后路半椎体切除并360°松解植骨融合内固定治疗先天性脊柱侧后凸畸形

目的 观察后路半椎体切除并360°松解植骨融合内固定治疗半椎体所致先天性脊柱侧后凸畸形的临床效果.方法 回顾性分析自2004年1月1日～2011年12月31日施行后路半椎体切除并360°松解植骨融合内固定术的24例先天性脊柱侧后凸患者的临床资料,术前侧凸Cobb角48.50°±10.32°(40°～82°),伴后凸畸形12例,后凸Cobb角27.20°±4.76°(13° ～38°).均行后路一期半椎体切除并360°松解植骨融合内固定术,术后1周及随访时复查全脊柱正侧位X线片,每3月随访1次.结果 术后侧凸Cobb角为12.90°±5.64°(5°～18°),矫正率为73.4％;12例伴后凸畸形者后凸Cobb角为8.70°±3.12°(6°～15°),矫正率为68.1％;术后随访6～36月,平均14.6个月,末次随访侧凸Cobb角为16.30°±6.23(6° ～22°),最终矫正率为66.4％,后凸Cobb角为11.30°土7.21(8°～21°),最终矫正率为58.5％;术后植骨融合部位骨痂形成良好,无感染、内固定器械断裂等并发症.结论 后路一期半椎体切除并360°松解植骨融合内固定治疗先天性脊柱侧后凸可直接去除致畸因素并起到良好的矫形效果.     

后路360°脊椎截骨术治疗重度脊柱侧后凸

目的探讨重度脊柱侧后凸进行后路全脊椎截骨矫正术的效果并评价其安全性。方法1998年1月~2005年1月,31例重度脊柱侧后凸患者在我院接受手术治疗,其中男14例,女17例;平均年龄16.7岁(9~37岁);先天性脊柱侧后凸16例,特发性脊柱侧后凸9例,脊柱侧凸术后翻修6例。术前:侧凸平均95°(76°~159°),后凸103°(90°~153°),躯干偏移3.9 cm(2~8.1 cm)。其中5例存在不同程度下肢神经症状,24例存在中、重度限制性呼吸功能障碍。所有患者均接受后路一期经顶椎全脊椎截骨、经椎弓根固定、植骨融合术。结果所有患者安全接受手术,平均手术时间4.6 h(3.5~6.2 h),平均出血量1170 ml(920~2300 ml)。术后1周左右戴支具下地活动,5例术前神经损害者有不同程度恢复。无严重并发症(神经损伤等)发生。矫正效果:术后侧凸平均51.2°(11°~79°),矫正率63.7%;后凸平均53.3°(39°~86°),矫正率54.9%;躯干偏移1.3 cm(0~1.9 cm),矫正率72%;身高平均增长7.1 cm(6~11.5 cm)。所有患者随访1年以上(1~5.2年),其中1例术后9个月发现假关节以及固定棒断裂,经过再次手术换棒、植骨后融合。最终随访时97%患者对治疗结果表示满意。结论后路360°脊椎截骨术治疗重度脊柱侧后凸,安全性好,矫正效果良好。     

后路顶点经椎弓根截骨术治疗重度僵硬性脊柱侧后凸畸形

目的 评价后路顶点经椎弓根截骨术治疗重度僵硬性脊柱侧后凸畸形的安全性和早期临床治疗效果.方法 回顾性分析12例行后路顶点经椎弓根截骨术治疗重度僵硬性脊柱侧后凸畸形患者的术前、术后及随访时的X光像,对侧凸Cobb角、后凸Cobb角、躯干平衡等进行测量和分析.复习手术记录和病历,记录围手术期并发症.结果 本组患者12例,男4例,女8例,平均年龄20.1(9～57)岁,其中成人脊柱侧凸2例,先天性脊柱侧后凸畸形10例.平均随访9.2个月.融合固定节段平均12个节段.手术时间平均5.0 h,术中出血量平均1517 ml,回输自体血平均780 ml,异体输血平均1109 ml.手术前后主弯冠状面Cobb角分别为100.9°和48.8°,平均矫正率51.8%(P=0.000).节段性后凸Cobb角分别为81.7°和42.2°,平均矫正率为49.8%(P=0.000).随访时主弯冠状面Cobb角及节段性后凸Cobb角分别为50.7°和46.0°,矫形无明显丢失(P=0.763,P=0.698).手术前、后及随访时冠状面躯干平衡分别为16.3、14.7和12.0mm,随访时仅1例发生冠状面躯干失平衡(22 mm).2例患者出现一过性的下肢单侧肢体麻木、无力,获完全恢复.所有患者均无脊髓损伤.结论 后路顶点经椎弓根截骨术是矫正重度僵硬性脊柱侧后凸畸形的安全方法 ,早期结果 令人满意.     

手术治疗退行性脊柱侧凸畸形17例分析

目的 探讨手术治疗退行性脊柱侧凸的临床效果.方法 回顾分析自2001年6月～2007年10月收治的17例退行性脊柱侧凸患者的临床效果.结果 术后患者的疼痛改善率88.2%,间歇性跛行改善率91.7%.术前Cobb角平均28.4°(16°～51°),术后Cobb角平均7.8°(0°～33°),改善率72.5%;随访8～48个月,平均15个月,未见矫正明显丢失,无断钉及螺钉松动.结论 手术治疗退行性脊柱侧凸能够取得比较满意的临床效果和畸形矫正效果.     

35例后路脊椎切除术治疗严重脊柱侧后凸畸形

目的 探讨严重脊柱侧后凸畸形行后路脊椎全切除术(vertebral column resection,VCR)的可行性和临床意义.方法 回顾性分析35例严重脊柱侧凸或后凸Cobb角大于100°的重度脊柱侧后畸形的患者资料;术前患者侧凸主弯冠状面Cobb角平均为(124.8±27.4)°,胸腰段矢状位后凸角平均为(95.8±30.2)°.结果 平均手术用时为(5.9 ±1.2)h,术中平均出血量为(1855±1200)ml,术后未出现神经系统症状加重的患者,且无伤口感染等并发症.术后平均下床时间为(11±5)d;术后侧凸主弯冠状面Cobb角平均为(45.7±6.2)°,胸腰段后凸为(38.6±10.1)°,矫正率达到79%,患者的躯干和双肩失平衡均得到了显著的改善.结论 后路全脊椎切除术可使神经充分的减压,矫正侧后凸畸形效果满意,是治疗严重脊柱侧后凸畸形安全有效的方法.     

后路脊柱截骨矫形治疗重度僵硬后凸型脊柱侧凸

目的:评价应用后路脊柱截骨矫形治疗重度僵硬后凸型脊柱侧凸的效果 .方法:回顾性分析北京大学第一医院骨科自2005年3月至2006年9月应用后路脊柱截骨矫形治疗重度脊柱僵硬后凸型侧凸11例(平均年龄11.2岁),其中神经纤维瘤病3例,先天性脊柱侧弯5例,脊髓灰质炎1例,特发性脊柱侧凸2例.11例患者的Bending像脊柱活动度均小于25%.平均随访时间1.3年(0.5～2年).结果:术中1节段后柱楔形截骨3例,2节段后柱楔形截骨2例,3节段后柱楔形截骨2例,经椎弓根截骨2例,椎体切除+后柱切除2例.术前后凸畸形平均108°(87°～135°),侧凸畸形平均97°(65°～135°),术后后凸畸形平均矫正至49°(改善率55%),侧凸平均矫正至37°(改善率66%).术后身高平均增加4.7 cm.11例矫形手术无神经系统并发症发生. 结论:应用后路脊柱截骨矫形治疗重度僵硬后凸型脊柱侧凸是一种较为有效的手术方法.     

先天性胸腰段半椎体并重度僵硬性脊柱侧后凸畸形的后路松解楔形截骨矫治

目的探讨先天性胸腰段半椎体并重度僵硬性脊柱侧后凸畸形患者采用经后路松解楔形截骨治疗的安全性和临床初步效果,并探讨其融合固定节段（LIV）的选择。方法选择我院2006年7月～2011年10月收治的先天性胸腰段半椎体并重度僵硬性脊柱侧后凸畸形患者10例临床资料,均行经后路松解楔形截骨矫形手术,以触及椎（touched vertebrae,TV）（指站立前后位像上被骶正中线触及的最近端椎体）作为融合固定下端椎。结果本组10例患者均顺利完成手术。平均松解3.0个椎间隙;手术时间4.5～9.4 h,平均6.3 h;术中出血量680～10 000 mL,平均985 mL;术后侧凸Cobb角6°～32°,平均18.7°,平均矫正率为27.2%;后凸Cobb角-8°～22°,平均8.3°,平均矫正率为88.6%;C7铅垂线与骶正中线距离0.1～2.3 cm,平均0.6 cm,冠状位平衡平均矫正率为78.1%。随访14～35个月,平均23.4个月,末次随访侧凸Cobb角8°～57°,平均29.7°,丢失率为7.3%;后凸Cobb角22°～38°,平均29.9°,丢失率为7.7%。结论经后路松解楔形截骨矫治先天性胸腰段半椎体并重度僵硬性脊柱侧后凸畸形安全有效,选择TV作为LIV可以减少融合节段。     

先天性挛缩蜘蛛指畸形六例临床分析

目的 探讨先天性挛缩蜘蛛指畸形的临床诊断和治疗方法.方法 先天性挛缩蜘蛛指畸形患者6例,男1例,女5例;年龄:5～14岁,平均7.5岁.临床表现为类马凡体形、关节屈曲畸形、脊柱侧后凸畸形、肌肉发育不全,四肢肌肌力明显低于正常;外耳廓的畸形,通常为外耳廓上半部分出现皱折.皆合并脊柱侧后凸,其中2例侧后凸于胸段,4例于胸腰段,侧凸Cobb角:85～117°,平均88.6°;后凸Cobb角:75～123°,平均93.6°.分子基因学部分(75%)表现为原纤维蛋白-2基因位点有基因突变.皆用椎弓根钉棒系统或椎板钩行后路手术矫形,其中4例行Smith-Petersen截骨矫正后凸.结果 术后侧凸Cobb角:35～52°,平均37.6°后凸Cobb角:28～54°,平均38.6°.4例得到随访,约6～9个月,平均7.8个月;2例失访.3例骨融合良好,1例术后螺钉拔出并有神经根损伤,行翻修术改用椎板钩后缓解.躯体外观和肺功能明显改善.结论 先天性挛缩蜘蛛指畸形特有的临床表现为脊柱侧后凸Cobb角度大、僵硬,椎弓根发育细小,椎弓根植入困难,后凸多需截骨矫形.要注意与马凡综合征、Stickler综合征、高胱氨酸尿症和Distal arthrogryposis等的鉴别诊断,尤其是与马凡综合征的鉴别诊断.     

全脊椎截骨治疗先天性僵硬型脊柱侧后凸

自1989年以来,作者用全脊椎截骨术治疗先天性僵硬型脊柱侧后凸4例,其中胸椎侧后凸1例,胸腰椎侧后凸1例,腰椎侧后凸2例。4例共有后方半椎体5椎,后方楔状椎体7椎,椎体发育不全2椎。侧凸Cobb's角平均为52.5°(10～96°),后凸平均为80.25°(65～105°)。手术采用全麻,顶椎处梯形十楔形截骨,椎弓根钉+钢丝拉拢闭合截骨面,双哈灵顿撑开棒或双鲁格氏棒内固定,进一步矫正侧后凸畸形,术后侧凸平均矫正率为60.42％(12.5％～100％),后凸平均矫正率为49.88％(7％～96.5％)。1例术后发生脊髓前动脉缺血综合征,经使用血管扩张剂和抗凝剂后肌力全恢复。本手术的优点是一次完成全脊椎截骨,且矫正率高于二期手术病例(32％)。     

一期后路半椎体切除加全节段椎弓根螺钉固定矫形青春期严重先天性脊柱侧后凸畸形

目的 回顾分析14例青春期严重先天性脊柱侧后凸畸形采用一期后路半椎体切除加全节段椎弓根螺钉固定术治疗,探讨青春期严重先天性脊柱侧后凸畸形采取此手术的可行性和相关手术处理技巧.方法 2004年10月～2011年3月,通过一期后路半椎体切除加全节段椎弓根螺钉固定术矫治14例青春期严重先天性脊柱侧后凸畸形患者,男9例,女5例,年龄12～18岁,平均14.3岁;其中单个半椎体10例,多个半椎体2例,半椎体合并对侧骨桥或肋骨融合2例;病变位于胸段(T4、T5、T7、8、T9)4例、胸腰段(T11、T12各2例、L1、2、L2各1例)6例、腰段(L3、L4各2例)4例.术前脊柱侧凸Cobb's角63°～105°,平均76°;脊柱后凸角42°～83°,平均56°;躯干偏移3.0～31.5 mm,平均14.1 mm.内固定使用CDH 3例,TSRH 9例,中华长城2例.结果 全部病例随访7～72个月,平均36.4个月.手术时间147～428min,平均221min;术中出血210～1 860mL,平均860mL.固定融合节段7～13个椎体,平均9.6个.术后脊柱侧凸Cobb's角13°～45 °,平均31.2°,平均矫正率58.9％;术后脊柱后凸Cobb's角11°～39°,平均26.5°,平均矫正率59.0％;术后躯干偏移0～10.3 mm,平均为4.3 mm.随访中脊柱侧、后凸和躯干偏移无明显矫正丢失.手术并发症包括术中加压时椎弓根切割1例,代偿弯加重1例,术后切口渗液1例.结论 采用一期后路半椎体切除加全节段椎弓根螺钉固定矫形青春期严重先天性脊柱侧后凸是一个安全、可靠的手术方法,其矫形效果满意、固定可靠.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Dr.Zhang Ren''''s Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

Luo Lingjie''''s Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性的影响

目的 探讨猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气(NCPAP)对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性(CK-MB)的影响.方法 选取呼吸衰竭早产儿80例,分为观察组和对照组各40例.对照组采用NCPAP给氧治疗,观察组给予NCPAP给氧联合猪肺磷脂气管内给药.观察两组患儿治疗前及治疗12h、24 h后PaO2、PaCO2、血氧饱和度(SaO2)、pH的变化情况,检测治疗前及治疗5d后血清CK-MB水平;评估两组患儿的临床治疗效果.结果 两组患儿PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2、pH比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其中观察组治疗后的PaO2、SaO2、pH均高于对照组,PaCO2则低于对照组.两组的PaO2、SaO2、pH均随观察时间延长而升高(P＜0.05),PaCO2均随观察时间的延长而降低(P＜0.05).观察组治疗有效率为87.5％,显著高于对照组的70.0％ (P ＜0.05).治疗5d后两组患儿血清CK-MB水平均较前降低(P＜0.05),且观察组明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 猪肺磷脂注射液气管内给药联合NCPAP可以显著降低呼吸衰竭早产儿CK-MB的含量,提高治疗有效率,起到很好的呼吸循环支持作用.     

Survey and practice of reporting quality of randomized controlled clinical trials on traditional Chinese medicine

Evidence obtained from randomized controlled trials （RCTs） has been generally accepted as the gold standard in the evaluation of clinical effectiveness. Readers need to understand the trial design, implementation, results, analysis and interpretation, so as to fully Jnderstand the results of RCTs. Thus, the investigators of RCTs have to report these items in a complete, accurate and clear manner. Since 1998, we have conducted several evaluations on the reporting quality of RCTs published in Chinese journals on traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and results have shown that there is an urgent need for higher quality RCTs on TCM.     

TCM Treatment of Ankylosing Spondylitis by Tonifying the Kidney and Strengthening the Governor Vessel

Ankylosing spondylitis is a chronic and progressive disorder with inflammation mainly involving the central axis joints. It mainly affects the cervical spine and the lumbosacral area, with the pathogenesis closely related to the kidney and the Governor Vessel (GV). TCM holds that the syndrome is deficiency in origin and excess in superficiality, which is due to insufficiency of the kidney, deficiency of GV, and blocking of the channels with the invasion of exogenous evil, leading to poor circulation of qi and blood and malnutrition of the bones, muscles and joints. The TCM method of tonifying the kidney and strengthening GV to regulate circulation of qi and blood and check the arthralgia pain should be adopted, with the Kidney-Tonifying and GV Strengthening Decoction (益肾强督汤) prescribed.     

IMPROVING P-gp EXPRESSION IN HUMAN MONONUCLEAR CELLS IN VITRO TRANSFECTED BY MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE-1 mRNA

CHEMOTHERAPY playsa greatrolein the treat- ment of malignanttumors,especiallyingynecolo- gicalones.But inanticancerchemotherapy,leuko-cytopeniaisfrequentlytheprimarydose-limitingsideeffect factor.Moreover,cancersarefrequentlychemoresistantbe-causeof overexpressionof P-glycoprotein(P-gp), which isencodedby multidrugresistancegene (MDR1 ) and detectableinup to50% ofhuman cancersand renderscellsresistancetoanticancerdrugs.The safetyand potentialtherapeuticbenefitof mdr1 gene transferredto h…