例，SLN假阴性1例。常规病理切片阴性的SLN经过连续多层面切片1例见微小转移灶。结论 SLNB对于发现乳腺癌腋下淋巴转移有较高的敏感性，是一种有效、准确的评价腋窝淋巴结转移的方法。     

乳腺癌前哨淋巴结的临床病理意义

目的:探讨乳腺癌淋巴结勘测性前哨淋巴结活检对于临床病理的意义.方法:对54例 T1及T2浸润性乳腺癌患者实行勘测性前哨淋巴结切除术(sentinel lymph node dissec tio n, SLND)和腋窝淋巴结切除术(axillary lymph node dissection, ALND).T1肿瘤直径< 2 cm,T2肿瘤直径2～5 cm.乳腺癌前哨淋巴结(sentinel lymph node,SLN)的勘测用活性蓝示踪法识别.SLN经常规苏木精和伊红(hematoxylin and eosin,HE)染色、病理分析及连续多层切片检查.结果:54例T1及T2浸润性乳腺癌100%发现前哨淋巴结,共切除168个,1 5例29个前哨淋巴结见癌转移,SLN及腋窝淋巴结(axillary lymph node,ALN)均未转移38 例,SLN癌转移、ALN未见转移5例,SLN及ALN均见转移10例,SLN假阴性1例.常规病理检查阴性的SLN经过连续多层面切片1例发现微小转移灶.结论:SLND对于发现乳腺癌腋下转移有高的敏感性,是一个有用的、准确评价腋窝淋巴结转移的方法.     

乳腺癌前哨淋巴结微转移的检测价值分析

目的 探讨临床上对乳腺癌前哨淋巴结（sentinel lymph node,SLN）微转移的检测方法,并分析评价其临床意义。方法 选择广州医科大学附属第二医院收治的92例乳腺癌患者作为研究对象,患者体检均无腋窝淋巴结肿大,术中对患者进行美蓝染料的注射,注射部位在原发肿块周围,将染色的淋巴结分离出送去活检,分析分离出的SLN和原发肿块的位置关系,将SLN与腋窝淋巴结（ALN）活检情况进行对比。结果 92例患者中检查出SLN的病例有81例,检出率达到88.0%（81/92）,准确性90.1%（73/81）,假阴性率9.9%（8/81）。结论 对所有乳腺癌患者进行前哨淋巴结活检,检出率和准确性均较高,能够准确的反应腋窝淋巴结的转移和受侵润的情况,所以美蓝染色SLN活检的方法值得在临床上推广使用。     

蓝染料法乳腺癌前哨淋巴结活检的应用价值

目的研究蓝染料法在乳腺癌前哨淋巴结（sentinel lymph node，SLN）活检的应用价值。方法95例期乳腺癌患者，采用亚甲蓝为示踪剂行SLN定位活检，继行腋窝淋巴结清扫，对SLN和非SLN淋巴结分别病理检查。结果SLN检出成功率为97．89％（93／95）；准确性为97．85％（91／93）；灵敏性为91．67％（22／24）：假阴性率为8．33％（2／24）；特异性为100％（71／71）。结论蓝染料乳晕区皮下注射SLN定位活检方法的成功率高，能较准确地预测腋窝淋巴结状态。     

人乳腺珠蛋白信使RNA聚合酶联反应检测乳腺癌前哨淋巴结微转移

目的应用RT-PCR法检测乳腺癌前哨淋巴结(sentinel lymph node,SLN)中乳腺珠蛋白基因(human mammaglobin,hMAM)mRNA的表达情况。探讨乳腺癌SLN定位及其微转移检测的临床意义。方法对51例乳腺癌患者采用术中肿瘤周围和乳晕下注射专利蓝的方法定位SLN,检测SLN中hMAM mR-NA的表达情况。结果SLN定位成功率为76.47%(39/51);RT-PCR检测hMAM mRNA与常规病理检查方法相比,检测SLN转移的阳性率提高了20.51%,二者差异具有显著性(P<0.05)。结论hMAM mR-NA可作为标志物来检测乳腺癌SLN中的微转移情况,通过SLN定位和RT-PCR的联合应用,可明显提高乳腺癌SLN微转移的检出率,对预测腋窝淋巴结(axillary lymph node,ALN)的状态有着重要的临床价值。     

哨兵淋巴结活检在判断乳腺癌腋窝淋巴结转移中的临床意义

目的：研究哨兵淋巴结（sentinel lymph node,SLN)活检术（SLNbiopsy,SLNB)在判断乳腺癌腋窝淋巴结转移中的可行性及准确性,以指导cN0期乳腺癌淋巴结清扫范围。方法：本组选择临床检测腋窝淋巴结阴性的原发性乳腺癌患者64例,术中在原发肿瘤周围注射美蓝进行腋窝前哨淋巴结定位及前哨淋巴结活检,随后行腋窝淋巴结清扫（axillary lymph node dissection,ALND)。术后对全部淋巴结行常规病理检查。结果：64例患者有53例检测到前哨淋巴结,成功率82.8%,53例检测到前哨淋巴结中49例准确地判断了腋窝淋巴结转移状况（92.5%)。假阴性率13.8%,敏感性86.2%,特异性100%,阳性预测值100%,阴性预测值85.7%。结论：SLNB基本能准确地判断乳腺癌腋窝淋巴结转移状况。故能指导cN0期乳腺癌腋窝淋巴结清扫范围。     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Dr.Zhang Ren''''s Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

Luo Lingjie''''s Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性的影响

目的 探讨猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气(NCPAP)对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性(CK-MB)的影响.方法 选取呼吸衰竭早产儿80例,分为观察组和对照组各40例.对照组采用NCPAP给氧治疗,观察组给予NCPAP给氧联合猪肺磷脂气管内给药.观察两组患儿治疗前及治疗12h、24 h后PaO2、PaCO2、血氧饱和度(SaO2)、pH的变化情况,检测治疗前及治疗5d后血清CK-MB水平;评估两组患儿的临床治疗效果.结果 两组患儿PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2、pH比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其中观察组治疗后的PaO2、SaO2、pH均高于对照组,PaCO2则低于对照组.两组的PaO2、SaO2、pH均随观察时间延长而升高(P＜0.05),PaCO2均随观察时间的延长而降低(P＜0.05).观察组治疗有效率为87.5％,显著高于对照组的70.0％ (P ＜0.05).治疗5d后两组患儿血清CK-MB水平均较前降低(P＜0.05),且观察组明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 猪肺磷脂注射液气管内给药联合NCPAP可以显著降低呼吸衰竭早产儿CK-MB的含量,提高治疗有效率,起到很好的呼吸循环支持作用.     

Survey and practice of reporting quality of randomized controlled clinical trials on traditional Chinese medicine

Evidence obtained from randomized controlled trials （RCTs） has been generally accepted as the gold standard in the evaluation of clinical effectiveness. Readers need to understand the trial design, implementation, results, analysis and interpretation, so as to fully Jnderstand the results of RCTs. Thus, the investigators of RCTs have to report these items in a complete, accurate and clear manner. Since 1998, we have conducted several evaluations on the reporting quality of RCTs published in Chinese journals on traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and results have shown that there is an urgent need for higher quality RCTs on TCM.     

TCM Treatment of Ankylosing Spondylitis by Tonifying the Kidney and Strengthening the Governor Vessel

Ankylosing spondylitis is a chronic and progressive disorder with inflammation mainly involving the central axis joints. It mainly affects the cervical spine and the lumbosacral area, with the pathogenesis closely related to the kidney and the Governor Vessel (GV). TCM holds that the syndrome is deficiency in origin and excess in superficiality, which is due to insufficiency of the kidney, deficiency of GV, and blocking of the channels with the invasion of exogenous evil, leading to poor circulation of qi and blood and malnutrition of the bones, muscles and joints. The TCM method of tonifying the kidney and strengthening GV to regulate circulation of qi and blood and check the arthralgia pain should be adopted, with the Kidney-Tonifying and GV Strengthening Decoction (益肾强督汤) prescribed.     

IMPROVING P-gp EXPRESSION IN HUMAN MONONUCLEAR CELLS IN VITRO TRANSFECTED BY MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE-1 mRNA

CHEMOTHERAPY playsa greatrolein the treat- ment of malignanttumors,especiallyingynecolo- gicalones.But inanticancerchemotherapy,leuko-cytopeniaisfrequentlytheprimarydose-limitingsideeffect factor.Moreover,cancersarefrequentlychemoresistantbe-causeof overexpressionof P-glycoprotein(P-gp), which isencodedby multidrugresistancegene (MDR1 ) and detectableinup to50% ofhuman cancersand renderscellsresistancetoanticancerdrugs.The safetyand potentialtherapeuticbenefitof mdr1 gene transferredto h…