早期糖尿病肾病肾血流动力学的超声研究

糖尿病肾病日益增多 ,对早期糖尿病肾病肾脏改变的有效评价将有助于早期治疗。据此 ,本研究采用彩色多普勒超声评价该类患者的肾脏血流动力学改变 ,探索一种简单有效的评价方法。1　资料和方法1.1　研究对象　组 1为早期糖尿病肾病患者 (诊断依据为肾小球滤过率增加 ,微量蛋白尿≥ 2 0 μg/min,但 <2 0 0μg/min,有糖尿病史 ,并排除其他肾脏疾病 ) 2 1例 ,男性 16例 ,女性 5例 ,年龄 48～ 6 5 ( 5 5 .42± 4.6 0 )岁 ,病程 ( 6 .33±1.85 )年 ;组 2为糖尿病无肾病患者 2 0例 ,男性 15例 ,女性 5例 ,年龄 45～ 6 3( 5 4.95± 5 .0 5 )岁 ,病…     

糖尿病患者指腹及足背微区血流量的观察

应用激光多普勒血流仪动态观察了９例糖尿病患者的指腹和足背皮肤微区血流。结果显示：（１）糖尿病组上肢皮肤血流量及血流灌注波形与非糖尿病组相比无明显差异；（２）糖尿病组下肢皮肤血流只有７２．２％的微区呈现高、低灌流相灌注，明显低于非糖尿病组（１００％），且糖尿病组下肢血流高、低灌流相持续时间及两灌流相上升和下降时间均明显长于非糖尿病组。作者认为此变化是由于糖尿病患者下肢皮肤微血管病变发生后代偿性增加血     

糖尿病患者踝肱指数与峰值流速和多普勒血流波形相关性的研究

目的 探讨踝肱指数(ABI)、峰值流速(Vmax)及多普勒血流波形改变在评估糖尿病患者周围血管病变(PVD)中的价值.方法 用多普勒血管检测仪测定129例糖尿病患者ABI、Vmax,并观察其多普勒血流波形的变化.根据ABI值分为A组(ABI ≥0.9组,共97例) 和 B组(ABI<0.9组,共32例),测量身高、体重、血压、血糖、糖化血红蛋白、血脂水平.结果 B组的年龄、血压、病程高于A组(P<0.01),HDL、ABI、Vmax低于A组( P<0.05).Vmax与ABI显著相关(r=0.58, P<0.01).ABI与多普勒血流波形改变的一致性不高( Kappa=0.245,P<0.01).结论 在测定ABI时,应同时测定Vmax及观察多普勒血流波形改变来评估糖尿病患者下肢动脉缺血的情况.     

Ⅱ型糖尿病患者尿微量白蛋白排出与下肢血管病变的关系

目的:探讨Ⅱ型糖尿病患者尿蛋白排出量与下肢血管病变的关系。方法:采用高分辨率的彩超测量伴有不同程度白蛋白尿的Ⅱ型糖尿病患者股总动脉内膜—中层厚度(简称IMT值),扫查下肢动脉。选择45例糖尿病人分为三个亚组,尿微量白蛋白正常者为DM-A组,尿微量白蛋白组为DM-B组,大量蛋白尿组为DM-C组。另选择15例正常人作为正常对照组即D组。结果:伴微量白蛋白尿及明显蛋白尿的糖尿病病人其股总动脉IMT值大于尿白蛋白正常的糖尿病病人(分别为左:0.95±0.11mmvs0.82±0.12mm右0.94±0.12mmvs0.81±0.10mm,p<0.01左0.99±0.12mmvs0.82±0.1mm,右0.97±0.18mmvs0.81±0.10mm,p<0.01),尿蛋白正常的糖尿病人IMT值大于正常对照组(左:0.82±0.12mmvs0.69±0.11mm右0.81±0.10mmvs0.70±0.12mm,p<0.01)。多因素回归分析表明,2型糖尿病IMT增厚的危险因素与糖尿病的病程、总胆固醇水平、血压、尿微量白蛋白的排出相关。结论:伴白蛋白尿的糖尿病患者存在下肢大血管病变。     

2型糖尿病患者颈动脉粥样硬化的观察及其影响因素分析

目的:探讨2型糖尿病患者颈动脉内膜中层厚度(IMT)的变化及其影响因素。方法:病程在10年内的2型糖尿病患者88例为观察组,按病程不同分为病程≤5年组﹙41例﹚及病程>5年组﹙47例﹚,正常对照组86例。分别测定两组患者血糖、血脂、糖化血红蛋白(HbALC)、高敏C反应蛋白(HcRP)水平,同时检测其颈动脉内膜中层厚度及体重指数、腰臀比。比较两组间IMT值及斑块发生率,分析其影响因素。结果:2型糖尿病组餐后2h血糖(2HPG)、HbALC、血脂水平及HcRP均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05～0.01);2型糖尿病组颈动脉IMT值0.98±0.21mm较对照组0.63±0.15mm明显增大,两者相比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);病程≤5年组与病程>5年组相比较,HbALC、LDL-C、HcRP、IMT均显著增高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);2型糖尿病患者颈动脉IMT值与病程、年龄、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、餐后2h血糖、HbALC及HcRP均呈显著正相关(P<0.05～0.01)。结论:2型糖尿病患者颈动脉IMT值明显增大,与病程、高血糖状态、高血脂水平及血清HcRP显著相关。     

2型糖尿病患者主动脉根部顺应性对冠脉血流储备功能的影响

目的 探讨2型糖尿病主动脉根部顺应性对冠状动脉血流储备功能的影响。方法 选择2型糖尿病患者56例,其中 主动脉根部内径大于3.5cm者28例(A组),主动脉根部内径小于或等于3.5cm者28例(B组),冠状动脉造影正常的非2型糖尿病患者24例(C组)。用食道超声检测主动脉根部扩张度和僵硬度,同时检测冠状动脉血流储备。结果2型糖尿病组扩张度(D)为2.89±0.75(10~6cm~2/dgn),僵硬度(β)为5.35±2.83;对照组(C)组分别为3.48±0.94(10~(-6)cm~2/dgn),β值为6.54±2.61;B组分别为2.95±0.70(10~(-6)cm~2/dgn),5.13±2.45,两者比较均有显著性差异p<0.05。2型糖尿病患者D值与CFR呈显著正相关(r=0.373 p<0.05);β值与CFR呈显著负相关(r=-0.396p<0.0025);A组2型糖尿病患者主动脉根部内径与β值显著正相关(r=0.330 p<0.05)。结论 2型糖尿病患者存在不同程度的主动脉根部顺应性减退,导致冠状动脉血流储备功能的下降。     

老年冠心病患者生活质量的影响研究

目的:探讨影响老年冠心病(CHD)生活质量的相关因素。方法:对160例老年CHD的生活质量进行问卷调查,采用简明健康状况调查问卷(SF-36)对老年CHD生活质量进行评价。结果:病程≤10年组的SF-36总分为(73.54±9.86)分,病程10～20年组的SF-36总分为(53.42±6.17)分,病程≥20年组的SF-36总分为(23.21±3.52)分,三组间比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。无并发症组的SF-36总分为(81.82±9.18)分,合并1～2种并发症组的SF-36总分为(59.30±7.67)分,并发症数量≥3种组的SF-36总分为(25.68±3.35)分,三组间比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:并发症和病程是影响老年CHD患者生活质量的危险因素,对这两个因素加以重点评估和合理控制,可以提高老年CHD患者的生活质量。     

病情控制状况对原发性高血压冠脉血流储备影响的研究

目的 :探讨病情控制状况对原发性高血压冠脉血流储备(CFR)的影响.方法 :选取经CT或冠状动脉造影检查确诊各支血管管腔直径狭窄均<50%的患者210例,其中非高血压患者56例作为对照组,高血压患者154例.按照患者体检测量的血压水平高低,将高血压患者分为正常组(30例,血压水平控制得较好,收缩压/舒张压<120/80 mmHg)、达标组(71例,血压水平控制达标,120 mmHg≤收缩压<140 mmHg,且舒张压<90 mmHg)与未达标组(53例,血压水平控制未达标,收缩压≥140 mmHg和(或)舒张压≥90mmHg).统计分析四组患者CFR、脉搏波速度(PWV)等临床指标的差异,多元线性回归分析原发性高血压CFR的影响因素.结果 :(1)未达标组年龄(64.6±6.2)高于对照组(57.9±12.1)、正常组(59.4±10.6)和达标组(60.6±9.5).(2)未达标组(9.4±1.62)舒张末期室间隔厚度(IVST)高于对照组(8.2±1.3)、正常组(8.5±1.1)和达标组(8.6±1.5);未达标组(7.6±1.9)与达标组(7.3±2.1)的二尖瓣舒张早期血流速度E峰/二尖瓣环侧壁舒张早期运动速度E'峰(E/E')明显高于正常组(6.4±1.8)、对照组(6.1±1.6).(3)未达标组bPDV(0.28±0.09)高于对照组(0.24±0.05)和正常组(0.24±0.04).未达标组CFR最低(2.56±0.47),其次是达标组(2.81±0.51),正常组(3.23±0.72)和对照组(3.29±0.66)最高.未达标组PWV最高(12.96±1.51),其次是达标组(10.83±1.22),正常组(9.15±1.43)和对照组(8.92±1.24)最小.(4)高龄、PWV升高、血压控制差是CFR下降的危险因素.结论 :血压控制在120/80 mmHg以下、PWV水平下降、低龄有利于改善无明显冠状动脉狭窄的原发性高血压患者的CFR水平.     

腹腔镜下阻断子宫血流联合子宫肌瘤剔除术治疗子宫肌瘤76例临床效果探讨

目的 探讨腹腔镜下阻断子宫血流联合子宫肌瘤剔除术治疗子宫肌瘤的临床效果.方法 方便选取2015年1月—2016年12月期间该院收治的子宫肌瘤患者76例作为研究对象,采取抽签的方式分为实验组和对照组,每组38例患者,对照组患者采取腹腔镜单纯肌瘤剔除术进行治疗,实验组患者采取腹腔镜下阻断子宫血流联合子宫肌瘤剔除术进行治疗,观察并对比两组患者的手术时间、出血量、住院时间、排气时间、子宫恢复正常以及复发率等.结果 实验组患者的出血量(52.8±3.4)mL和住院时间(4.5±1.2)d明显小于对照组患者的出血量(81.2±5.3)mL和住院时间(6.8±3.1)d,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);实验组患者子宫恢复正常率94.7%明显高于对照组患者的81.6%,复发率2.6%明显低于对照组患者的13.2%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 腹腔镜下阻断子宫血流联合子宫肌瘤剔除术治疗子宫肌瘤的临床效果显著,具有一定的临床价值.     

即时血流测量技术在冠脉旁路移植术中的应用研究

目的:评价即时血流测量技术检测冠脉移植桥通畅性的应用价值.方法:在非体外循环心脏不停跳中行搭桥手术,术中应用即时血流测量仪测量移植桥流量,并对搏动指数和血流波形进行分析.结果:(1)不阻断竞争血流时无狭窄组和50%狭窄、75%狭窄组间的差异有统计学意义.无狭窄组和33%狭窄组血流波形是“舒张期优势型”,两组搏动指数低于标准搏动指数(PI=5).随着狭窄的加重,50%狭窄组、75%狭窄组桥血流波形变成以收缩期为主,出现高而尖的收缩期波形,舒张期波形低平;搏动指数大于5·0.(2)阻断竞争血流后各组的桥血流量明显上升.阻断竞争血流后50%狭窄组血流波形改善为舒张期优势型,搏动指数降至(3·02±0·94);而75%狭窄组桥血流波形仍然以收缩期为主,收缩期波形高而尖,舒张期波形低平;搏动指数大于5·0.结论:即时血流测量在冠状动脉搭桥术中可检测出≥75%的狭窄.     

犬左右心室肌细胞L型钙电流不均一性的研究

目的测定犬左、右心室3层心肌细胞上参与离子流平衡的内向电流L型钙电流(ICa.L)的特性。方法经酶解分离获得犬左、右心室外膜下细胞、M细胞和内膜下细胞,应用全细胞膜片钳技术,记录并比较不同部位心肌细胞的ICa.L,分析电流-电压曲线。结果ICa.L的峰值电流密度(pA/pF)在右心室外膜下细胞、M细胞和内膜下细胞分别为:-4.896±1.907(n=31),-3.406±0.904(n=37)和-2.788±0.756(n=33),心外膜下心肌细胞与M细胞比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);在左心室分别为:-3.824±1.201(n=18),-4.854±1.485(n=20)和-2.988±1.082(n=17),3者之间两两比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。ICa.L的峰值电流密度在右心室心外膜下心肌细胞大于左心室(P<0.05),而右心室M细胞小于左心室(P<0.01),心内膜下心肌细胞左、右心室之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论ICa.L在犬左、右心室肌的不同细胞(外膜下心肌细胞、M细胞、内膜下心肌细胞)存在不均一性,导致右心室跨室壁的电不均一性较左心室明显。     

Detection of carboxyhemoglobin in patients with hepatic encephalopathy due to hepatitis B virus-related cirrhosis

Background  The heme oxygenase/carbon monoxide (HO/CO) system plays an important role in the development of hepatic fibrosis. The level of the HO/CO can be directly obtained by determining the carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) level. The aims of this study were to reveal the significance of COHb in patients with hepatitis B virus-related cirrhosis (HBC) complicated by hepatic encephalopathy (HE), and to further investigate the influence of the HO/CO pathway on the end-stage cirrhosis, hoping to find a reliable indicator to evaluate the course of HBC.

Methods  According to the diagnostic criteria, 63 HBC inpatients with HE were enrolled in group H. Patients regaining awareness with current therapies were categorized into group P-H. Comparisons were made with a control group (group N) consisting of 20 health volunteers. The levels of COHb, partial pressure of oxygen (PaO₂) and oxygen saturation (SaO₂) were determined by arterial blood gas analysis method. The incidences of hepatorenal syndrome (HRS), upper gastrointestinal bleeding, esophagogastric varices and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) in group H were recorded. COHb levels in different groups were compared, and the correlations of COHb levels with HE grades (I, II, III, and IV), PaO₂, SaO₂ and hypoxemia were analyzed.

Results  The COHb level in group P-H ((1.672±0.761)%) was significantly higher than that in group N ((0.983±0.231)%) (P <0.01), and the level in group H ((2.102±1.021)%) was significantly higher than groups P-H and N (P <0.01). A positive correlation was observed between the COHb concentration and the grade of HE (r_s=0.357, P=0.004). There were no significant differences of COHb levels between HE patients with and without complications such as esophagogastric varices ((2.302±1.072)% vs. (1.802±1.041)%, P >0.05) or the occurrence of SBP ((2.960±0.561)% vs. (2.030±1.021)%, P >0.05). Compared with HE patients with HRS, the level of COHb was significantly higher in HE patients without HRS ((2.502±1.073)% vs. (1.981±1.020)%, P=0.029). The COHb level had a negative correlation with PaO₂ (r=−0.335, P=0.007) while no statistically significant relationship was found with SaO₂ (r=−0.071, P >0.05). However, when the above two parameters met the diagnostic criteria of hypoxemia, the COHb concentration increased ((2.621±0.880)% vs. (1.910±0.931)%, P=0.011).

Conclusions  COHb is a potential candidate to estimate the severity and therapeutic effect of HE. The levels of COHb may be tissue-specific in cirrhotic patients with different complications.

     

己酮可可碱对实验性阻塞性肺气肿大鼠凝血纤溶系统的影响

目的观察实验性阻塞性肺气肿大鼠的凝血纤溶系统失衡状态及评价己酮可可碱(PTX)对实验性阻塞性肺气肿大鼠的防治效果,并探讨其机制。方法36只Wistar大鼠分为3组,正常对照组、模型组和治疗组(每组12只)。模型组、治疗组大鼠第1、14、28天经尾静脉注射内毒素3mg/kg,第2~45天(第14、28天除外)每日被动吸烟2次,每次12支,持续30min,两次吸烟之间间隔4h,大鼠模型制备过程共45d。PTX治疗组每天熏烟前30min腹腔内注射PTX15mg/kg,连续30d。实验结束后,观察各组大鼠的肺功能情况,用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定血清中肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素10(IL-10)、组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(tPA)、纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂-1(PAI-1)、血浆组织因子途径抑制物抗原(TFPI:Ag)的含量,发色底物法测定血浆抗凝血酶-Ⅲ(AT-Ⅲ)活性,并进行HE染色观察肺脏病理改变。结果模型组大鼠肺功能指标第0.2秒用力呼出容积占用力肺活量百分比(FEV0.2/FVC)与正常对照组(88.52±2.09)比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01,P<0.05);模型组大鼠AT-Ⅲ和TFPI与正常对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.01);模型组大鼠tPA和PAI-1与正常对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。经直线相关分析发现,模型组大鼠AT-Ⅲ与TNF-α负相关(r=-0.87,P<0.01);PTX组FEV0.2/FVC、TNF-α和AT-Ⅲ与模型组比较,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.01)。组织学观察显示模型组大鼠支气管管壁及周围大量的炎性细胞浸润;肺泡结构紊乱,肺泡腔扩大。PTX组炎性细胞浸润以及肺泡腔扩大情况较模型组减轻。结论采用熏香烟加尾静脉注射内毒素的方法,可成功复制大鼠阻塞性肺气肿模型。模型组大鼠肺血管内皮细胞受损,体内的凝血纤溶系统存在失衡状态,AT-Ⅲ、TFPI、tPA和PAI-1可能参与这一过程。PTX能阻止白细胞脱颗粒、抑制气道炎症,同时增强抗凝血酶-Ⅲ的活性、改善高凝状态,对大鼠阻塞性肺气肿的形成有一定的预防作用。     

Steady-state pharmacokinetics of zidovudine in Chinese HIV-infected patients

Background  The pharmacokinetics of zidovudine (AZT) are possibly influenced by weight, age, sex, liver and renal functions, severity of disease, and ethnicity. Currently, little information is available on the steady-state pharmacokinetics of AZT in Chinese HIV-infected patients. The current study aimed to characterize the steady-state pharmacokinetics of AZT in a Chinese set-up.

Methods  Eleven Chinese HIV-infected patients were involved in the steady-state pharmacokinetic study. In total, 300 mg of AZT, as a part of combination therapy, was given to patients, and serial blood samples were collected for 12 hours. The samples were measured by a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assay, and the results were analyzed by both the non-compartment model and the one-compartment model.

Results  The C_max of AZT in Chinese patients was higher than that in non-Asian patients. The half-life of AZT, analyzed by the non-compartment model (P=0.02), in male patients ((1.02±0.22) hours) was shorter than that of AZT in female patients ((1.55±0.29) hours). The AZT clearance, analyzed by the one-compartment model (P=0.045), in male patients ((262.60±28.13) L/h) was higher than that in female patients ((195.85±60.51) L/h).

Conclusion  The present study provides valuable information for the clinical practice of AZT-based highly active antiretroviral therapy in a Chinese set-up.

     

机械通气对急性肺损伤兔肺水肿影响的实验研究

目的研究不同潮气量联合不同水平呼气末正压(PEEP)机械通气对急性肺损伤(ALI)兔肺水肿的影响。方法用数字表法将36只新西兰兔随机分为正常对照(NC)组、ALI组、常规潮气量(15mL/kg)低PEEP(5cmH2O)(CVLP)组、常规潮气量高PEEP(10cmH2O)(CVHP)组、小潮气量(8mL/kg)低PEEP(LVLP)组和小潮气量高PEEP组(LVHP组)。以内毒素静脉注射建立ALI动物模型,经机械通气的4组动物分别给予不同潮气量联合不同水平PEEP机械通气4h。实验结束后取肺组织测定湿质量/干质量比值评价肺水肿严重程度。结果NC组、ALI组、CVLP组、CVHP组、LVLP组和LVHP组的肺湿质量/干质量比值分别为4.81±0.19、5.84±0.20、5.47±0.28、5.25±0.12、5.24±0.12和5.12±0.10,NC组低于其他各组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);ALI组高于各机械通气组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);LVHP组低于CVLP组,差异亦有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论机械通气能够减轻ALI肺水肿,小潮气量联合高PEEP机械通气减轻ALI肺水肿的作用更加显著。     

腰麻剖宫产术中布比卡因最小有效剂量探讨

目的探讨布比卡因腰麻用于剖宫产术的最小有效剂量。方法90例择期行剖宫产术的孕产妇,按数字表法随机分为3组,行腰麻-硬膜外联合麻醉(CSEA),分别在蛛网膜下腔注入0.5%布比卡因等比重液5 mg(A组)、6 mg(B组)和7 mg(C组)。记录各组注药至切除子宫的时间(I-D时间)、切子宫至婴儿娩出时间(U-D时间)和麻醉手术时间;观察各组麻醉阻滞平面、下肢运动阻滞评分(Bromage)、麻醉阻滞效果和硬膜外追加2%利多卡因情况;记录各组产妇在麻醉后仰卧、麻醉后5 min、麻醉后10 min、切皮、娩婴、探查、缝皮各时间点心率、血压、血氧饱和度的变化情况;记录新生儿Apgar评分及产妇胸闷、恶心、呕吐、牵拉反应等情况。结果B、C 2组手术时间分别为(43.30±11.50)min和(43.50±10.90)min,短于A组(51.20±12.8)min,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),但I-D时间、U-D时间3组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。A、B、C 3组的术前绝对阻滞平面分别为T7.75±1.71、T6.27±1.85和T6.21±1.42,B、C组明显高于A组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);A、B、C 3组的Bromage评分分别为2.07±0.77、2.41±0.63和2.81±0.49,C组Bromage评分明显高于A组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);A、B、C 3组的阻滞效果分别为(2.11±0.69)分、(1.24±0.44)分和(1.15±0.37)分,B、C组阻滞完善度优于A组(P<0.01);硬膜外追加2%利多卡因者A组(67.9%)高于B组(24.1%)和C组(11.5%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。麻醉后5 min收缩压、舒张压C组分别为(100.2±24.0)mmHg、(62.3±16.6)mmHg与A组的(110.2±12.2)mmHg、(70.7±10.3)mmHg相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。其他各时间点3组收缩压与舒张压间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。3组间各时间点心率、血氧饱和度和新生儿Apgar评分差异无统计学意义。C组的恶心和胸闷憋气发生率分别为38.5%和57.7%,高于A组的14.3%和7.1%和B组的13.8%和6.9%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论0.5%布比卡因6 mg为剖宫产术蛛网膜下腔注药的最小有效剂量。     

E_2、P、CRH在早产发病中的作用

目的观察妊娠晚期孕妇外周血中雌二醇(E2)、孕酮(P)、促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素(corticotropin-releasing hor-mone,CRH)的变化及其在早产发病中的作用和它们之间的相互关系。方法选取正常妊娠组孕妇60例,先兆早产组孕妇63例(早产组21例,继续妊娠组42例),采集外周静脉血分离血浆,用免疫化学发光法测定E2、P,放射免疫法测定CRH水平。结果1)妊娠晚期正常孕妇血中的CRH质量浓度随着孕周增加而逐渐升高,而血E2质量浓度无明显变化,P质量浓度31~32周达到高峰,之后明显下降。2)正常妊娠组和先兆早产组各孕周组间血CRH、P比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01),而正常妊娠组和先兆早产组妊娠29~30周和31~32周2个孕周组间血E2比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),妊娠33~34周和35~36周2孕周组间比较差异有统计学意义(分别为P<0.01和P<0.05)。3)早产组CRH、E2显著高于继续妊娠组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。早产组P显著低于继续妊娠组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论1)CRH可能是分娩发动的重要因素。2)CRH在早产发病中起重要作用,CRH的异常升高可能决定了分娩时间的提前。监测孕妇血CRH的变化有望成为预测早产的可靠指标。3)与E2相比,P在早产发动中发挥更重要的作用。     

Health Economic Benefits and Quality of Life During Improved Glycemic Control in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized, Controlled, Double-Blind Trial

Context.— Although the long-term health benefits of good glycemic control in patients with diabetes are well documented, shorter-term quality of life (QOL) and economic savings generally have been reported to be minimal or absent. Objective.— To examine short-term outcomes of glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Design.— Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel trial. Setting.— Sixty-two sites in the United States. Participants.— A total of 569 male and female volunteers with type 2 DM. Intervention.— After a 3-week, single-blind placebo-washout period, participants were randomized to diet and titration with either 5 to 20 mg of glipizide gastrointestinal therapeutic system (GITS) (n=377) or placebo (n=192) for 12 weeks. Main Outcome Measures.— Change from baseline in glucose and hemoglobin A_1c (HbA_1c) levels and symptom distress, QOL, and health economic indicators by questionnaires and diaries. Results.— After 12 weeks, mean (±SE) HbA_1c and fasting blood glucose levels decreased with active therapy (glipizide GITS) vs placebo (7.5%±0.1% vs 9.3%±0.1% and 7.0±0.1 mmol/L [126±2 mg/dL] vs 9.3±0.2 mmol/L [168±4 mg/dL], respectively; P<.001). Quality-of-life treatment differences (SD units) for symptom distress (+0.59; P<.001), general perceived health (+0.36; P=.004), cognitive functioning (+0.34; P=.005), and the overall visual analog scale (VAS) (+0.24; P=.04) were significantly more favorable for active therapy. Subscales of acuity (+0.38; P=.002), VAS emotional health (+0.35; P =.003), general health (+0.27; P =.01), sleep (+0.26; P =.04), depression (+0.25; P =.05), disorientation and detachment (+0.23; P =.05), and vitality (+0.22; P =.04) were most affected. Favorable health economic outcomes for glipizide GITS included higher retained employment (97% vs 85%; P<.001), greater productive capacity (99% vs 87%; P<.001), less absenteeism (losses=$24 vs $115 per worker per month; P <.001), fewer bed-days (losses=$1539 vs $1843 per 1000 person-days; P=.05), and fewer restricted-activity days (losses=$2660 vs $4275 per 1000 person-days; P=.01). Conclusions.— Improved glycemic control of type 2 DM is associated with substantial short-term symptomatic, QOL, and health economic benefits.      

Serum antibodies to 25 myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein epitopes in multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica: clinical value for diagnosis and disease activity

Background  Whether antibody to myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) can be a diagnostic marker for multiple sclerosis (MS) is still controversial. Recent studies suggested that serum specific anti-MOG epitope antibody might be an MS specific marker. However, these studies did not include neuromyelitis optica (NMO) which might be proven to also have anti-MOG antibody. Hence, the present study was undertaken to investigate the clinical value of serum antibodies to 25 MOG epitopes in conventional MS (CMS) and NMO.

Methods  Serum anti-MOG epitope IgG was detected in 61 CMS patients, 54 NMO patients, and 77 healthy controls, using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Results  Anti-MOG_27-38 IgG levels in both CMS and NMO patients were significantly higher than that in healthy controls (optical density (OD): 0.64±0.38, 0.48±0.23 vs. 0.19±0.09; P=0.000). CMS and NMO patients in relapse stage had significantly higher anti-MOG_27-38 IgG level than patients in remission stage (OD: 0.55±0.14 vs. 0.24±0.09, P=0.027).

Conclusion  Although serum anti-MOG epitope IgG could not differentiate MS from NMO, it may be a useful marker for monitoring disease activity.