下瘀血汤全药与组分处方对免疫性肝纤维化大鼠肝组织α-SMA、TGF-β1、PDGF-βRmRNA表达影响的比较研究

目的：比较下瘀血汤全药与组分处方对免疫性肝纤维化大鼠肝组织α-SMA、TGF-β1、PDGF-βRmRNA表达的作用差异,探讨下瘀血汤全药与组分处方抗肝纤维化的作用机制。方法：Wistar大鼠随机分为正常组、造模组,造模组大鼠腹腔注射猪血清复制肝纤维化模型,每次0.5mL/只,每周2次,共12周。造模成功后造模组大鼠随机分为模型组、下瘀血汤组、组分处方组,第8周开始下瘀血汤组、组分处方组大鼠造模同时口服给药,按10mL.kg-1容积,下瘀血汤组每日2.34g.kg-1,组分处方组每日0.648g.kg-1,连续4周。正常组、模型组大鼠给与同体积生理盐水。12周末,处死动物,获取标本,realtime-PCR检测肝组织α-SMA、TGF-β1、PDGF-βRmRNA表达。结果：与正常组相比,模型组α-SMA、TGF-β1、PDGF-βRmRNA的表达均显著升高（P〈0.05）;与模型组相比,下瘀血汤组、组分处方组α-SMA、TGF-β1、PDGF-βRmRNA的表达明显降低（P〈0.05）;与组分处方组比较,下瘀血汤组α-SMA、TGF-β1、PDGF-βRmRNA表达明显降低（P〈0.05）。相关性分析表明α-SMA、TGF-β1、PDGF-βRmRNA表达呈正相关。结论：下瘀血汤全药与组分处方可通过抑制α-SMA、TGF-β1、PDGF-βRmRNA表达而发挥抗肝纤维化作用,且下瘀血汤全药处方作用优于组分处方。     

下瘀血汤抗猪血清免疫性肝纤维化方证相关的药效学研究

目的：研究下瘀血汤抗大鼠猪血清肝纤维化方-证相关的药效学机制。方法：猪血清腹腔注射复制肝纤维化模型,造模8周后继续造模的同时以下瘀血汤、茵陈蒿汤、黄芪汤、二至丸和小柴胡汤进行干预治疗。测定大鼠血清ALT、AST、ALP和GGT活性,Alb、TP和TBil含量;Jamall法测定肝组织羟脯氨酸（Hyp）含量。结果：与正常组比较,模型组大鼠血清ALT和AST活性增高、Alb和TP含量显著下降（P〈0.05）,ALP和GGT活性及TBiL含量虽有升高但无显著性差异（P〉0.05）;与模型组比较,下瘀血汤、茵陈蒿汤和小柴胡汤组大鼠血清肝功能有一定的改善,以下瘀血汤组为最佳;与正常组比较,模型组大鼠肝组织Hyp含量显著增加（P〈0.05）;与模型组比较,下瘀血汤组大鼠肝组织Hyp含量显著降低（P〈0.05）,其它各药物组无改善作用（P〉0.05）。结论：下瘀血汤可有效的抑制大鼠猪血清免疫性肝纤维化,提示本模型病理阶段的证候为瘀血阻络。     

芪参养肝方抗肝纤维化的实验研究

目的观察芪参养肝方对刀豆蛋白A(Con A)肝纤维化小鼠肝脏的肝星状细胞(HSC)活化、胶原合成及细胞因子α-SMA、TGF-β1分泌的影响,探讨其抗肝纤维化的作用机制。方法将40只BALB/c小鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、芪参养肝方组,造模期间芪参养肝方组给予芪参养肝方药液灌胃。检测3组小鼠肝功能、肝组织中羟脯氨酸含量和α-SMA、Col I、ColⅢ、TGF-β1mRNA表达以及α-SMA、Col I、TGF-β1蛋白表达情况。结果模型组血清ALT、AST水平及肝组织中羟脯氨酸含量均明显高于正常组(P均<0.05),而芪参养肝方组各指标水平均明显低于模型组(P均<0.05)。HE、天狼猩红染色显示,芪参养肝方组肝小叶破坏及胶原纤维增生较模型组明显减轻,胶原沉积明显好转。模型组肝组织中α-SMA、TGF-β1、Col I、ColⅢmRNA表达量及α-SMA、TGF-β1、ColⅠ蛋白表达量均明显高于正常组(P均<0.05),而芪参养肝方组各指标水平均明显低于模型组(P均<0.05)。结论芪参养肝方能抑制Con A肝纤维化小鼠α-SMA、TGF-β1分泌及HSC活化,促进活化的HSC凋亡;并能下调ColⅠ、ColⅢmRNA表达,抑制胶原纤维增生;其有保肝降酶、抗肝纤维化作用。     

下瘀血汤组分配伍抗免疫性肝纤维化大鼠模型的实验研究

目的 观察下瘀血汤组分配伍抗免疫性肝纤维化大鼠模型的作用,为组分配伍的研究提供实验依据.方法 Wistar大鼠随机分为正常组、造模组,造模组大鼠腹腔注射猪血清复制肝纤维化模型,每次0.5 ml/只,每周2次,共12周.造模成功后造模组大鼠随机分为模型组、下瘀血汤组分配伍组,第8周末开始下瘀血汤组分配伍组大鼠造模同时灌胃给药,按10 ml·kg-1容积,每日0.648 g·kg-1,连续4周.正常组、模型组大鼠给予同体积生理盐水.12周末,处死动物,获取标本,测定血清肝功能、肝组织羟脯氨酸(Hyp)含量;reahime-PCR检测肝组织TGF-β1mRNA表达.结果 与模型组比较,下瘀血汤组分配伍组大鼠血清总蛋白(TP)、球蛋白(Glb)含量明显降低(P＜0.05),白蛋白(Alb)含量升高,A/G比值明显改善(P＜0.05);与模型组相比,下瘀血汤组分配伍组TGF-β1mRNA的表达明显降低(P＜0.05).结论 下瘀血汤组分配伍对大鼠免疫性肝纤维化模型具有保护肝细胞功能,其机制可能是通过抑制TGF-β1mRNA表达而发挥抗肝纤维化作用.     

肾气丸对DMN大鼠肝纤维化干预作用研究

目的:以二甲基亚硝胺(DMN)大鼠肝纤维化模型为载体,以肾气丸为研究对象,探讨肾气丸对DMN大鼠肝纤维化的干预作用。方法:每周前3 d连续ip DMN(10 mg·kg-1)4周制备大鼠肝纤维化模型。造模2周末DMN处理组大鼠随机分为肾气丸组和模型组(各10只)。第3周的第1 d起,在继续造模的同时,肾气丸组给予成人70 kg体重的10倍量ig(1.029 g·kg-1),给药2周。4周末处死全部大鼠,留取肝组织样本和血清,观察大鼠肝功能、肝组织羟脯氨酸(Hyp)及肝组织病理变化,实时定量PCR法观察肝组织肝细胞生长因子(HGF)、平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA)mRNA表达变化。结果:DMN造模4周,引起大鼠肝功能紊乱,与正常组比较,4周模型组大鼠血清丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)活性及总胆汁酸(TBA)含量显著升高(P<0.01),血清白蛋白(ALB)含量显著下降(P<0.01)。肝组织羟脯氨酸含量显著升高,为正常组的4.58倍(P<0.01),HGF mRNA表达显著下降(P<0.01),α-SMA mRNA水平显著升高(P<0.01)。与模型组比较,肾气丸组大鼠血清ALB含量显著升高,血清ALT,AST活性及TBA含量显著降低。肾气丸显著降低肝组织羟脯氨酸含量(P<0.05),同时显著降低α-SMA mRNA表达(P<0.01),升高HGF mRNA水平(P<0.05)。结论:肾气丸对DMN肝纤维化有较好的疗效,为肝病从肾论治提供了实验依据。     

茵陈蒿汤对酒精性肝纤维化大鼠肝组织Caspase-12通路的影响

目的观察茵陈蒿汤对酒精性肝纤维化大鼠内质网应激的同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)-真核生物翻译起始因子(eIF2α)-Caspase-12通路引起的细胞凋亡的影响,探讨茵陈蒿汤防治酒精性肝纤维的作用机制。方法将40只SD大鼠随机分为空白组、模型组和茵陈蒿汤组,模型组和茵陈蒿汤组采用乙醇灌胃的方法复制酒精性肝纤维化大鼠模型,茵陈蒿汤组同时给予3. 5g/kg茵陈蒿汤灌胃,10周后处死动物,采用赖氏法检测各组大鼠血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)和门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)水平,采用HE和Masson三色染色观察各组大鼠肝脏组织病理学表现,采用Real-Time PCR法检测各组大鼠肝脏组织中GRP78、eIF-2α、Caspase-12mRNA表达情况。结果模型组大鼠血清ALT、AST水平明显高于空白组(P均0. 05),茵陈蒿汤组大鼠血清ALT、AST水平均明显低于模型组(P均0. 05)。肝脏组织病理学显示,模型组大鼠出现明显肝纤维化表现,茵陈蒿汤组大鼠肝纤维化程度较模型组明显减轻。模型组大鼠肝脏组织中GRP78、eIF-2α、Caspase-12mRNA表达水平均明显高于空白组(P均0. 05),茵陈蒿汤组大鼠肝脏组织中GRP78、eIF-2α、Caspase-12mRNA表达水平均明显低于模型组(P均0. 05)。结论茵陈蒿汤抑制GRP78、eIF-2α、Caspase-12的活性可能是其抗酒精性肝纤维化的作用机制之一。     

补肾柔肝方对肝纤维化大鼠肝组织病理学以及α-SMA蛋白表达的影响

目的观察补肾柔肝方对肝纤维化大鼠肝组织病理学的影响。方法 SD大鼠随机分为空白对照组8只、模型组15只、秋水仙碱组15只、补肾柔肝方组15只。均以标准鼠食饲养,自由饮水,除空白对照组外,其余各组大鼠采用CCl4造模8周制备肝纤维化模型。从第9周开始,秋水仙碱组、补肾柔肝方组灌胃相应药物,空白对照组、模型组灌胃等体积生理盐水,均连续灌胃8周。末次给药后2 h,取肝组织进行HE、天狼猩红染色,评价肝细胞变性与胶原纤维增生程度。分别采用RT-PCR法和蛋白印迹法检测肝组织α-SMA表达情况。结果补肾柔肝方组大鼠肝脏的纤维化程度明显低于模型组;与空白对照组相比,模型组大鼠的α-SMA蛋白表达明显升高(P0.01);与模型组相比,秋水仙碱组及补肾柔肝方组α-SMA蛋白表达水平有所降低(P均0.05)。结论补肾柔肝方能够降低大鼠肝脏内α-SMA蛋白的表达水平,具有明确的抗肝纤维化作用。     

参七内金散对四氯化碳肝纤维化模型大鼠肝星状细胞活化与凋亡的影响

目的：观察参七内金散抗大鼠肝纤维化的作用机制。方法：雄性SD大鼠30只随机分为3组：正常组、模型对照组、参七内金散组。以CCl4皮下注射造模,首次注射100%CCl45mL/kg体重,之后40%CCl4 橄榄油溶液3mL/kg皮下注射,2次/周,连续注射6周。造模成功后以0.8g/kg的参七内金散灌胃模型大鼠共2周,正常组与模型对照组则予以等量生理盐水灌胃,共2周。以盐酸水解法测定肝组织羟脯氨酸含量,分别以HE、天狼猩红染色观察肝组织的炎症与纤维化病理。免疫印迹及免疫组化检测α-SMA的表达,观察肝星状细胞活化;连续切片,依次TUNEL染色与α-SMA免疫组化双染色,观察肝星状细胞凋亡。结果：与正常大鼠比较,模型大鼠肝组织可见大量肝组织脂肪变性及胶原病理沉积,并可见纤维间隔形成;参七内金散显著能改善模型大鼠肝组织脂肪变性与胶原病理沉积,降低肝组织Hyp含量。正常大鼠仅表达少量α-SMA,主要分布于血管壁,未见凋亡星状细胞;模型组大鼠可见大量α-SMA表达,可见少量凋亡星状细胞;与模型组比较参七内金散组肝组织α-SMA表达显著减少（P≤0.01）,但凋亡肝星状细胞显著增多。结论：参七内金散具有抗肝纤维化作用;抑制肝星状细胞活化、促进活化的肝星状细胞凋亡是参七内金散抗肝纤维化的机理之一。     

养阴活血解毒方对实验大鼠肝组织相关标志性蛋白表达的影响

目的:观察养阴活血解毒方对实验大鼠肝组织中羟脯氨酸(Hyp)、平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA)、肝细胞信号传导分子(Smad3蛋白)表达的影响,探讨其抗肝纤维化的作用机理。方法:SD大鼠全为雄性共60只随机分成4组,即空白组、模型组、西药组、中药组,采用CCl4加花生油造成纤维化大鼠模型,通过对各组大鼠灌服相应药物及生理盐水,检测大鼠肝组织Hyp、α-SMA、Smad3含量及表达水平。结果:与模型对照组比较,中药组可以显著降低Hyp含量(P0.01);与模型组和西药组比较,中药组可以使大鼠肝组织α-SMA表达产物减少,分别具有显著性差异(P0.01,P0.05);而对于Smad3的影响,中药组与模型组比较有显著性差异(P0.01)、与西药组比较也有显著性差异(P0.05)。结论:养阴活血解毒方对实验大鼠肝组织Hyp、α-SMA、Smad3的表达均有显著影响。     

桔梗皂苷-D对大鼠肝纤维化的干预作用及部分机制研究

目的:研究桔梗皂苷-D(PD)对大鼠肝纤维化的干预作用及作用机制。方法:将大鼠随机分为5组,除对照组外,其余各组每周2次皮下注射四氯化碳(CCL4)溶液诱导肝纤维化模型,次日PD低剂量组、PD中剂量组、PD高剂量组分别给予PD 10、25、50 mg·kg-1·d-1灌胃持续给药治疗,对照组和模型组以等量0.9%氯化钠溶液代替。给药12周后,处死大鼠采集样本,检测各组大鼠血清ALT、AST、TNF-α、血清肝纤维指标(HA、LN、PIIIP、C-Ⅳ)水平;肝组织转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)、骨形成蛋白-7(BMP-7)、α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA)mRNA的表达量;HE和天狼猩红染色观察肝组织病理学变化。结果:与模型组比较:PD各组能显著降低大鼠血清ALT、TNF-α、HA及肝组织TGF-β1mRNA水平,显著升高肝组织BMP-7mRNA水平(P<0.05);PD中剂量组和高剂量组能显著降低大鼠血清AST、LN及肝组织α-SMA mRNA水平(P<0.05);PD高剂量组能显著降低大鼠血清PIIIP、C-Ⅳ水平(P<0.05);肝组织纤维化程度明显改善。结论:PD具有抗肝纤维作用,并可能是通过降低TGF-β1和调高BMP-7的表达、抑制肝星状细胞的细胞增殖和活化,以达到抗纤维化的作用。     

微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定脉络宁注射液中25种矿物质元素

目的建立微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)直接稀释测定脉络宁注射液中25种矿物质元素(Mg、Ca、Fe、Cu、Zn、Mn、Al、B、Ba、Co、Cr、K、Li、Mo、Na、Ni、P、Pb、Sr、Th、Ti、V、As、Cd和Hg)的方法。方法分别对微波消解条件和测试条件进行考察;样品经微波消解后,采用电感耦合质谱仪测定25种矿物质元素,并对测定方法学进行考察。结果确定最佳消解条件为3步缓慢升温:400 W 80℃升温10 min,保留5 min;600 W 120℃升温10 min,保留5 min;900 W 200℃升温20 min,保留20 min;25种矿物质元素在各自的线性范围内线性关系良好,r≥0.999 6,精密度、稳定性和重复性试验的RSD均符合定量分析要求;加标回收率为94.7%~106.1%,RSD在0.34%~2.79%。脉络宁注射液中检测出Mg、Ca、Fe、Cu、Zn、Mn、Al、B、Ba、Co、Cr、K、Li、Mo、Na、Ni、P、Pb、Sr、Th、Ti、V,未检出As、Cd和Hg。结论该方法简便、迅速、准确,适用于脉络宁注射液中25种矿物质元素的同时测定。     

Die Lateralität und Lateralitätsinstabilität in der Diagnostik und Therapie

The disturbance and instability of laterality are obstacles to diagnostics and therapy. Correction prior to starting therapy is required. They also predispose toward defined health problems and unspecific diseases. Numerous research activities provide evidence of the relevance of undisturbed laterality in diagnostics and therapy. Techniques of testing and therapeutic corrections will allow for optimized therapy success.     

Yerba Mate or Paraguay Tea

正Beverages based on Ilex paraguariensis A.St.-Hil.are used in the south Brazil and other Latin American countries located at the so-called southern cone.It is known as chimarro or mate in south and southeast Brazil,tererêin     

Journal of Acupuncture and Tuina Science Instructions for Authors

The Journal of Acupuncture and Tuina Science, a journal with an international scope （IS SN 1672-3597, CN 31-1908/R, Bimonthly）, is embodied by ＇Springer Verlag＇ Database, Index Copernicus （IC） and Chinese Scientific and Technical Paper and Citations Data （CSTPCD）. You can search full text on http：//www, springerlink, com/content/1672 -3597.     

Ethnopharmacologic study of chinese rhubarb

This paper deals with an interdisciplinary study covering historic, botanical, phytochemical, pharmacological and clinical aspects of rhubarb and related species, to lay stress on the correlation between plant phylogeny, chemical constituents and purgative activity.

It was found that the official rhubarbs were exclusively restricted in the Sect. Palmata e.g. Rheum palmatum R. palmatum var. tanguticum R. officinale; the following criteria may serve as their standard, viz., the presence of sennoside derivatives and rhein, the occurrence of the reduced form of rhein and aloe-emodin, the leaves with any kind of palmate incision. Comprehensive multivariate analyses showed that there is a very close relationship between the leaf incision, existence of sennosides or rhein and purgative activity.     

基于ICP-MS法的加味左金丸中无机元素分析

目的 通过电感耦合等离子体质谱（inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry,ICP-MS）法建立加味左金丸中Cd、Pb、As、Hg、Co、V、Ni、Cu、Li、Sb、Ba、Mo、Sn、Cr、Na、Mg、Al、Ca、Ti、Mn、Fe、Zn、Ga、Se、Sr、Tl共计26种无机元素的测定方法。方法 加味左金丸通过微波消解法处理后,根据相对分子质量的大小选择内标物,其中⁷Li、²³Na、²⁴Mg、²⁷Al、⁴⁰Ca、⁴⁸Ti、⁵¹V、⁵²Cr、⁵⁵Mn、⁵⁶Fe、⁵⁸Ni、⁵⁹Co、⁶³Cu、⁶⁶Zn、⁷⁰Ga、⁷⁵As、⁷⁷Se、⁸⁶Sr以⁷²Ge作为内标;⁹⁵Mo、¹¹⁴Cd、¹¹⁸Sn、¹²¹Sb、¹³⁷Ba以¹¹⁵In作为内标;²⁰²Hg、²⁰⁵Tl、²⁰⁸Pb以²⁰⁹Bi作为内标。对标准品溶液、空白溶液与供试品溶液进行分析,采用标准曲线法进行定量分析。通过ICP-MS法进行测定。结果 26种无机元素线性的相关系数r ≥ 0.999 6,检出限为0.001~1.500μg/L,定量限为0.01~5.00 μg/L,精密度与重复性试验的RSD均小于5%,平均回收率在82.64%~106.44%,RSD均小于5%。对3个厂家的12批样品进行了测定,26种元素的含量差异较大,其中Na、Mg、Ca、Fe 4种元素的含量比较高,均大于500 μg/g,Cd、Pb、As、Hg、Co、Li、Sb、Mo、Sn、Cr、Se、Tl的含量比较低,均小于1 μg/g。由结果可知,人体的常量元素,如Na、Mg、Ca的含量比较高,Cd、Pb、As、Hg等有害元素含量比较低。根据《中国药典》2020年版一部的要求,本品中Cd、Pb、As、Hg与Cu均符合规定。结论 该方法快速、准确,可以用于加味左金丸中无机元素的测定。     

Wirksamkeit der Akupunktur bei der Therapie von idiopathischen Schmeckstörungen: Eine randomisierte Placebo-kontrollierte Studie

Background

At present, the state-of-the-art medication in treating idiopathic taste disorder (gustatory dysfunction) is zinc. If zinc medication was unsuccessful, not tolerated or if it is contraindicated the persons affected can hardly be helped.

Objectives

In a randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial an attempt was made to determine the efficacy of acupuncture.

Methods

The treatment group was treated with acupuncture needles, the placebo group with an inactive acupuncture-laser. Endpoints of the study were changes in the taste test, the quality of life and the severity of symptoms of depression (BDI) as well as mood changes (ZMS). Satisfaction with the success of the respective therapy was also evaluated. Data were collected before and after therapy and again for the treatment group 10 weeks after completion of the treatment period.

Findings

Treatment with real acupuncture showed a significant improvement in gustatory function as well as a significant improvement in psychological symptoms. Greater satisfaction with the treatment results was evident in the treatment group. The treatment results of acupuncture remained stable over a period of ten weeks after completion of the treatment.

Conclusion

Acupuncture was effective in the therapy of idiopathic taste disorders and therefore it is an effective alternative when zinc medication is not tolerated or unsuccessful. But it is also suitable as a therapy of first choice. Acupuncture can be considered as an extension of the therapeutic spectrum in the difficult treatment of taste disorders.     

Erstaunliches Ergebnis einer Schädelakupunktur nach Yamamoto bei Hemihypsarrhythmie rechts

A girl, three and a half years old at the respective date, premature in 25th week of gestation, had been presented. On day three after birth, she had had a IVH III° right and left with severe involvement of parenchyma and other multiple complications, e. a. infant respiratory distress syndrome up to the 42nd day postpartum, and epileptic attacks with apnoeic events.     

Veränderungen der Herzratenvariabilität (HRV) während Low Level Lasernadelakupunktur: Placebokontrollierte Studie an 19 herzgesunden Probanden

Background

Experimental and clinical studies postulate a neurobiological mechanism of acupuncture by modulating central pain systems, neurohormones and -transmitters. It seems to be quite likely that the autonomic nervous system (ANS) plays an important mediating role in this neuromodulation.

Aim

In measuring heart rate variability (HRV), as a non-invasive approach to the ANS-function, the object of this study was to monitor probable acupuncture-induced changes of autonomic balance. The innovative technology of laser-needle acupuncture offers for the first time a stimulation method which fulfils the demands on a placebo-controlled acupuncture trial not requiring controversial sham acupuncture.

Method

19 healthy voluntary subjects underwent 3 treatments in randomized sequence, consisting of placebo-, 1-point- (PC 6) and simultaneous 3-point- (PC 6, LR 3, SI 3) laser-needle-stimulation over 20 minutes. Before, during and after placebo-/verum laser-needle acupuncture, HRV-data for normalized HF(high frequency)- and LF(low frequency)-Power (nHF, nLF) and their quotient nLF/nHF obtained by power spectrum analysis (FFT), were measured and analyzed statistically at 5 different time points (ANOVA repeated measures, p < 0,05).

Results

During both verum applications, the 1-point- (PC 6) as well as the simultaneous 3-point- (PC 6, LR 3, SI 3) laser-needle stimulation, significant changes of the ANS-activity were found in comparison to the placebo application. The most significant modification of HRV was an increase of nHF (p < 0,05 (PC 6), p < 0,0001 (PC 6, LR 3, SI 3)) as an expression of growing vagal activity during acupuncture.

Conclusion

Laser-needle acupuncture causes in 1-point-stimulation (PC 6) as well as in simultaneous 3-point-stimulation (PC 6, LR 3, SI 3) significant changes in HRV in comparison to placebo application. HRV-monitoring seems to be a suitable approach in exploration of acupuncture-induced changes of ANS and could possibly be established in combination with laser needle acupuncture as a standard for further scientific and clinical acupuncture investigations which are greatly needed.