浅快呼吸指数和呼吸功对撤机指导作用

目的研究浅快呼吸指数(f/VT)和呼吸功(WOB)对机械通气患者撤机的指导作用。方法选择机械通气并准备撤机23例慢性阻塞性肺部疾病患者,应用BICORE-CP100呼吸监测仪床边监测病人f/VT、WOB、潮气量(VT)、呼吸频率(RR)、每分钟通气量(MV)、最大吸气压(MIP)、氧合指数(PaO2/FiO2)及APACHⅡ评分,并将浅快呼吸指数、呼吸功值和常规撤机指标及APACHⅡ评分相互比较,观察其对撤机的指导意义。结果撤机成功16例,其中14例f/VT值≤100 bpm/L,2例f/VT值>100 bpm/L;12例WOB值<0.75 J/L,4例WOB在0.93-1.37 J/L之间。撤机失败7例中,1例f/VT值≤100 bpm/L,6例f/VT值>100 bpm/L;7例WOB>(1.86±0.51)J/L。撤机组f/VT、WOB于成功组相互比较有显著差异(P<0.05)。结论f/VT、WOB对撤机都有重要指导作用,但并非敏感指标,应考虑肺部基础疾病,结合临床综合指标更为可靠。     

呼吸功与气道闭和压对老年慢性阻塞性肺病撤机的指导作用研究

目的:探讨呼吸功(WOB)和气道闭和压(P0.1)对老年慢性阻塞性肺病患者撤机的指导作用。方法:选择老年慢性阻塞性肺病患者机械通气并准备撤机的28例患者应用BICORE-CP100呼吸监测仪床边监测病人WOB、气道闭和压(P0.1)及常规撤机指标潮气量(VT)、呼吸频率(RR)、每分钟通气量(VE)、最大吸气压(MIP)、氧合指数(PO2/FiO2)及APACH评分,观察撤机成功与失败呼吸功值和常规撤机指标及APACH评分相互比较。结果:撤机成功23例,WOB0.95±0.24J/L,其中15例WOB值<0.75J/L,8例WOB在0.94～1.39J/L之间,P0.1值0.24±0.05kPa。撤机失败5例WOB值1.92±0.47J/L,P0.1值0.46±0.07kPa。撤机失败组WOB、P0.1、RR、MIP、VE、PO2/FiO2、APACH评分均明显高于成功组(P<0.05),VT明显低于成功组(P<0.05)。结论:WOB和P0.1值对撤机都有指导作用,单一指标并非敏感,应结合临床综合指标更为可靠。     

呼吸机撤离指标的临床研究

目的　探讨浅快呼吸指数 (RVR)、气道闭合压 (PO 1)和呼吸功 (WOB)对机械通气患者撤机的指导意义。方法　对准备撤机的 80例患者分为急性呼吸衰竭 (ARF)组和慢性阻塞性肺病急性加重期 (COPD)组 ,在床旁监测呼吸频率 (RR)、潮气量 (VT)、每分钟通气量 (MV)、最大吸气压 (MIP)、气道闭合压 (PO 1)、气道阻力 (Raw)、顺应性 (Cst)和内源性呼气末正压 (autoPEEP) ;比较常规撤机指标 (RR、VT、MV、MIP)与RVR、PO 1、WOB对撤机的预测价值。结果　COPD组撤机成功组 :RVR 64± 2 2次min-1、L-1,PO 10 2 8± 0 0 8kPa ,WOB 0 45± 0 12J/L ;撤机失败 :RVR 91± 2 0 ,PO 10 47± 0 0 7,WOB 0 72± 0 0 8。ARF组撤机成功 :RWR 63± 2 1、PO 10 2 7± 0 0 5、WOB 0 3 8± 0 14 ;撤机失败 :RVR 81± 2 1、PO .1,0 40±0 0 8,WOB 0 0 64± 0 12。P值均 <0 0 5 ;三项指标作为预撤成功的诊断正确率、灵敏度和特异性分别为 79%、91%和68%。结论　RVR、PO 1、WOB在预测撤机结果上优于常规撤机指标。     

浅快呼吸指数对肺心病Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭无创机械通气病人撤机临床意义的评估

目的研究浅快呼吸指数(RVR,f/Vt)对慢性肺心病Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭无创机械通气病人撤机临床指导意义。方法对准备撤机慢性肺心病Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭患者床旁监测呼吸频率(RR)、潮气量(VT)、血氧饱和度(SpO2)、浅快呼吸指数(RVR),在无任何辅助呼吸支持条件下对符合撤机条件78例患者进行撤机,观察RVR值及其他值与撤机结果之间的关系。结果63例撤机成功组,RVR值为59.38±14.21次/((min.L);15例撤机失败组,RVR值为86.54±23.47分?(min.L),撤机失败组RVR值明显高于成功组,两者差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论浅快呼吸指数对慢性肺心病Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭机械通气病人撤机判断上有一定临床指导意义。     

Ti/Ttot和f/VT对COPD机械通气患者撤机的指导作用

目的:探讨Ti/Ttot(吸气时间分数)和f/VT(浅快呼吸指数)在COPD(慢性阻塞性肺病)机械通气患者撤机中的指导意义。方法:选择EICU(急诊重症监护病房)的43例COPD撤机患者,应用BICORE-CP100呼吸监测仪床边监测病人Ti/Ttot、f/VT和常规撤机指标VT(潮气量)、RR(呼吸频率)、VE(每分钟通气量)、MIP(最大吸气压),撤机成功组与撤机失败组指标评分进行相互比较。其中,RR、VT在SPT(自主呼吸试验)开始时测定,观察其对撤机的指导意义。结果:撤机成功组28例,Ti/Ttot 0.31±0.03,f/VT 92±12;撤机失败组15例,Ti/Ttot 0.38±0.01,f/VT 104±9。撤机失败组Ti/Ttot、f/VT、MIP、VE均明显高于撤机成功组,相互比较有显著差异(P<0.05);VT明显低于撤机成功组,相互比较有显著差异(P<0.05)。结论:Ti/Ttot和f/VT对撤机都有重要指导作用,但单个仍非敏感指标,对COPD患者应同时结合临床指标更为可靠。     

呼吸功能锻炼对COPD机械通气患者撤机的影响

目的:探讨呼吸功能锻炼对COPD机械通气患者撤机的影响。方法:将96例进行机械通气的COPD患者随机分为观察组与对照组,每组48例,两组患者均进行压力支持通气、呼气末正压通气及同步间歇指令通气,观察组在对照组基础上进行呼吸肌功能锻炼,主要包括举哑铃负荷呼吸功能锻炼及腹式呼吸锻炼。结果:观察组与对照组的HR分别为(82.3±11.9)次/min,(93.6±12.6)次/min,RR分别为(16.2±3.5)次/min,(21.2±3.6)次/min,PaO2/FiO2分别为(312.6±47.9)mm Hg,(286.5±52.8)mm Hg,平均撤机时间分别为(6.9±2.3)d,(8.4±2.2)d,撤机成功率分别为97.9%,85.4%。结论:呼吸肌功能锻炼可减少COPD机械通气患者的呼吸频率、心率,提升PaO2/FiO2水平,减少平均撤机时间,提升撤机成功率。     

脱机试验时应用膈肌浅快呼吸指数预测脱机的临床研究

目的通过应用膈肌浅快呼吸指数(D-RSBI)是否可以预测撤机成功。方法采用前瞻性观察研究,在自主呼吸试验结束时记录患者呼吸频率(RR)和潮气量(VT),并应用M超声测量评估右侧膈肌移位(DD),记录撤机的结果、机械通气时间,重症加强治疗病房(ICU)住院时间和ICU死亡率。依据撤机结果,分为撤机成功组和撤机失败组,采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析快速浅呼吸指数(RSBI,RR/VT)及D-RSBI(RR/DD)对撤机失败预测的准确性。结果纳入110例患者,其中撤机成功组为73例(66.4%),撤机失败组为37例(33.6%),撤机失败组患者的RSBI、D-RSBI均高于撤机成功组(P<0.01)。RSBI、D-RSBI预测撤机失败的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.78(95%可信区间0.69-0.87)、0.91(95%可信区间0.85-0.97),分别以69次/(L·min)、1.5次/(min·mm)为临界值,其预测撤机失败的灵敏度分别为55%、87%,特异度分别为89%、80%。结论D-RSBI比传统指标RSBI预测撤机失败更准确。     

浅快呼吸指数在吸入性肺炎合并急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者机械通气撤机中的应用

目的 探讨浅快呼吸指数(f/VT)在吸入性肺炎合并急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)机械通气患者撤机时的预测价值.方法 对52例吸入性肺炎合并ARDS患者达到临床撤机标准后,监测其浅快呼吸指数(f/VT).结果 撤机成功组(39例)f/VT平均为(75±23)bpm/L,撤机失败组(13例)f/VT平均为(110±18)b...     

COPD机械通气病人撤机参数分析

目的 研究闭合气道压(P0.1)、急性生理与慢性健康状况(APACHE)Ⅱ评分、血浆自蛋白(Alb)水平、浅快呼吸指数(RSBI)在慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)机械通气病人撤机时的指导意义.方法 对 126例符合临床撤机条件的COPD机械通气病人测定P0.1、APACHE Ⅱ评分、Alb水平、RSBI值,然后进行撤机试验,并观察上述指标与撤机结果之间的关系.结果 撤机成功组76例,P0.1值为(2.20±0.56)cmH2O、APACHE Ⅱ评分为22.3±2.7、Alb值为(33.4±4.9)g/L、RSBI值为(64.17±25.64)bpm/L;撤机失败组50例,P0.1值为(4.25±0.71)cmH2O、APACHE Ⅱ评分为29.8±3.2、Alb值为(26.5±8.4)g/L、RSBI值为(87.62±26.32)bpm/L.撤机失败组的P0.1值、APACHE Ⅱ评分、RSBI明显高于成功组("P＜0.05").撤机成功组的Alb值明显高于撤机失败组("P＜0.05").撤机成功组中,70例P0.1≤6 cmH2O,67例KSBI≤105bpm/L,6例P0.1＞6cmH2O,9例RSBI＞105bpm/L;失败组中,17例P0.1≤cmH2O,31例BSBI≤105bpm/L,33例P0.1＞6cmH2O,19例RSBI＞105bpm/L.以P0.1≤cmH2O,RSBI≤105bpm/L为标准,其预测撤机成功的灵敏度分别为92,11%、88.16%,特异度分别为66.0%、38.0%.结论 P0.1、APACHE Ⅱ评分、Alb、RSBI对COPD机械通气病人的撤机有一定指导意义.     

COPD机械通气病人撤机参数分析

目的 研究闭合气道压(P0.1)、急性生理与慢性健康状况(APACHE)Ⅱ评分、血浆自蛋白(Alb)水平、浅快呼吸指数(RSBI)在慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)机械通气病人撤机时的指导意义.方法 对 126例符合临床撤机条件的COPD机械通气病人测定P0.1、APACHE Ⅱ评分、Alb水平、RSBI值,然后进行撤机试验,并观察上述指标与撤机结果之间的关系.结果 撤机成功组76例,P0.1值为(2.20±0.56)cmH2O、APACHE Ⅱ评分为22.3±2.7、Alb值为(33.4±4.9)g/L、RSBI值为(64.17±25.64)bpm/L;撤机失败组50例,P0.1值为(4.25±0.71)cmH2O、APACHE Ⅱ评分为29.8±3.2、Alb值为(26.5±8.4)g/L、RSBI值为(87.62±26.32)bpm/L.撤机失败组的P0.1值、APACHE Ⅱ评分、RSBI明显高于成功组("P＜0.05").撤机成功组的Alb值明显高于撤机失败组("P＜0.05").撤机成功组中,70例P0.1≤6 cmH2O,67例KSBI≤105bpm/L,6例P0.1＞6cmH2O,9例RSBI＞105bpm/L;失败组中,17例P0.1≤cmH2O,31例BSBI≤105bpm/L,33例P0.1＞6cmH2O,19例RSBI＞105bpm/L.以P0.1≤cmH2O,RSBI≤105bpm/L为标准,其预测撤机成功的灵敏度分别为92,11%、88.16%,特异度分别为66.0%、38.0%.结论 P0.1、APACHE Ⅱ评分、Alb、RSBI对COPD机械通气病人的撤机有一定指导意义.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

Development on Adjustable Calibration Marker for Shock Wave Focus

Shock wave lithotripsy （SWL） is a treatment of choice for upper urinary stones. However, this procedure is inappropriate for obese patients because the focus is often unable to reach the target owing to the limited focal distance in shock wave source. Although treating such patients in a blast path may increase the application length of shock wave source, it＇s difficult to find this path on the lithotripter monitor. For this reason, we invented an adjustable calibration marker in order to set an effective focus in the shock wave hath.     

Study on the TCM Pathogenesis of Angiopathic Complications of Type II Diabetes

Excess production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)of mitochondrion mediated by hyperglycemia is the common pathogenesis of angiopathic complications of diabetes.TCM holds that the damp from the dysfunction of spleen.kidney and liver is the causative factor of complications of diabetes.This is similar to the mechanism of Ros resulting in angiopathic complications of diabetes.When the angiopathic complications of type II diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are difierentiated as caused by turbid damp in TCM can be explained as ROS.Since the obstruction of pathogenic damp in channels and collaterals is said to be the main pathogenesis,the treating principle should be dissolving the damp to remove the obstruction.     

Leptin, Ghrelin and TNF-α before and after Hypo-caloric Traditional Chinese Diet and Auricular Acupuncture

INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex emergent problem, which can be possibly solved not only by the diet but also by the life style and promotion of a constant physical exercise. 1, 2 No doubt careful attentions must be given to the nutritional condition of obese people, the dietary habits, the somatic build (i.e. distribution of fat mass) and the organic functions linked to formation of the fat mass. All the parameters should be constantly monitored before, during and after a diet treatment. 3, 4, 5     

Relationship between Dysglycemia and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Tibetan Population

People with dysglycemia are at high risk for atherosclerotic diseases. This study aims at investigating the atherosclerotic vascular damage in dysglycemia and its metabolic origin in Tibetan population.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF SERUM CYTOKINES IL-1β,sIL-2R,IL-6,TNF-α,AND IFN-v IN ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME

Objectives To explore serum cytokines levels (including IL-1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-v) and their significance in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and the subsequent follow-ups, with attempt to estimate the role of various serum inflammatory markers in the diagnosis and assessment of ACS.Methods The study population include 40 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), 40 patients with unstable angina pectoris (UAP), and 40 controls. Among the 80 patients, 60 patients attended a follow up 4 months later. Serum inflammatory markers including IL-1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-v were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.Results Serum IL- 1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α were significantly higher in AMI group or UAP group compared to the control group and became significantly lower 4 months later in the follow-up patients. Serum levels of IFN-v shows no significant difference between AMI group or UAP group and controls, also showing no significant change when measured in follow up patients. There was no correlation between serum creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme levels and serum inflammatory markers either in UAP or AMI group. Furthermore, when divided into two subgroups using Wagner's QRS scoring system in the AMI group, there is no difference of each serum inflammatory marker between ≤ 6 scores group and ＞ 6 scores group.Conclusion Serum levels of certain inflammatory markers may have some diagnostic value for ACS, and can be a useful marker reflecting disease stability.     

Possible Spread of adenovirus type 3 from poultry to humans ：indirect evidence from an outbreak in China

Objective:To explore the epidemiology and etiology for an outbreak of acute respiratory tract infection that occurred in one county of Jiangsu Province, China 2004. Methods: Only cases meeting the case definition were included in the study. We reviewed the medical records of the cases who were admitted to the local hospitals, interviewed cases by a standard questionnaire, and then described the epidemiotogic features and analyzed risk factors by means of a case-control study. We collected pharyngeal swab specimens and sent them to different laboratories for isolation and culture. The laboratory used different detection methods such as DIP, PCR, electron microscope examination and microneutralization assay, to identify and then type the positive specimens. Results:A total of 871 cases were reported during the period from April 18 to July 4,2004. The distribution of onset times presented two peaks, one in late May and another in middle June. The epidemic occurred mainly in the elementary and junior high schools in ten townships of one county, and the mean age of the cases was 12 years (range 7 months to 18 years). The course of the disease was acute, and was characterized by fever accompanied with sore throat and tonsillitis. The WBC count of cases was normal or elevated. The mean duration of illness was 5 days (range 2 to 12 days). No fatalities from illness were reported. A case-control study indicated that the possible risk factors were close contact with a case and/or poultry before onset and sharing of towels among members of the family. The typical CPE was observed through inoculating pharyngeal swab specimens into the HEP-2 cell cultures in different laboratories. An infection of adenovirus type 3 was verified by detecting positive specimens in different methods. Conclusion:This investigation demonstrated that the acute respiratory infection in cases was caused by adenovirus type 3. Cases occurred in over 70 schools in ten townships in 2004, and the route of transmission was possibly close contact with cases or droplet transmission.