5-单硝基异山梨醇酯缓释胶囊的人体药代动力学研究

目的:研究5-单硝基异山梨醇酯(5-ISMN)缓释胶囊的人体药代动力学和相对生物利用度.方法:采用毛细管气相色谱法测定口服40 mg 5-ISMN国产和进口缓释胶囊在健康人体内的血药浓度,以考察达稳态过程和稳态药代动力学特征.结果:连续口服40 mg 5-ISMN缓释胶囊至第4天,体内血药浓度基本达稳态水平.国产和进口缓释胶囊的稳态药代动力学参数如下:tmax为(4.8±0.6)和(4.8±0.9) h, cmax为(802.46±94.45)和(807.09±109.16)μg/L, cmin为(127.83±23.76)和(121.85±22.00)μg/L,AUCss为(8 114.7±1 393.4)和(8 174.8±1 219.7)μgh/L,cav为(338.12±58.06)和 (340.62± 50.82)μg/L, 峰谷波动度(DF)为(2.04±0.39)和(2.03±0.33).口服40 mg国产5-ISMN缓释胶囊的相对生物利用度为(99.07±5.45)％.结果表明5-ISMN国产和进口缓释胶囊的主要稳态药代动力学参数均无显著性差异.结论:两种制剂具有生物等效性.     

布洛芬混悬液人体相对生物利用度和药物代谢动力学研究

目的 :对国产布洛芬混悬液 ( A)与布洛芬片剂 ( B)进行人体药物动力学和相对生物利用度比较。　 方法 :10名健康受试者 ,采用随机自身交叉对照方法分别单剂量口服 30 0 mg布洛芬A药和 B药。布洛芬的血药浓度用作者建立的反相 HPL C法测定。血清样品用甲醇沉淀蛋白后离心上清液直接进样测定。布洛芬药时数据用 3P87程序拟合求算药物动力学参数。用 NDST- 7统计程序处理。　 结果 :布洛芬 A药和 B药的主要药动学参数分别为 :Ka2 .50± 0 .79h-1和 0 .72±0 .18h-1;t1/ 2 2 .15± 0 .4 6h和 2 .0 4± 0 .32 h;Tmax 0 .98± 0 .2 3h和 2 .78± 0 .62 h;Cmax 2 7.32±3.2 8mg/ L 和 19.93± 3.39mg/ L;AUC118.78± 2 8.32 mg/ ( L· h)和 110 .96± 2 4 .96mg/ ( L·h)。　 结论 :布洛芬 A药和 B药比较相对生物利用度为 10 7.16± 8.12     

国产罗红霉素胶囊的人体生物利用度和药代动力学

目的以法国罗赛尔公司生产的罗力得片为参比制剂,比较国产罗红霉素胶囊的人体生物利用度和生物等效性。方法选择10名男性成年健康志愿者,用自身交叉对照试验方法,分别单剂量一次口服罗红霉素胶囊和罗力得片两种制剂300mg,血药浓度采用微生物法测定。罗红霉素的血药浓度-时间数据用3p87程序处理得药代动力学参数。结果口服国产和进口两种制剂的血药浓度-曲线符合二室模型,Cmax分别为(7.59±1.43)mg/L和(7.54±0.93)mg/L;Tmax分别为(1.45±0.61)h和(1.32±0.42)h;T1/2β分别为(13.37±2.4)h和(13.65±1.06)h;AUC分别为每小时(98.89±14.85)mg*L-1和(98.28±19.49)mg*L-1。国产胶囊与进口片剂比较相对生物利用度为100.62%。结论经方差分析表明两种制剂的药代动力学参数间无显著性差异(P>0.05),经双单侧t检验,国产罗红霉素胶囊生物利用度与进口罗力得片比,具有生物等效性。     

雷贝拉唑在健康志愿者体内的药动学及生物利用度研究

目的:研究健康志愿者单次口服和静脉输注雷贝拉唑20 mg后药动学特征及生物利用度?方法:20名男性健康志愿者,随机分成2组?第1周期分别接受单剂量静脉输注20 mg(输注时间30 min)和单次口服给药(2片,10 mg/片);经7 d清洗期后,2组志愿者接受交叉给药?结果:雷贝拉唑静脉给药后药动学参数如下:t1/2为(62.4 ± 10.7)min,Cmax为(1 308.6 ± 266.4) ng/ml,总清除率为(0.21 ± 0.05)L/min,AUC0-τ和AUC0-∞分别为(99.6 ± 21.9) mg·min/L和 (102.4 ± 23.3) mg·min/L?口服给药后t1/2为(64.2 ± 15.5)min,Cmax为(508.3 ± 180.2) ng/ml,Tmax为229.5 min,Cl为(0.31 ± 0.10)L/min,AUC0-τ和AUC0-∞ 分别为(69.5 ± 20.0) mg·min/L和 (70.6 ± 20.2) mg·min/L?结论:雷贝拉唑在健康志愿者体内的生物利用度为70.1%,雷贝拉唑口服给药的总清除率显著大于静脉给药时的总清除率(P < 0.01)?     

国产美洛昔康胶囊与进口莫比可片的生物等效性研究

目的　研究国产美洛昔康胶囊的相对生物利用度 ,并与进口莫比可片作比较。方法　 2 4名健康男性志愿受试者随机交叉单剂量口服国产美洛昔康胶囊与进口莫比可片各 15 mg,采用高效液相色谱法测定血浆中美洛昔康的浓度 ,进行药代动力学研究及两制剂生物等效性评价。结果　对所得血药浓度 -时间数据用 3P97程序进行拟合 ,两制剂药 -时曲线均符合二室模型。国产美洛昔康胶囊与莫比可的 Cmax分别为 1.33± 0 .18mg/ L 和1.0 3± 0 .2 2 m g/ L,Tmax分别为 1.6 3± 1.76小时和 3.83± 1.31小时 ,T1 /2β分别为 2 7.91± 9.31小时和 31.2 5±17.17小时 ,AU C0 - t分别为 37.5 9± 9.39m g/ L× h与 35 .0 4± 7.2 2 m g/ L× h。以莫比可为参比 ,国产美洛昔康胶囊的相对生物利用度为 10 7.6 %± 16 .6 %。结论　国产美洛昔康胶囊与进口莫比可片具有生物等效性。     

奥美拉唑肠溶胶囊的生物等效性研究

目的:研究奥美拉唑肠溶胶囊在健康人体的药代动力学,并评价其与同剂量制剂间的生物等效性。方法:采用双交叉试验设计,18名健康志愿者口服奥美拉唑肠溶胶囊试验和参比制剂40 mg,服药后0~12 h内间隔取血,用HPLC法测定血药浓度。计算主要药代动力学参数,并以参比制剂计算奥美拉唑肠溶胶囊的相对生物利用度,判断其生物等效性。结果:奥美拉唑肠溶胶囊试验和参比制剂的体内药代动力学参数Cmax(0.632±0.383)mg/L和(0.626±0.415)mg/L、5Tmax(2.39±0.40)h和(2.33±0.42)h、T1/2(1.92±0.64)h和(2.01±0.73)h、Vd/F(81.21±46.68)L和(94.07±89.46)L、CL/F(32.99±20.92)L/h和(31.68±20.41)L/h、AUC0→12(2.03±1.99)mg/(h.L)-1和(1.89±1.62)mg/(h.L)-1;受试奥美拉唑肠溶胶囊的相对生物利用度F=(104.7±17.7)%。结论:2种制剂具有生物等效性。     

异福酰胺胶囊的人体药代动力学和相对生物利用度

目的研究异福酰胺胶囊的人体药代动力学和相对生物利用度,以判断两种制剂是否具有生物等效性.方法 18名健康志愿者采用随机分组交叉自身对照给药.以卫非特片(Rifater)为参比药物,用HPLC法测定血清中药物浓度.结果两制剂的血药浓度经时变化和药代动力学参数相近,异福酰胺胶囊中异烟肼、利福平、吡嗪酰胺的主要药代动力学参数:T1/2为(2.37±1.09) h, (4.63±0.67) h,(13.43±2.98) h;Cmax为(8.78±3.63) mg/L,(11.9 3±2.68) mg/L,(36.28±9.17) mg/L;AUCo-t为(28.77±20.74) mg/L. h,(84.63±18.01) mg/L*h,(544.87±100.17) mg/L*h.相对生物利用度分别为96 .79%±26.98%,97.08%±15.12%,100.03%±16.02%.结论异福酰胺胶囊与卫非特片具有生物等效性.     

国产琥乙红霉素人体药代动力学及生物等效性研究

目的　建立测定红霉素血浆浓度的生物检定法 ,考察国产琥乙红霉素 (按红霉素计 )的药代动力学及生物等效性。方法　采用双周期交叉实验设计 ,选用 2 0名健康志愿者单剂量 po 5 0 0mg琥乙红霉素供试制剂或参比制剂 ,用微生物法测定红霉素血药浓度并计算药动学及相对生物利用度 ,进而对主要药动学参数进行统计分析。结果　供试制剂与参比制剂的药时曲线均符合一级吸收的一房室开放模型 ,其主要药动学参数AUC0 -12 分别为(4 .6 2± 0 .91)与 (4 .5 5± 0 .6 3)mg/h·L-1,AUC0 ∞ 分别为 (4 .83± 0 .93)与 (4 .76± 0 .6 3)mg/h·L-1,Cmax分别为(1.0 78± 0 .35 7)与 (1.0 6 1± 0 .2 98)mg/L ,tmax分别为 (0 .80± 0 .2 4 )与 (0 .78± 0 .18)h ,t1/ 2ke分别为 (2 .31± 0 .2 5 )与(2 .33± 0 .2 8)h。供试制剂的相对生物利用度F为 (10 1.5± 11.9) %。两制剂lnAUC0 3 6、lnAUC0 ∞ 和lncmax方差分析、双单侧t检验的结果无显著性差异。结论　两国产琥乙红霉素制剂具有生物等效性。     

国产麦迪霉素胃溶片的药代动力学和生物利用度研究

对国产和进口麦迪霉素的生物利用度进行了比较研究。１０名健康志愿者交叉口服单剂量国产和进口麦迪霉素胃溶片６００ｍｇ，应用ＨＰＬＣ法测定其血药浓度，并采用３Ｐ８７程序处理实验数据。结果表明，麦迪霉素口服吸收表现为一室开放模型；口服国产与进口麦迪霉素胃溶片的Ｃｍａｘ分别为０．１１９和０．１３９ｍｇ／Ｌ，Ｔｍａｘ分别为０．５０±０．４５和０．４５±０．３４ｈ，ＡＵＣ分别为０．２０１５和０．２０２１ｍｇ／（ｈ·Ｌ），经统计学处理，两者无显著差异（Ｐ＞０．０５），国产麦迪霉素胃溶片相对生物利用度为９８．７２％，提示国产与进口麦迪霉素胃溶片剂具有生物等效性     

卡维地洛人体药代动力学及生物利用度研究

目的 测定卡维地洛（carvedilol)志愿受试体内的药代动力学,并与国外标准品地拉特润（dilatrend)对照,评价其相对生物利用度。方法 10名健康男性志愿受试,年龄（39±9)岁,随机交叉服用卡维地洛或地拉特润4mg,HPLC法测定约给药后不同时间的血药浓度,并进行药代动力学参数计算和模型拟合。结果 10名受试6名符合一房室模型,另4名符合二房室模型。卡维地洛的药代动力学主要参数;一房室达峰时间Tax(1.7±0.4)h、最大血药浓度Cmax(75±32)mg/L、曲线下面积AUC（314±122)mg/L.h、半衰期t1/2(1.7±0.8)h、清除速率CL（141±43)L/h;二详尽 室各值相应为1.0±0.4)h、（113±89)mg/L、（±85)mg/l.h、（7.9±5.6)h、（111±23)L/h。与地拉特润相比,两种制剂的药代动力学无显差异（P>0.05)。卡维地洛的相对生物利用度为（98.9±11.6)%。结论 卡维地洛的药代动力学及生物利用度与国外标准品地拉特润似,两种制剂生物等效。     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Dr.Zhang Ren''''s Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

Luo Lingjie''''s Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性的影响

目的 探讨猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气(NCPAP)对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性(CK-MB)的影响.方法 选取呼吸衰竭早产儿80例,分为观察组和对照组各40例.对照组采用NCPAP给氧治疗,观察组给予NCPAP给氧联合猪肺磷脂气管内给药.观察两组患儿治疗前及治疗12h、24 h后PaO2、PaCO2、血氧饱和度(SaO2)、pH的变化情况,检测治疗前及治疗5d后血清CK-MB水平;评估两组患儿的临床治疗效果.结果 两组患儿PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2、pH比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其中观察组治疗后的PaO2、SaO2、pH均高于对照组,PaCO2则低于对照组.两组的PaO2、SaO2、pH均随观察时间延长而升高(P＜0.05),PaCO2均随观察时间的延长而降低(P＜0.05).观察组治疗有效率为87.5％,显著高于对照组的70.0％ (P ＜0.05).治疗5d后两组患儿血清CK-MB水平均较前降低(P＜0.05),且观察组明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 猪肺磷脂注射液气管内给药联合NCPAP可以显著降低呼吸衰竭早产儿CK-MB的含量,提高治疗有效率,起到很好的呼吸循环支持作用.     

Survey and practice of reporting quality of randomized controlled clinical trials on traditional Chinese medicine

Evidence obtained from randomized controlled trials （RCTs） has been generally accepted as the gold standard in the evaluation of clinical effectiveness. Readers need to understand the trial design, implementation, results, analysis and interpretation, so as to fully Jnderstand the results of RCTs. Thus, the investigators of RCTs have to report these items in a complete, accurate and clear manner. Since 1998, we have conducted several evaluations on the reporting quality of RCTs published in Chinese journals on traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and results have shown that there is an urgent need for higher quality RCTs on TCM.     

TCM Treatment of Ankylosing Spondylitis by Tonifying the Kidney and Strengthening the Governor Vessel

Ankylosing spondylitis is a chronic and progressive disorder with inflammation mainly involving the central axis joints. It mainly affects the cervical spine and the lumbosacral area, with the pathogenesis closely related to the kidney and the Governor Vessel (GV). TCM holds that the syndrome is deficiency in origin and excess in superficiality, which is due to insufficiency of the kidney, deficiency of GV, and blocking of the channels with the invasion of exogenous evil, leading to poor circulation of qi and blood and malnutrition of the bones, muscles and joints. The TCM method of tonifying the kidney and strengthening GV to regulate circulation of qi and blood and check the arthralgia pain should be adopted, with the Kidney-Tonifying and GV Strengthening Decoction (益肾强督汤) prescribed.     

IMPROVING P-gp EXPRESSION IN HUMAN MONONUCLEAR CELLS IN VITRO TRANSFECTED BY MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE-1 mRNA

CHEMOTHERAPY playsa greatrolein the treat- ment of malignanttumors,especiallyingynecolo- gicalones.But inanticancerchemotherapy,leuko-cytopeniaisfrequentlytheprimarydose-limitingsideeffect factor.Moreover,cancersarefrequentlychemoresistantbe-causeof overexpressionof P-glycoprotein(P-gp), which isencodedby multidrugresistancegene (MDR1 ) and detectableinup to50% ofhuman cancersand renderscellsresistancetoanticancerdrugs.The safetyand potentialtherapeuticbenefitof mdr1 gene transferredto h…