AO微型钢板螺钉与克氏针治疗掌指骨骨折的比较研究

目的　比较采用AO微型钢板螺钉与克氏针固定治疗掌、指骨骨折的临床效果。方法　AO微型钢板螺钉内固定治疗组 2 0例 2 8处骨折 ,术后随访 2～ 12个月 ,平均 4.7个月。克氏针固定治疗组 3 0例 41处骨折 ,术后随访 1年以上。以TAFS标准评价术后掌指关节及指间关节功能和术后感染及骨折愈合时间。结果　微型钢板固定组优良率为 82 .1% (2 3 / 2 8) ,克氏针固定组优良率为 70 .7(2 9/ 4 1) ,两组差异有显著意义 (P <0 .0 5) ;微型钢板组 19处开放性骨折中 3处发生感染 ,克氏针组 2 9处开放性骨折中 5处发生感染。骨折愈合时间微型钢板组为 4～ 6周 ,平均 4.8周 ;克氏针组为 6～ 9周 ,平均 7.8周 ,2例发生骨不连。结论　从术后关节功能恢复的优良率、感染率以及骨折愈合时间相比 ,AO微型钢板组的疗效明显优于克氏针组     

微型钢板与克氏针内固定治疗掌、指骨骨折的疗效分析

目的:探讨在治疗掌、指骨骨折时,应用微型钢板与克氏针内固定治疗的疗效。方法:将78例(92处)掌、指骨骨折患者随机分成2组:微型钢板内固定组(39例45处)与克氏针内固定组(39例47处),两组分别从手术时间、骨折愈合时间、术后关节功能恢复情况、并发症发生率等方面进行分析比较。结果:78例患者随访3～12个月,平均(8.8±3.3)个月,92处骨折均达到骨性愈合。微型钢板内固定组手术时间明显长于克氏针内固定组(P<0.05),骨折愈合时间明显缩短(P<0.05)。微型钢板内固定组关节功能评价优良率为91.11%,感染率为4.44%;克氏针内固定组关节功能评价优良率为63.83%,感染率为23.40%,两组优良率及感染率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:微型钢板内固定在治疗掌、指骨骨折时有利于骨折愈合及患者早期进行功能锻炼,其骨折愈合时间明显短于克氏针内固定组,术后关节功能评价明显优于克氏针内固定组,术后感染发生率低,值得广泛应用。     

AO微型钢板与交叉克氏针治疗掌、指骨骨折的疗效对比

目的评价AO微型钢板和克氏针治疗掌、指骨骨折的疗效。方法共评价68例88处掌、指骨骨折病例，分为AO微型钢板组（26例37处）及交叉克氏针组（42例5l处），随访3～12个月（平均5．3个月）。以TAFS评分为评价标准。结果所有病例均达骨性愈合。AO微型钢板组TAFS评分中，优良率为78．4％；而交叉克氏针组为54．9％。两者的TAFS功能评分结果差异有统计学意义（x^2=5．179，P〈0．05），前者明显优于后者。AO微型钢板组延迟愈合率为2．70％；交叉克氏针组为7．84％，前者优于后者。AO微型钢板组平均骨折愈合时间为4．5周，交叉克氏针组为7．6周，两者结果差异有统计学意义（t=2．964，P〈0．05），前者病例骨折愈合时间明显短于后者。两者术后感染率相似。结论AO微型钢板治疗掌、指骨骨折在术后关节功能恢复情况、骨折延迟愈合率及骨折愈合时间、并发症发生等指标上明显优于交叉克氏针固定，但在术后感染率上无明显差异。     

微型钢板与交叉克氏针治疗掌指骨骨折的疗效比较

目的：探讨微型钢板与克氏针内固定治疗掌指骨骨折疗效。方法：对55例68处骨折分为微型钢板内固定组（33例43处）及交叉克氏针组（22例25处）治疗，同时比较两种方法的治疗结果。结果：55例随访3～12个月（平均8．9个月），68处均愈合。按TAFS评分：微型钢板内固定组优良率为90．7％，交叉克氏针组优良率为68％。两组的TAFS功能评分结果差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。平均骨折愈合时间：微型钢板内固定组为4．6周，交叉克氏针组为7．6周，两者结果差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。感染率：微型钢板内固定组为7．0％，交叉克氏针组为24％，两者结果差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论：微型钢板内固定治疗掌指骨骨折在术后关节功能恢复情况、骨折愈合时间、术后感染情况都明显优于交叉克氏针内固定。     

微型钢板与克氏针在急诊治疗闭合性近节指骨骨折的临床疗效分析

目的比较微型钢板与克氏针在急诊治疗闭合性近节指骨骨折的临床疗效。方法 2010年1月-2016年12月收治并行急诊手术修复闭合性近节指骨骨折68例,其中克氏针内固定组38例,微型钢板内固定组30例,术后随访2～12个月,平均5.6个月。采用美国手外科协会评分(TAFS)评价术后掌指关节及指间关节活动功能。对近节指骨骨折愈合时间、功能恢复情况及感染率进行统计及分析。结果微型钢板内固定组骨折愈合时间平均为4.6周,优良率为93.33%,术后无1例发生感染;克氏针内固定组骨折愈合时间平均为5.7周,优良率为86.84%,术后感染率7.89%。结论微型钢板内固定在术后骨折愈合时间、关节活动功能及感染率等均较克氏针内固定具有优势。     

微型外固定支架与钢板、克氏针内固定治疗掌指骨骨折的比较研究

目的 比较采用微型外固定支架、钢板、克氏针内固定治疗掌、指骨骨折的临床效果.方法 微型外固定支架组21例、25处骨折,术后随访4～6月,平均5个月.钢板固定治疗组病例17例、20处骨折,术后随访4～6月,平均5月.克氏针固定治疗组19例、23处骨折.术后随访5～9个月,平均7个月.以RAFS标准评价术后掌指关节及指间关节功能和术后感染及骨折愈合时间.结果 外固定支架优良率为88%(22/25),钢板固定组优良率75%(15/20),克氏针固定组优良率为70%(16/23),三组均有明显差异(P＜0.05).结论 从术后关节功能恢复的优良率、感染率以及骨折愈合时间相比,外固定支架的疗效明显优于其它两组.     

两种内固定方法治疗掌指骨骨折的疗效分析

目的比较采用克氏针内固定和微型钛板治疗掌、指骨骨折的临床效果。方法克氏针内固定治疗组42例45处骨折,术后随访1.5～12个月,平均8.4个月;微型钛板内固定治疗组28例36处骨折,术后随访2～12个月,平均9.2个月。以TAFS标准评价术后掌指关节及指间关节功能和术后感染及骨折愈合时间。结果克氏针固定组优良率为68.9%,微型钛板固定组优良率为80.6%,克氏针固定组与微型钛板组差异有显著意义(P<0.05)。克氏针组33处开放性骨折中5处发生感染;微型钛板组26处开放性骨折中3处发生感染。骨折愈合时间微型钛板组为7～12周,平均8.1周;克氏针组为6～12周,平均7.8周。结论从术后关节功能恢复的优良率、感染率以及骨折愈合时间相比,微型钛板组的疗效明显优于克氏针组,克氏针组骨折愈合时间较前者短。     

微型钢板与克氏针内固定治疗掌指骨骨折的疗效比较

目的比较微型钢板与克氏针内固定治疗掌指骨骨折的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析自2015-01—2016-09诊治的66例掌指骨骨折,采用克氏针内固定33例(克氏针组),采用微型钢板内固定33例(钢板组)。结果 66例均获得随访,随访时间平均13(10~25)个月。微型钢板组骨折愈合时间明显短于克氏针组,掌指关节功能优良率明显高于克氏针组,且并发症发生率低于克氏针组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论与克氏针内固定相比,微型钢板内固定治疗掌指骨骨折的效果更好,可加速骨折愈合,促进掌指关节功能康复,减少并发症的发生。     

顺行髓内克氏针治疗成人指骨颈骨折

目的探讨顺行髓内克氏针治疗Al-QattanⅡ型及Ⅲ型成人指骨颈骨折的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2014—2017年8例成人指骨颈骨折,男6例,女2例;年龄15～49岁,平均27岁。拇指近节指骨骨折5例,示指近节指骨骨折1例,小指中节指骨骨折2例。跌伤4例,挤压伤4例。采用闭合复位顺行髓内克氏针固定,术后辅以石膏固定,并对骨折固定情况及关节功能进行评价。结果术后伤口均愈合良好,无感染及骨折移位情况,随访时间3～12个月,骨折愈合时间平均6周左右。末次随访时患指指间关节活动度87.5°～93.3°,平均91.1°,外观良好,无明显疤痕形成。手功能恢复按中华医学会手外科学会上肢部分功能评定试用标准评价,优8例,优良率100%。结论顺行髓内克氏针治疗成人指骨颈不稳定骨折,可有效保持骨折断端固定稳定,同时避免软骨损伤和关节僵硬,有利于患者的早期康复。     

微型钛板与交叉克氏针治疗掌指骨骨折的疗效比较

目的 评价微型钛板和克氏针治疗掌、指骨骨折的疗效.方法 对59例80处掌、指骨骨折的患者,随机采用交叉克氏针固定(A组,26例37处)和微型钛板固定(B组,33例43处).结果 术后随访时间为3-12个月(平均7.6个月),所有骨折均达到骨性愈合.根据中华医学会手外科学会上肢部分功能评定试用标准评定:A组优13处,良11处,差13处,优良率为64.9%;B组优26处,良13处,差4处,优良率为90.7%;B组优于A组.感染率比较:A组9处(9/37,占24.3%),B组3处(3/43,占7.0%),B组低于A组.骨折平均愈合时间:A组为7.6周,B组4.6周.术后并发症:B组在关节僵硬、局部不适及肌腱粘连等方面均低于A组.结论 微型钛板治疗掌、指骨骨折在术后各项指标上均明显优于交叉克氏针固定.     

Trochanteric and Subtrochanteric Fractures: One Year Follow-up of a Prospective Study of Ender and McLaughlin Osteosynthesis

The clinical and social status of 110 patients with trochanteric and subtrochanteric fractures was evaluated in a prospective and comparative study 1 year after Ender or McLaughlin osteosynthesis.

In both groups the mortality rate during the first year was 21 per cent. There were no significant differences between the two groups concerning pain, hip movement, walking ability or the social status of the patients. Of the 110 patients surviving the first year, 35 per cent were unable to walk, 20 per cent walked with a cane or crutches and 30 per cent had periodic pains in the hip or knee. About 20 per cent of the patients admitted from their own home now lived in nursing homes.     

Decision-making in burst fractures of the thoracolumbar and lumbar spine

The most common site of injury to the spine is the thoracolumbar junction which is the mechanical transition junction between the rigid thoracic and the more flexible lumbar spine. The lumbar spine is another site which is more prone to injury. Absence of stabilizing articulations with the ribs, lordotic posture and more sagitally oriented facet joints are the most obvious explanations. Burst fractures of the spine account for 14% of all spinal injuries. Though common, thoracolumbar and lumbar burst fractures present a number of important treatment challenges. There has been substantial controversy related to the indications for nonoperative or operative management of these fractures. Disagreement also exists regarding the choice of the surgical approach. A large number of thoracolumbar and lumbar fractures can be treated conservatively while some fractures require surgery. Selecting an appropriate surgical option requires an in-depth understanding of the different methods of decompression, stabilization and/or fusion. Anterior surgery has the advantage of the greatest degree of canal decompression and offers the benefit of limiting the number of motion segments fused. These advantages come at the added cost of increased time for the surgery and the related morbidity of the surgical approach. Posterior surgery enjoys the advantage of being more familiar to the operating surgeons and can be an effective approach. However, the limitations of this approach include inadequate decompression, recurrence of the deformity and implant failure. Though many of the principles are the same, the treatment of low lumbar burst fractures requires some additional consideration due to the difficulty of approaching this region anteriorly. Avoiding complications of these surgeries are another important aspect and can be achieved by following an algorithmic approach to patient assessment, proper radiological examination and precision in decision-making regarding management. A detailed understanding of the mechanism of injury and their unique biomechanical propensities following various forms of treatment can help the spinal surgeon manage such patients effectively and prevent devastating complications.     

Fractures of the thumb and finger metacarpals in athletes

Most metacarpal fractures are minimally displaced and are treated without surgery. Markedly displaced fractures, fractures causing finger rotation, and displaced intra-articular fractures require surgical intervention. The challenge with the elite athlete is achieving an early return to play without compromising fracture position. Casts, splints, and surgery each have a role in getting the athlete back into action as soon as possible.     

不稳定骨盆骨折合并髋臼骨折的手术治疗

目的探讨手术治疗不稳定骨盆骨折合并髋臼骨折的临床疗效。方法对15例不稳定骨盆骨折合并髋臼骨折患者进行手术复位内固定,术后早期功能锻炼。结果患者均获随访,时间12～38个月。术中无血管神经损伤发生,无切口感染、内固定松动及断裂、骨不愈合、明显双下肢不等长。髋臼骨折复位效果按MattaX线评估标准：优8例,良5例,一般2例。功能恢复根据Majeed评分标准：优5例,良8例,可2例。结论手术治疗不稳定骨盆骨折合并髋臼骨折可获得满意的临床疗效。     

Unusual combined scaphoid and lunate fracture of the wrist: a case report

All perilunate fracture-dislocations combine ligament ruptures, bone avulsions, and fractures in a variety of clinical forms. The most frequent is the dorsal trans-scaphoid perilunate dislocation. In rare cases, however, these dislocations also have been associated with capitate fractures, triquetral fractures, or lunate fracture. We report a combined scaphoid and lunate fracture of the wrist that was not associated with perilunate dislocation.     

Hoffa骨折的临床特点及治疗

目的探讨Hoffa骨折的临床特点及治疗方法。方法对5例Hoffa骨折患者1例保守治疗、4例切开复位内固定治疗。结果5例均获随访，时间13—31个月。功能恢复参照Letenneur方法进行评估：优良3例，可2例。结论Hoffa骨折的临床特点以膝关节屈曲外翻位损伤多见，外髁发生率较高。X线对诊断价值有限，多借助CT检查。治疗原则是解剖复位，坚强内固定，早期功能康复锻炼。     

Surgical Management Navicular and Cuboid Fractures

Cuboid fractures are not uncommonly associated with concurrent fractures or injuries of the midfoot or medial column. The mechanism of injury resulting in a cuboid fracture may be a direct impact to the cuboid or from indirect force acting on the cuboid from the foot and ankle. Typically the mechanism in an indirect injury is a rotational force in a plantarflexed position and abduction, causing the cuboid to get crushed between its adjacent articulations with the calcaneus and metatarsals.²⁰ A

Cuboid Intra-Articular Fracture

The patient is placed supine on the operating room table with an ipsilateral hip bump. The lower extremity is exsanguinated and a thigh tourniquet is inflated. A 6-cm longitudinal incision is made directly over the cuboid at the dorsolateral foot. Dissection is carried deep to the extensor digitorum brevis and then the muscle belly is reflected off the periosteum and retracted dorsally. The cuboid is visualized and the calcaneocuboid and tarsometatarsal joints are inspected. A Freer elevator is

     

Co-existing ipsilateral subcapital and subtrochanteric fracture of the proximal femur

Background  Co-existing subcapital and subtrochanteric fracture on the same side of the hip is rare. We are not aware of a similar case reported in the literature. Case study  We present a rare case of co-existing ipsilateral subcapital and subtrochanteric fracture in a 67-year-old woman. The mechanism of injury was low energy. Therapeutic implication  The outcome of internal fixation using a Proximal Femoral Nail was satisfactory. This work was carried out in the Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, Southend University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Essex, UK.     

The isolated posterior malleolar fracture and syndesmotic instability: A case report and review of the literature

IntroductionAnkle fractures are among the most common type of fractures in the lower extremity. A posterior malleolar fracture is frequently part of a more complex ankle fracture and only in rare cases it occurs as isolated injury. Posterior malleolar fractures often occur with associated injuries, such as a Maisonneuve fracture or with bi- or trimalleolar ligamentous injuries. Knowledge about these associated injuries is essential to prevent missed diagnoses. The aim of this article is to describe the isolated posterior malleolar fracture, the possible associated injuries, the diagnostic work-up and therapeutic consequences.Presentation of caseWe present a case of a 26-year-old male patient who sustained an isolated posterior malleolar fracture with 4.5 years follow-up.DiscussionIsolated fractures of the posterior malleolus are uncommon injuries. Diagnosis, treatment and outcome can seldom be extracted from large series. However, several cases have been described in literature, which we have summarized.ConclusionThis case report and literature review shows that isolated posterior malleolar fractures might occur as part of a more complex ankle injury, in combination with a fracture of the lower leg or after high energy trauma. Physicians should be aware of these associated injuries. Diagnostic work-up should include X-rays of the knee and lower leg and a CT scan of the ankle. If diagnosed and treated properly, isolated posterior malleolar fractures have a good long-term functional outcome.