6-羟基多巴胺帕金森病大鼠模型的建立与评价

目的 探讨提高6-羟基多巴胺帕金森病大鼠模型成功率的方法 ,并从行为学、黑质多巴胺神经元形态学角度对模型进行评价.方法 取SD大鼠90只,将6-羟基多巴胺立体定向微量注射于左侧黑质区及黑质纹状体通路,观察大鼠的行为及黑质细胞形态学变化.结果 ①90只大鼠中经阿朴吗啡诱导后有64只(占71.1%)恒定转向右侧且结果 稳定,旋转圈数>210r/30min,被认为是成功的帕金森病大鼠模型;②除旋转行为外,部分大鼠还出现震颤、活动迟缓、嗅探、觅食、竖尾等异常表现;③随机选取10只不同时期的成功帕金森病大鼠模型,免疫组化下观察发现注射侧黑质区多巴胺能神经元较对侧明显减少(P＜0.001),电镜观察发现大鼠中脑黑质神经细胞普遍存在变性坏死及不同阶段的凋亡样改变.结论 用6-羟基多巴胺选择性损毁黑质多巴胺能神经元可较快建立稳定的成功率较高的类似于人类中晚期帕金森病行为和病理的大鼠模型,但在病程和行为学等方面同帕金森病人仍有许多差异.     

选择性毁损帕金森病大鼠模型的建立

目的探讨提高 6 -羟基多巴胺 (6 -OHDA)帕金森病 (PD)大鼠模型成功率的方法 ,并对模型进行评价。方法 :取SD大鼠 90只 ,将 6 -OHDA立体定向微量注射于左侧黑质区及黑质纹状体通路 ,观察大鼠行为及黑质细胞形态学变化。结果 :90只大鼠中经阿朴吗啡诱导后有 6 4只 (占 71.1% )恒定转向右侧且结果稳定 ,旋转圈数 >2 10r/ 30min ,被视为成功PD大鼠模型 ;免疫组化观察发现注射侧黑质区多巴能神经元 (NDN)较对侧明显减少 ,电镜观察发现其普遍存在凋亡及坏死样改变。结论 :用 6 -OHDA选择性损毁NDN可较快建立稳定的类似于人类中晚期PD行为病理的大鼠模型 ,但在病理和行为学等方面同自然PD病人仍有较多差异     

应用6-羟多巴胺建立鼠帕金森病动物模型的研究

目的：建立稳定的类似人类帕金森病病理改变的ＰＤ动物模型　。方法：于黑质致密部，黑质旁部及纹状体区等不同部位采用不同剂量神经毒素６－羟多巴胺注射，造成黑质多巴胺神经元不同程度损伤　。运用免疫组织化学方法，对各种不同程度损伤的帕金森病鼠黑质区和纹状体ＴＨ阳性神经元及神经纤维进行计数，并观察其与旋转行为，注射部位及剂量的关系。结果：（１）．　单侧黑质致密部６－羟多巴胺８μｇ注射，可以造成注射侧黑质区ＴＨ神经元９５％以上的缺失。（２）．　单侧黑质旁部６－羟多巴胺８μｇ注射，可以造成注射侧黑质区ＴＨ神经元７０％以上的缺失。（３）．　单侧纹状体区６－羟多巴胺三点注射，可造成注射侧黑质区ＴＨ神经元３０％～４０％的缺失　。结论：　６－羟多巴胺不同部位和不同剂量注射，可以建立模拟临床上不同病程时期ＰＤ动物模型，其症状稳定，为帕金森病的发病机制的研究，药物治疗及各种移植治疗提供了条件。     

纹状体内注射6-羟基多巴胺制作帕金森病大鼠模型

[目的]研究帕金森病(PD)大鼠模型的制作方法.[方法]采用单点双注法将6-羟基多巴胺(6-OHDA)立体定向注入到大鼠右侧纹状体,观察大鼠的行为变化和中脑黑质区的形态学变化.[结果]注药后2周,大鼠经阿扑吗啡诱导出现向健侧旋转行为,在2个月的观察中见旋转行为稳定.形态学观察结果示,损伤侧黑质区致密部和中脑被盖腹侧区内酪氨酸羟化酶阳性神经元数量明显减少.[结论]6-OHDA单针道双点法是制作大鼠PD模型的可行方法.     

培高利特对帕金森病大鼠保护作用的初步研究

目的 初步观察培高利特对大鼠黑质多巴胺神经元的保护作用，并探讨其可能的机制。方法 通过立体定位注射6—羟基多巴胺(6-OHDA)制作帕金森病大鼠模型，观察预先注射培高利特对阿朴吗啡诱发的旋转行为及受损侧黑质病理变化的影响。结果 大鼠持续注射培高利特7d后可明显减轻PD大鼠的旋转行为，并对抗6-OHDA所致只质多巴胺神经元的减少。而选择性D2受体桔抗剂氨黄酰基苯甲酰胺化合物(Sulpiride)可阻断培高利特的保护效应。结论 培高利特对多巴胺神经元具有保护作用，其机制可能与刺激多巴胺D2受体有关。     

帕金森病大鼠中脑腹侧被盖区多巴胺能神经元的改北

目的：探讨帕金森病（PD）大鼠中脑腹侧被盖区（VTA）多巴胺（DA）能神经元的改变.方法：20只3月龄Wistar雄性大鼠,随机分为模型组和对照组,每组10只.6-羟基多巴胺（6-OHDA）注射右侧黑质致密区（SNC）制作PD大鼠模型,腹腔注射阿朴吗啡后进行行为学观察;尼氏染色观察左侧中脑VTA神经元、酪氨酸羟化酶（TH）的改变;免疫组织化学ABC法观察其DA能神经元的改变并进行图像分析.结果：阿朴吗啡诱发PD大鼠模型异常旋转行为,尼氏染色见PD大鼠左侧中脑VTA有神经细胞肿胀、坏死等变化;VTA TH阳性神经元形态学改变,数量减少,与对照组相比,差异有统计学意义.结论：中脑VTA DA能神经参与PD模型大鼠的改变.     

大鼠帕金森氏病模型的建立

用Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大白鼠６４只，经微量注射６－羟多巴胺入右侧黑质区后，观察大鼠的行为和黑质及尾壳核细胞形态学变化。结果如下：①６４只大鼠中，３５只（５４．７％）恒定转向左侧且结果稳定，与帕金森氏病的症状相类似，被视为帕金森氏病旋转鼠模型。②在旋转鼠右侧黑质和尾壳核内，酪氨酸羟化酶样（多巴胺能）神经元和神经纤维末稍明显减少或消失，而左侧黑质和尾壳核内无明显变化。结果提示：６－羟多巴胺能选择性地损毁多巴胺能神经元及纤维末稍，从而建立稳定的帕金森氏病旋转鼠模型。     

6-羟多巴胺脑内注射制备帕金森病大鼠模型的研究

目的　通过向大鼠脑内单侧、双点、间隔注射 6 OHDA ,建立PD动物模型。方法　取SD大鼠 4 0只 ,随机分为实验组 35只和对照组 5只。实验组大鼠右侧黑质致密部和内侧前脑束注射 6 OHDA ,两次注射间隔一周 ,对照组大鼠注射人工脑脊液 ,观察经阿朴吗啡诱导后大鼠的行为及黑质DA神经元形态学变化。结果　①实验组有 2 3只恒定左转鼠且旋转圈数 >2 10r 30min ,被认为是成功的PD模型 ,占 6 7 7% ;有 1只动物死亡 ,占 2 9%。②对PD大鼠模型的免疫组化研究发现 ,注射侧黑质区多巴胺神经元较健侧和对照组显著减少。结论　利用向脑内单侧、双点、间隔注射 6 OHDA制备PD大鼠模型 ,结果稳定可靠 ,动物死亡率低 ,为PD动物模型的建立提供了新方法。     

偏侧帕金森病猴模型的评价

目的通过测定行为、纹状体多巴胺转蛋白、多巴胺及黑质纹状体多巴胺能神经元评价应用ＭＰＴＰ制备的偏侧帕金森病猴模型。方法经右侧颈总动脉注射ＭＰＴＰ制备偏侧帕金森病猴模型,应用９９ｍＴｃ－ＴＲＯＤＡＴ－１ＳＰＥＣＴ显像观察纹状体多巴胺转运蛋白功能;采用微透析结合高效液相一电化学法检测纹状体细胞外液多巴胺（ＤＡ）及其代谢产物（ＤＯＰＡＣ、ＨＶＡ）含量;免疫组化法观察黑质纹状体酪氨酸羟化酶（ＴＨ）阳性神经元及纤维。结果ＭＰＴＰ注射侧多巴胺转运蛋白密度低于未注射侧,左右侧纹状体感兴趣区的比值为１．１０～１．１８。与未注射侧相比,ＭＰＴＰ注射侧纹状体细胞外液ＤＡ、ＤＯＰＡＣ、ＨＶＡ分别降低７０％、３４％和３８％,黑质和纹状体ＴＨ阳性细胞及纤维为对侧的１０％～１５％。结论应用ＭＰＴＰ制备的偏侧帕金森病猴模型与人类早期帕金森病有一定的相似性。微透析和ＳＰＥＣＴ在体检测多巴胺转运蛋白和多巴胺是研究帕金森病的有效手段。     

单点注射6-羟基多巴胺成功建立帕金森病大鼠模型的实验研究

目的 探讨成功建立帕金森病（Parkinson＇s disease,PD）大鼠模型的快速有效方法.方法 将Wistar大鼠92只,随机分为实验组（80只）及对照组（12只）,采用脑立体定向术,实验组在大鼠右侧中脑腹侧被盖区（ventral tegmental area,VTA）注入6-OHDA,经阿朴吗啡（Apomorphine,APO）诱导表现为恒定左侧旋转且旋转圈数﹥210 r/30 min的视为成功PD大鼠模型,对照组则在脑部相应位置注入生理盐水.免疫组化法观察成功模型毁损侧黑质酪氨酸羟化酶（TH）阳性神经元的形态及数量变化.结果 （1）行为学检测：模型组与对照组手术后分别死亡2只及1只,实验组78只大鼠中36只左侧恒定旋转圈数﹥210 r/30 min,造模成功率为46.2%,并且维持时间长.（2）免疫组化：成功大鼠模型毁损侧黑质区TH阳性的神经元较对侧及对照组明显减少（P＆lt;0.01）.结论 大鼠中脑VTA单点注射6-OHDA制作PD大鼠模型,易于定位,操作简单,动物死亡率低,模型成功率较高,成本较低,是较快建立稳定PD大鼠模型的可行方法.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Dr.Zhang Ren''''s Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

Luo Lingjie''''s Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性的影响

目的 探讨猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气(NCPAP)对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性(CK-MB)的影响.方法 选取呼吸衰竭早产儿80例,分为观察组和对照组各40例.对照组采用NCPAP给氧治疗,观察组给予NCPAP给氧联合猪肺磷脂气管内给药.观察两组患儿治疗前及治疗12h、24 h后PaO2、PaCO2、血氧饱和度(SaO2)、pH的变化情况,检测治疗前及治疗5d后血清CK-MB水平;评估两组患儿的临床治疗效果.结果 两组患儿PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2、pH比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其中观察组治疗后的PaO2、SaO2、pH均高于对照组,PaCO2则低于对照组.两组的PaO2、SaO2、pH均随观察时间延长而升高(P＜0.05),PaCO2均随观察时间的延长而降低(P＜0.05).观察组治疗有效率为87.5％,显著高于对照组的70.0％ (P ＜0.05).治疗5d后两组患儿血清CK-MB水平均较前降低(P＜0.05),且观察组明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 猪肺磷脂注射液气管内给药联合NCPAP可以显著降低呼吸衰竭早产儿CK-MB的含量,提高治疗有效率,起到很好的呼吸循环支持作用.     

Acupuncture Treatment of Vomiting

CASE HISTORY A female patient, 46 years old, head of the foreign affairs department of a certain university in Beijing, paid her first visit on October 9, 2006, with the chief complaint of vomiting for one month. She got vomiting after meals in early September. Before that, she had discomfortable sensation in the stomach due to angry with others, but she didn't pay much attention. Later, it developed into vomiting after eating. After the vomiting, the discomfort would be relieved, but with slight hypodynamia. She was once diagnosed as having 'neurogenic vomiting'. Having taken some western and Chinese drugs, the above symptoms were a little bit improved, but she would have nausea upon eating and with regurgitation. Because of the fear for vomiting, she did not dare to have food intake, with body weight reduction of 6 kilos in one month.     

Qiu Baoguo''''s Experience in Treating Consumptive Syndromes after Radio-Chemotherapies

Radiotherapy and chemotherapy are the important modern medical therapies for malignant tumors,yet they can also bring about serious local and systemic toxic side reactions so to decrease the patient;'s life quality,manifested by a series of consumptive symptoms.Having engaged in the combined work of Chinese and western medicine for nearly 50 years,the research fellow Qiu Baoguo in Henan Provincial Academy of TCM has developed his unique views on the TCM study of consumptive syndromes.The author of this essay had once the fortune tO follow Dr.Qiu in clinic,and specially would like to introduce in the following Dr.Qiu's experience in treating consumptive syndromes after radio-chemotherapies for patients with malignant tumor.     

Insomnia Due to Deficiency of Both the Heart and Spleen Treated by Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Chinese Tuina

OBJECTIVE: To observe therapeutic effects of the comprehensive therapy of acupuncture-moxibustion and Chinese Tuina for treatment of insomnia due to deficiency of both the heart and spleen. METHODS: 92 cases were divided randomly into the treatment group (treated by acupuncture-moxibustion and Chinese Tuina) and the control group (treated by acupuncture-moxibustion). RESULTS: The therapeutic effect of the treatment group was obviously superior to that of the control group (the CHI2 test showed P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The comprehensive therapy of acupuncture-moxibustion and Chinese Tuina can give marked therapeutic effects for treatment of insomnia due to deficiency of both the heart and spleen.     

Survey and practice of reporting quality of randomized controlled clinical trials on traditional Chinese medicine

Evidence obtained from randomized controlled trials （RCTs） has been generally accepted as the gold standard in the evaluation of clinical effectiveness. Readers need to understand the trial design, implementation, results, analysis and interpretation, so as to fully Jnderstand the results of RCTs. Thus, the investigators of RCTs have to report these items in a complete, accurate and clear manner. Since 1998, we have conducted several evaluations on the reporting quality of RCTs published in Chinese journals on traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and results have shown that there is an urgent need for higher quality RCTs on TCM.