我国成人适宜体重指数切点的前瞻性研究

目的 分析我国成人队列基线体重指数（BMI）和随访期间总死亡率以及心血管病发病率的关系。为超重和肥胖的切点提供验证。方法 汇总我国现有队列人群的前瞻性研究数据。分析按BMI分层的年龄调整总死亡率，以显示基线BMI和总死亡的关系。以方差倒数加权平均方法求出在控制其他危险因素后BMI对于冠心病和脑卒中发病的综合Cox回归系数，以分析BMI对于冠心病和脑卒中发病是否有独立的作用以及其作用强度。结果 汇总分析4组队列人群共76227人，合计随访745346人年，结果表明，按BMI分层的年龄调整总死亡率呈“U”形曲线，在除外随访前3年内死亡之后和仅在不吸烟者，这种“U”形关系仍然存在，在BMI18.5以下和28以上死亡率升高，Cox回归分析结果显示BMI对于冠心病和脑卒中发病有独立于其他危险因素的作用，BMI每增加2kg/m^2，冠心病，总脑卒中和缺血型卒中发病的相对危险分别增高15.4%,6.1%和18.8%，将BMI控制在24以下男性可能减少冠心病和缺血型卒中发病11%和15%，女性可能减少二者发病各22%。结论 在中国成年人群以BMI18.5为体重过低，28为肥胖切点是适宜的。     

北京市中老年人体质指数与死亡的关系

目的：探讨北京市中老年人体质指数（BMI）与死亡的关系，方法：采用前瞻队列研究方法，于1991年对北京市40岁以上的自然人群共6209人进行基线危险因素调查后，并随访至1999年12月，对在随访期间发生的所有死亡病例按ICD－9编码进行登记，并在个体水平对BMI与总死亡及几种主要死因的关系进行分析。结果：近10年北京市中老年人前5位主要死因依次为心脑血管疾病，肺心病，消化道肿瘤，不明原因突然死亡，肺癌，其死亡构成比分别为33．3％，13．8％，11．2％，7．4％，5．6％，人群总死亡率及不吸烟者总死亡率均以BMI值23．6－26．2组最小，以此BMI组为参照，BMI＜21．2组上述二组人群总死亡的RR值分别为1．7和1．9，在BMI≥26．2组以上二组人群总死亡的RR值分别为1．3和1．5，BMI与心血管病死亡呈正关联，BMI≥26.2组较BMI＜21．2组心血管病死亡的RR值为1．2，BMI与肺心病，消化道肿瘤，肺癌，肺炎及不明原因突然死亡分别均呈U型关系，均以BMI值23．6－26．2组死亡率最低，与此BMI组相比，BMI＜21．2组因上述5种疾病死亡的RR值分别为14．8，1．1，5．6，2．4和2．6，BMI≥26．2组因上述5种疾病死亡的RR值分别为3．0，1．9，3．7，2．2和1．5，各BMI组均以心血管病死亡构成比最大（28．0％－54．8％），结论：北京市中老年人体质指数与总死亡呈U型关系；心脑血管疾病仍是目前影响人们健康的最主要疾病，其死亡危险性随BMI的增加而增加。     

老年人吸烟及戒烟与相关死亡的前瞻性研究

目的：前瞻性探讨男性老年人吸烟及戒烟与烟草有关疾病死亡的相互关系。方法：研究对象为1987年西安市22个军队干休所的全部男性离体干部,共计1268人,基线调查时,388人为不吸烟者,419人为吸烟者,461人为戒烟者。终点指标为全死因和与烟草有关疾病死亡。结果：截止1999年,共观察14163人年,平均随访11年。共死亡299人,943人存活,26人失访。在调整了年龄,血压、体重指数,总胆固醇,甘油三酯、饮酒,体育锻炼和既往病史等因素后,多元Cox生存分析模型显示：既往吸烟与该人群相关死亡的对危险度（95％CI）分别为总死亡1．34（1．02－1．76）、慢性阻塞性肺病（COPD）3．23（0．95－10．91）,肺癌、2．31（0．95－5．61）、冠心病1．60（0．81－3．19）。其死亡危险性随既吸烟量的增多和吸烟年限的延长而升高,存在明确的剂量反应关系。与继续吸烟者相比,戒烟总死亡和冠心病死亡和危险性分别下降56％和93％,但COPD的死亡危险却升高了174％。结论：（1）吸烟是中国男性老年人的主要死因之一,而戒烟降低总死亡和心血管病死亡;（2）戒烟者COPD死亡危险高于继续吸烟者的原因可能与“无病吸烟者作用”和“因病戒烟作用有关。     

中国成年人体质指数和腰围与主要慢性病风险的关联研究

目的 分析中国成年人BMI与主要慢性病发病及全死因死亡风险的关联。方法 本研究基于中国慢性病前瞻性研究,基线时测量研究对象的身高、体重和腰围。分析中剔除基线现患冠心病、脑卒中、恶性肿瘤、COPD和糖尿病者,纳入428 113名研究对象。使用Cox比例风险回归模型分析BMI和腰围与主要慢性病（包括心血管疾病、恶性肿瘤、COPD、2型糖尿病）发病及全死因死亡的关联。结果 在平均10年随访期间,共有131 454人发生≥ 1种上述慢性病,26 892人死亡。主要慢性病发病风险随BMI增加而升高,与正常体重（18.5 ≤ BMI<24.0 kg/m²）者相比,超重（24.0 ≤ BMI < 28.0 kg/m²）和肥胖（BMI > 28.0 kg/m²）者的风险比分别为1.26（95% CI：1.24~1.27）和1.59（95% CI：1.57~1.62）。BMI过低或过高均与全死因死亡风险升高有关。腰围与主要慢性病发病及全死因死亡风险呈正向关联。按照中国人群体重标准,将体重控制在正常范围可以减少约12%主要慢性病发病。结论 一般性肥胖和中心性肥胖是中国成年人主要慢性病发病的危险因素。     

血浆内脂素在不同体质指数冠心病患者的表达探讨

目的研究分析血浆内脂素在不同体质属冠心病患者的表达及冠状动脉病变程度的关系。方法择取2013年2月—2014年2期间在我院通过冠状造影诊断为冠心病的94例患者,同时,抽取同期94名健康志愿者作为对照,根据BMI水平分成肥胖组（即为BMI≥25 kg/m^2）与非肥胖组（即为BMI〈25 kg/m^2）。抽血检测血浆内脂素水平,同时记录好Gensini、冠状动脉病变支数等指标。结果冠心病组患者血浆内脂素水平显著高于对照组（P〈0.05）;非肥胖冠心病组的血浆内脂素、腰围、TG均明显高于非肥胖组对照组（P〈0.05）;肥胖冠心病组的血浆内脂素水平显著高于肥胖对照组,差异P〈0.05有统计学意义。肥胖冠心病组与非肥胖冠心病组,随着冠状动脉病变支数的增多,血浆内脂素水平、Gensini积分也明显增多（P〈0.05）。非肥胖冠心病组、肥胖冠心病组的相关分析显示血浆内脂素、冠状动脉病变支数（r1=0.515,P1=0.014;r2=0.609,P2〈0.05）、Gensini积分（r1=0.577,P1=0.005;r2=0.717,P2〈0.05）呈正相关性。结论冠心病患者的血浆内脂素水平相对较高,肥胖冠心病患者血浆内脂素增高程度更显著,不同BMI冠心病患者血浆内脂素与Gensini积分、冠状动脉病边指数呈正比相关性,血浆内脂素可作为预测冠心病的危险因素。     

2型糖尿病患者高尿酸血症与血管并发症相关危险因素分析

目的探讨2型糖尿病患者的高尿酸血症与血管并发症的相关性。方法对468例2型糖尿病患者的血尿酸及血管病变的相关性进行分析，根据血尿酸水平分为高尿酸水平组和正常尿酸水平组．分析两组患者的大血管和微血管病变发生率的差别。结果高尿酸组的体重指数（BMI）、甘油三酯（TG）、总胆固醇（TO）、尿素氮（BUN）、肌酐（Cr）、尿微量自蛋白，以及高血压、冠心病、糖尿病肾病合并率均高于尿酸正常组；而高密度脂蛋白-胆固醇（HDL—C）低于尿酸正常组，差异均有统计学意义。血尿酸水平与BMI、BUN、HDL、TG、空腹血糖（FPG）密切相关。结论2型糖尿病患者的血尿酸水平与高血压、冠心病合并率密切相关，与肥胖、脂代谢紊乱、肾功能等危险因素密切相关。预防糖尿病的慢性并发症不仅要生活方式干预，控制体重、血糖、血压、血脂．还应密切注意尿酸代谢。     

2型糖尿病患者体质指数变化与心血管病其他危险因素的关联研究

目的 分析2型糖尿病患者（T2DM）BMI变化与心血管病其他危险因素的关联。方法 基于农村社区T2DM队列,基线和随访时测量研究对象的身高、体重、血压、糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）、TC、TG、LDL-C和HDL-C。分析中剔除随访期间死亡及失访或信息不全者,共纳入8 953例研究对象。使用多重线性回归和Cox比例风险回归模型分析BMI变化和心血管病其他危险因素的关联。结果 基线调查时,有40.97%的T2DM患者伴有超重肥胖。超重肥胖组的SBP、DBP、TG水平显著高于BMI正常组,HDL-C水平低于BMI正常组（P<0.01）。随访期间,患者血糖控制率上升了15%,不同BMI变化组的HbA1c水平均有不同程度下降;与BMI持续正常组相比,持续超重肥胖组的HbA1c水平下降幅度较小,SBP、DBP上升幅度较大;HbA1c、SBP、DBP、TG、HDL-C不达标比例分别比BMI持续正常组高1.142（1.057~1.233）倍、1.123（1.055~1.196）倍、1.220（1.128~1.320）倍、1.400（1.282~1.528）倍、1.164（1.069~1.267）倍;BMI转为异常组血压、血脂等相关指标变化与持续超重肥胖组相似;BMI转为正常组血糖、血压等变化值以及不达标比例与BMI持续正常组差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。BMI变化值与SBP、DBP、TG和LDL-C的变化值呈正相关,与HDL-C呈负相关（P<0.05）。结论 BMI异常变化将伴随着血糖、血压、血脂等心血管疾病（CVD）危险因素的不利变化,BMI的正常化将有利于CVD不良因素的转归。     

上海市中老年男性体重指数与死亡的前瞻性研究

目的探讨上海市区中老年男性体重指数(BMI)与死亡的关系及年龄对这种关系的影响。方法1986年1月至1989年9月调查上海市区45～64岁男性居民18244人,每年上门随访一次;用Cox比例风险模型计算相对危险度(RR)。结果至2002年度随访结束,全队列共随访235762人年,人均随访12.9年,在此期间共死亡3365人。在不吸烟者中,相对于正常BMI组(BMI18.5～23.9),低BMI组(BMI<18.5)、超重组(BMI24～27.9)和肥胖组(BMI≥28)总死亡RR值分别为1.20、1.12和1.61;在不吸烟者中去除随访开始头5年随访资料后,三组相应的RR值分别为1.01、1.12和1.75。结肠癌和心脑血管疾病死亡危险性随BMI增加而上升;除肿瘤和心脑血管疾病之外的死亡,其中主要为一些感染性疾病死亡的危险性在低BMI组显著升高,去除随访开始头5年随访资料对此结果无明显影响。在基线调查时≥55岁的对象中,肥胖组总死亡危险性上升更明显;而在<55岁的对象中,BMI与总死亡无显著相关。结论上海市区的中老年男性中肥胖会增加总死亡危险性,在年龄较大者中这种趋势更明显;结肠癌及心脑血管疾病死亡危险性随BMI增加而上升;感染性疾病的死亡危险性则在低BMI组显著升高。     

社区高血压病人体质指数相关因素分析

目的了解社区高血压患者体质指数（BMI）和其他心脑血管疾病的危险因素的分布特点、冠心病发病风险、及它们间的相关情况。方法通过全人群现场调查和血压测量发现疑似病例，2w后对疑似病例复查来确诊高血压患者，对高血压患者进行详细的体检和血液的化验检查。对2015例确诊的社区高血压患者的资料进行统计分析。结果高血压患者中男性、女性的超重或肥胖患病率分别为57．2％、55．4％，远高于一般人群的患病率；BMI与甘油三酯（TG）、总胆固醇（TC）与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL—C）比值、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL—C）与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）比值、TG／HDL—C、血糖的水平呈正相关，与HDL—C水平呈负相关；BMI与未来10a冠心病的预测发病风险呈正相关；超重或肥胖患者中危险因素水平、异常率高于正常体重组。结论高血压患者伴发超重或肥胖时，心脑血管病的发病风险增加，为了预防和控制心脑血管疾病的发生，应及早控制并减轻体重。     

肥胖者血清肿瘤坏死因子-α与胰岛素水平的关系

目的：研究肥胖或超重者与体重正常者餐前、餐后血清肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF－α）与胰岛素（INS）水平的变化。方法：以体重指数（BMI）≥25为（或超重）组30例，体重指数＜25为正常对照组30例。分别于空腹及馒头（100g）餐后2h抽取肘静脉血，以放射免疫法测定血清TNF－α、INF的含量。结果：肥胖组空腹、餐后TNF－α水平变化差异无显著性，对照组餐后TNF－α水平较空腹明显升高（P＜0．001）；肥胖组空腹TNF－α水平较对照组升高（P＜0．001）；肥胖组、对照组餐后TNF－α水平差异无显著性，但餐后INS水平肥胖组较对照组升高（P＜0．01）。结论：肥胖者体内存在INS－TNF－α调节机制失衡，这一平衡失调具有双重作用。     

Obesity and mortality in a prospective study of a middle-aged industrial population

BACKGROUND: Although obesity is an established risk factor for coronary heart disease and stroke mortality, its role as a risk factor for other causes of death has not been extensively investigated, particularly in an industrial population. METHODS: This prospective mortality study included 20 years of follow up of middle-aged industrial workers (n = 7139) at Shell Oil Company's manufacturing and research facilities. Baseline health risk factor data as of December 31, 1983, and mortality data as of December 31, 2003, were extracted from the company's Health Surveillance System. Relative risks (RRs) for selected causes of death by body mass index (BMI) category were calculated using the Cox proportional hazards model adjusted for age, sex, and smoking status as well as other potential risk factors, ie, cholesterol, hypertension, and fasting blood glucose. RESULTS: Compared with employees with BMI between 18.5 and 24.9 kg/m, those with BMI of 30 kg/m or greater had a statistically increased RR (adjusted for age, sex, and smoking status) for all causes (RR, 1.25; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.03-1.51), coronary heart diseases (RR, 2.29; 95% CI = 1.50-3.50), cardiovascular diseases (RR, 2.22; 95% CI = 1.51-3.27), diabetes (RR, 16.97; 95% CI = 2.11-136.44), and accidental deaths (RR, 2.64; 95% CI = 1.23-5.66). After adjusting for additional covariates, coronary heart diseases and cardiovascular diseases remained statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: Obesity was associated with increased death rates for all causes, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and all accidents. Overweight individuals had a statistically lower cancer rate. Death rates for lung cancer and respiratory disease were lower among overweight/obese employees but did not reach statistical significance. Reductions of employee obesity can be an effective means of reducing these causes of death.     

Resting heart rate is a risk factor for cardiovascular and noncardiovascular mortality: the Chicago Heart Association Detection Project in Industry

In a prospective cohort study, associations of resting heart rate with risk of coronary, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and all-cause mortality in age-specific cohorts of black and white men and women were examined over 22 years of follow-up. Participants were employees from 84 companies and organizations in the Chicago, Illinois, area who volunteered for a screening examination. Participants included 9,706 men aged 18-39 years, 7,760 men aged 40-59 years, 1,321 men aged 60-74 years, 6,928 women aged 18-39 years, 6,915 women aged 40-59 years, and 1,151 women aged 60-74 years at the baseline examination in 1967-1973. Vital status was ascertained through 1992. For fatal coronary disease, multivariate-adjusted relative risks associated with a 12 beats per minute higher heart rate (one standard deviation) were as follows: for men aged 18-39 years, relative risk (RR) = 1.27 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.08-1.48); for men aged 40-59 years, RR = 1.13 (95% CI 1.05-1.21); for men aged 60-74 years, RR = 1.00 (95% CI 0.89-1.12); for women aged 40-59 years, RR = 1.21 (95% CI 1.07-1.36); and for women aged 60-74 years, RR = 1.16 (95% CI 0.99-1.37). Corresponding risks for all fatal cardiovascular diseases were similar to those for coronary death alone. Deaths from cancer were significantly associated with heart rate in men and women aged 40-59 years. All-cause mortality was associated with higher heart rate in men aged 18-39 years (RR = 1.11, 95% CI 1.01-1.20), men aged 40-59 years (RR = 1.16, 95% CI 1.11-1.21), and women aged 40-59 years (RR = 1.20, 95% CI 1.13-1.27). Heart rate was not associated with mortality in women aged 18-39 years. In summary, heart rate was a risk factor for mortality from coronary disease, all cardiovascular diseases, and all causes in younger men and in middle-aged men and women, and for cancer mortality in middle-aged men and women.     

The nutritional status of 1081 elderly people residing in publicly funded shelter homes in Peninsular Malaysia

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to determine the: (1) prevalence of undernutrition as determined by the 'DETERMINE Your Nutritional Health Checklist' (NHC) and (2) factors independently associated with undernutrition among the older residents of these publicly funded shelter homes in Peninsular Malaysia. DESIGN: A total of 1081 elderly people (59%M) over the age of 60 y were surveyed using questionnaires determining baseline demographics, nutritional and cognitive status, physical function and psychological well-being. SETTING: Shelter homes, Peninsular Malaysia. RESULTS: In all, 41.4% (n = 447) were nourished (score <3), 32.1% (n = 347) at moderate risk (score between 3 and 5) and 26.6% (n = 287) were at high risk of undernutrition (score>5) according to the NHC. A large proportion of subjects were underweight with 14.3% of subjects recording a low body mass index (BMI) <18.5 kg/m2 and a further 18.2% recording a BMI between 18.5 and 20 kg/m2. The residential geriatric depression score (GDS-12R) (relative risk (RR) = 1.03 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01-1.05); P = 0.002) and the number of illnesses (RR = 1.14 (95% CI 1.07-1.21); P < 0.001) were found to be independently associated with nutritional risk (NHC score > or = 3). Using a BMI < 18.5 kg/m2 as an objective marker for nutritional risk, the NHC was shown to have a sensitivity of 66.4% (95% CI 58.0-74.2%), specificity of 42.7% (95% CI 39.3-46.1%), positive predictive value of 16.2% (95% CI 13.3-19.5%) and a negative predictive value of 88.4% (95% CI 84.9-91.4%). CONCLUSIONS: Many elderly people residing in publicly funded shelter homes in Malaysia may be at-risk of undernutrition, and were underweight. The NHC is better used as an awareness tool rather than as a screening tool.     

The association between alcohol consumption and mortality: the Swedish women’s lifestyle and health study

Although light to moderate alcohol intake may reduce cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality, the effect on total mortality requires further study, particularly among young and middle-aged women. We studied the association between alcohol consumption and mortality from all causes, from cancer, and from CVD in the Swedish Women’s Lifestyle and Health Study, a cohort of 47,921 female residents of Sweden aged 30–49 years at baseline in 1991/1992 and followed up to 2006. We estimated the relative risk (RR) of mortality associated with alcohol intake using Cox regression adjusted for age, smoking, BMI, saturated fat intake, physical activity, and education. During 713,295 person-years of follow-up, 1,119 deaths occurred, including 158 deaths from CVD, 673 deaths from cancer, and 288 deaths from other causes. Compared with non-drinking, light to moderate drinking (0.1–19.9 g of alcohol per day) showed a statistically significant inverse association with total mortality (RR = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.71–0.98). Analyses of cause-specific mortality revealed an RR for CVD mortality of 0.69 (95% CI = 0.46–1.01) and an RR for cancer mortality of 0.92 (95% CI = 0.75–1.15). These results suggest that in younger women, a possibly beneficial effect of light to moderate drinking on future risk of mortality is limited to a prevention of CVD mortality but not cancer mortality.     

Education, lifestyle factors and mortality from cardiovascular disease and cancer. A 25-year follow-up of Swedish 50-year-old men.

BACKGROUND: There is a well-established inverse relation between education and mortality from cardiovascular disease and cancer. The reasons for this are still in part unclear. We aimed to investigate whether differences in traditional vascular risk factors, adult height, physical activity, and biomarkers of fatty acid and antioxidant intake, could explain this association. METHODS: In all, 2301 50-year-old men in Uppsala, Sweden (82% of the background population) were examined with regard to educational level, blood pressure, blood glucose, body mass index, serum lipids, smoking, body height, physical activity, serum beta carotene, alpha tocopherol, selenium, and serum fatty acids in cholesterol esters. Cause-specific mortality was registered 25 years later. RESULTS: Low education was associated with a higher rate of mortality from cardiovascular disease (crude relative risk [RR] = 1.67, 95% CI : 1.17-2.39), and from cancer (crude RR = 1.94, 95% CI : 1.21-3.10), compared to high educational attainment. Men with high education had an overall more beneficial risk factor profile concerning traditional cardiovascular risk factors, physical activity, and biomarkers of dietary intake of antioxidants and fat. After adjustment for all examined risk factors, the inverse gradient between education and cardiovascular mortality disappeared (RR in low education = 1.01. 95% CI : 0.67-1.52). Controlling for smoking, physical activity and dietary biomarkers explained less than half of the excess cancer mortality in the lower educational groups. Smoking (adjusted RR = 1.89, 95% CI : 1.37-2.61), and high proportions of palmitoleic acid in serum cholesterol esters (adjusted RR per 1 SD = 1.39, 95% CI : 1.07-1.82) predicted cancer mortality, independently of all other factors. There were no independent relations between serum antioxidants and mortality. CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate that modifiable lifestyle factors mediate the inverse gradient between education and death from cerebro- and cardiovascular disease. Smoking, physical activity and dietary factors explained half of the excess cancer mortality in lower educated groups. Further studies are needed to explore the proposed association between palmitoleic acid, a marker of high intake of animal and dairy fat, and cancer.     

Age and race impact the association between BMI and CVD mortality in women

OBJECTIVES: In previous studies, we have shown that obesity is associated with increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in white women but not in black women. Earlier research suggests that body mass index (BMI) has a greater effect on CVD mortality in younger white females than older white females, whereas this relationship in black women is not as clear. This study examines the effect of age on the association of BMI to CVD in black and white women. METHODS: The Black Pooling Project includes data on 2,843 black women with 50,464 person-years of follow-up, and 12,739 white women with 214,606 person-years of follow-up. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to examine the association between BMI and CVD mortality for specific age/race groups. The younger group was < 60 years of age and the older group was > 60 years of age. RESULTS: In younger white women, the relative risk (95% confidence interval [CI]) for CVD mortality was significant in obese women (BMI > 30 kg/m2) vs. women of normal weight (BMI 18.5-24.9 kg/m2) (1.59 [CI 1.20, 2.09]). Similarly, in older white women, the relative risk for CVD mortality in obese women vs. women of normal weight was significant (1.21 [CI 1.04, 1.41]). There were no such associations for black women. Overweight (BMI 25-29.9 kg/m2) was not associated with increased risk in black or white women. CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that obesity is associated with a significantly greater risk of CVD mortality among white women, with the strongest association among white women < 60 years of age.     

Body mass index and mortality in South Korean men resulting from cardiovascular disease: a Kangwha cohort study

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the association of body mass index (BMI) with death caused by total cardiovascular disease in a long-term follow-up study. METHODS: We followed a total of 2608 men who were 55 years or older in 1985 from March 1985 through December 2001 to investigate their mortality. The hazard ratios of mortality as the result of cardiovascular disease by BMI level were estimated with the Cox proportional hazards model, adjusting for relevant covariates. RESULTS: For the group with a BMI >/= 27 kg/m(2) compared with the reference group (BMI, 21.0-22.9), the adjusted hazard ratio of death resulting from total cardiovascular disease was 2.4 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.5-3.9) and that of death resulting from cerebrovascular disease was 3.6 (95% CI, 2.0-6.3). Observing nonsmoking subjects only, the BMI <18.5 kg/m(2) group had a 4.6 times (95% CI, 1.8-11.8) greater risk of death attributed to total cardiovascular disease than the reference group and a 4.7 times (95% CI, 1.4-16.2) greater risk of death from cerebrovascular disease. CONCLUSION: This study defined that BMI is related to Korean male deaths caused by total cardiovascular disease. The risk of death attributed to total cardiovascular disease and cerebrovascular disease was significantly increased in the group, with a BMI >/=27 kg/m(2). In our study, in the case of nonsmokers, low BMI was shown to be related to deaths from cardiovascular disease. Such result is different from those of previous studies.     

Suicide risk among chernobyl cleanup workers in estonia still increased: an updated cohort study

PURPOSE: The aim of the study is to examine the mortality experience among Chernobyl cleanup workers. METHODS: A cohort study of 4786 men from Estonia who participated in the Chernobyl cleanup from 1986 to 1991 and were traced until December 31, 2002. Standardized mortality ratio (SMR) and adjusted mortality rate ratio (RR) derived through Poisson regression analysis were calculated. RESULTS: During follow-up, 550 deaths occurred, yielding an SMR of 1.01 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.92-1.09). Increased risks were observed for suicide alone (SMR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.03-1.67) and suicide combined with undetermined injury (SMR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.03-1.60). One leukemia death occurred, and no thyroid cancer deaths were found. Elevated mortality also was observed for brain cancer (SMR, 2.78; 95% CI, 1.02-6.05). The adjusted RR for suicide remained stable over the time passed since return from the Chernobyl area, showing RRs of 1.09 (95% CI, 0.56-2.10) for 5 to 9 years and 1.00 (95% CI, 0.48-2.05) for 10 or more years compared with less than 5 years. CONCLUSIONS: During the 17 years after the accident, suicide risk in the cohort was greater than in the general male population. No elevated risk in overall mortality and radiation-related cancers was observed. The long-term nature of this elevated risk provides concrete evidence that psychological consequences represent the largest public health problem caused by the accident to date.     

Weight and mortality in Finnish women

Mortality in relation to body mass index (BMI) was studied in 17,159 healthy Finnish women aged 25-79 followed up for a median of 12 years. Mortality from all cases was related to BMI only in non-smokers aged 25-64, among whom the mortality pattern was "U"-shaped, with a minimum in the second quintile of BMI (the reference range), and about 1.5 times higher in quintiles I and V. Most of the excess risk of mortality among overweight women was due to cardiovascular diseases. During the first 7 years of follow-up, and high risk (relative risk (RR) = 1.7, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.0-2.9 for quintile V compared to quintile II) depended on the association of BMI with the initial blood pressure level, but in the later years, the relative risk of cardiovascular death, ranging from 1.6 (95% CI = 1.0-2.5) for women in quintile III up to 2.6 (95% Ci = 1.7-4.0) for those in quintile V, was largely independent of the baseline levels of the main biological risk factors. The excess mortality among thin women under the age of 65 was mainly due to non-cardiovascular diseases (RR = 1.7, 95% CI = 1.2-2.3 for quintile I compared to quintile II) and was not attributable to antecedent disease, smoking or the biological risk factors studied. Among women aged 65 and over, overall mortality varied little with BMI, but thinness seemed to predict deaths from cancers (RR = 1.6, 95% CI = 0.9-3.0).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)