第一跖骨双截骨矫正重度口外翻畸形

 目的 探讨第一跖骨双截骨矫正重度外翻畸形的手术疗效。方法 回顾性分析2008年1月至2011年12月,采用第一跖骨双截骨术治疗并获得随访的62例(87足)第一跖骨远端关节面角(distal metatarsal articular angle, DMAA)增大的重度外翻患者资料,男9例(14足),女53例(73足);年龄28～70岁,平均56岁。术前X线片示外翻角(hallux valgus angle,HVA)平均为48.6°,第一、二跖骨间角(intermetatarsal angle,IMA)平均为19.8°,DMAA平均为22.1°。术前根据患者畸形情况制定手术方案,截骨部位、角度、截骨量均依据术前测量值操作。比较术前、术后及取内固定前HVA、IMA、DMAA的变化,同时采用美国足踝外科协会(AOFAS)趾-跖趾-趾间关节功能评分标准评价疗效。结果 62例(87足)获得随访,随访时间为10～57个月,平均21个月。术后6个月, HVA 14.6°±1.2°, IMA 7.9°±0.7°,DMAA 7.7°±0.9°,矫形效果均满意。术后出现僵硬2例,皮神经损伤2例,转移性跖痛1例,无一例发生畸形明显复发、骨不愈合及跖骨坏死。术后AOFAS评分由术前平均(28.4±9.1)分达到术后1年的(91.8±1.8)分;49足为优,31足为良,7足为可,优良率为92.0%(80/87)。结论 第一跖骨双截骨术可有效矫正DMAA增大的重度外翻畸形,患者术后可早期部分负重,并发症少,手术疗效佳。     

改良Ludloff截骨术的几何形态学基础及其临床应用

目的 探讨Ludloff截骨术治疗母外翻后出现跖骨短缩、抬高及远端旋转的解决方案.方法 30例正常足,摄足部正侧位X线片,测量第一跖骨的长度及矢状面截骨角.计算在不同截骨条件下跖骨的抬高、短缩及旋前的理论值.根据该理论值,设计Ludloff截骨术的手术方案治疗??外翻.18例23足??外翻患者,如第一跖骨头内旋<3°,行单纯Ludloff截骨术;内旋角度为3°~6°,需行有冠状面截骨角的Ludloff截骨术;内旋角度>6°,行基底在外侧的楔形截骨;其中8足同时行第一跖骨远端截骨术以矫正跖骨远端关节角.采用??趾跖趾-趾间关节评分表及二至五趾跖趾-趾间关节评分表(AOFAS)进行疗效评定.结果 正常足第一跖骨的长度为4.60~6.90cm,平均(6.09±0.43)cm;矢状面截骨角为20.7°~31.3°,平均25.58°±2.73°.18例患者均获得随访,随访时间6~24个月,平均18个月.??趾跖趾-趾间关节评分:90~100分18足(78%),80~89分3足(13%),70~79分足2例(9%),评分平均增加36分(术前56分,术后92分);二至五趾跖趾-趾间关节评分:90~100分5足(22%),80~89分7足(30%),70~79分11足(48%),评分平均增加21分(术前59分,术后80分).结论 根据??外翻患者第一跖骨头不同的内旋角度,选取有冠状面截骨角或有基底在外侧的楔形截骨的Ludloff截骨术,可取得较理想的临床疗效.     

改良第1跖楔关节融合联合近节趾骨近端截骨术治疗足拇外翻畸形疗效观察

目的观察改良第1跖楔关节融合术联合近节趾骨近端截骨术治疗中、重度足拇外翻畸形疗效。方法回顾性分析自2015-03—2018-05采用改良第1跖楔关节融合联合近节趾骨近端截骨术治疗中、重度足拇外翻23例(27足)足拇外翻畸形。结果 23例均获得随访,随访时间平均26.9(12～36)个月。末次随访时所有患者第1跖楔关节均骨性融合,未出现螺钉断裂或内固定失效。末次随访时第1跖趾关节外翻角为(16.2±2.4)°,第1、2跖骨间角为(8.5±1.0)°,跖骨远端关节固定角为(8.5±1.2)°,足踝功能AOFAS评分为(88.2±4.7)分,以上指标均较术前明显改善,差异有统计学意义(P 0.05)。结论改良第1跖楔关节融合联合近节趾骨近端截骨术治疗第1跖楔关节松弛的中、重度足拇外翻患者效果良好,但该术式对术者要求较高,特别是行近节趾骨近端截骨术时一定要把握截骨的分寸。     

Reverdin截骨术治疗外翻疗效分析

目的 观察 Reverdin手术治疗外翻的疗效。方法 自 1992年～ 1998年实施 Reverdin手术治疗外翻患者 17例 31足。术前于负重位行 X线检查,测量外翻角平均为 30°,第一跖骨间角平均 10.9°,近端关节固定角平均 19°。按常规治疗外翻的手术方法行趾跖外侧挛缩组织松解,显露跖骨头并切除内侧骨赘;同时按术前 X线片上划出的截骨线,测量楔形基底宽度,对跖骨头楔形内翻进行截骨,充分纠正近端关节固定角。结果 随访 1～ 8年,平均 4年 5个月, 17例 31足,优 10例 19足、良 6例 11足、差 1例 1足,优良率 96.8％。术后无一例出现截骨延迟愈合及跖骨头缺血性坏死。术后负重位 X线片复查示,近端关节固定角平均为 1.95°,平均改善 17°;外翻角平均 14.3°,平均改善 15°;第一跖骨间角平均 5.8°,平均改善 5°。结论 术前测量近端关节固定角是正确选择外翻手术方式的重要依据,可增加手术治疗的成功率,减少术后复发。     

人工跖趾关节置换结合截骨矫形治疗前足畸形

目的探讨论Swanson人工跖趾关节置换术结合Peterson截骨矫形术治疗严重足母外翻合并小趾内翻、锤状指、痛风性关节炎、骨囊肿等前足畸形的临床疗效。方法采用Swanson人工跖趾关节置换结合Peterson截骨矫形术对15例(17足)前足畸形患者实施手术治疗,其中男5例(6足),女10例(11足);年龄52～74岁,平均年龄67岁。其中单纯足母外翻2足,足母外翻伴小趾内翻5足,足母外翻伴锤状指6足,创伤性关节炎3足,足母外翻伴骨囊肿、痛风性关节炎1足。使用美国足踝外科协会(American orthopaedic foot and ankle society,AOFAS)评分及视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)评分对手术前后行走功能、疼痛感、能否穿鞋、跖趾关节活动度等方面进行评价。结果患者均进行6～24个月随访,术后行走功能恢复,其中13足疼痛基本消失,4足疼痛明显缓解。患者均未出现假体松动,截骨移位,感染等情况。AOFAS评分由术前(50.6±5.56)分增加至术后(80.23±4.36)分,差异有统计学意义(t=-26.25,P0.05)。结论 Swanson人工跖趾关节置换术结合Peterson截骨矫形术治疗前足复杂畸形的疗效显著。     

McBride联合Akin截骨治疗合并痛风的轻度足母外翻

目的 探讨McBride联合Akin截骨治疗合并痛风的轻度外翻的临床效果.方法 回顾性分析我院手足显微外科于2011年2月至2015年1月采用McBride联合Akin截骨术治疗合并痛风轻度外翻患者疗效.共17例患者(23足),男4例(6足),女13例(17足).对患者采用McBride联合Akin截骨进行治疗.术前第一、二跖骨间角(intemetatarsal angle,IMA)平均为8.0°±1.5°,术前外翻角(hallux valgus angle,HVA)平均为23.5°±5.5°,根据美国足踝外科协会(American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Soci-ety,AOFAS)趾-跖趾-趾间关节功能评分标准评价术前评分,平均为(38.4±7.2)分.结果 患者均获得随访,随访时间为4~48个月,平均为26.8个月,截骨处切口愈合时间平均为12周,均一期愈合.患者第一跖趾关节疼痛消失,未出现术后转移性跖骨痛.术后IMA平均为5.5°±1.5°,术后HAV平均为12.5°±1.5°,术后AOFAS趾-跖趾-趾间关节功能评分平均为(86.2±3.6)分,分别与术前比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05).术后AOFAS趾-跖趾-趾间关节功能评分:15足为优、7足为良、1足为差,优良率为95.7%(22/23).结论 对于合并痛风的轻度外翻患者,采用McBride联合Akin截骨术,能有效地减小HVA,并较好地解除患者的疼痛,改善足部外形,获得满意疗效.     

Weil截骨治疗(足母)外翻转移性跖痛

[目的]回顾分析Weil截骨治疗(踇)外翻转移性跖痛的疗效.[方法]自2004年至200:5年联合应用第1跖骨基截骨及Weil截骨治疗伴有外侧跖骨头转移性跖痛的中重度外翻17例25足.患足手术前后常规拍摄足正侧位片,测量足母外翻角(HVA),I-Il跖骨间角(IMA),使用美国足踝外科协会(踇)趾-跖趾-趾间关节评分系统(AOFAS)评分评估临床疗效.手术方法根据患者术前症状选择第1跖骨基底截骨联合外侧跖骨头Weil截骨.[结果]患者(踇)外翻角(HVA)术前为32°±5.7°,术后为12.8°±3.5°;Ⅰ-Ⅱ跖骨间角(IMA)术前为23.2°±3.7°,术后为10.5°±0.7°;AOFAS评分术前45.6±6.9分,术后86.9±4.6分;Weil截骨术后的跖骨短缩3-8 mm,平均4.5 mm;术后18足跖痛症状完全缓解,7例好转,所有患者日常生活正常,无需进一步治疗.[结论] (踇)母外翻术前应综合分析足部的生物力学变化,对伴有外侧转移性跖痛的严重(踇)外翻患者,联合使用第1跖骨基截骨和外侧跖骨头Weil截骨可获得良好疗效.     

Jacoby截骨联合Reverdin矫形术治疗跖骨头坏死合并(足母)外翻

[目的]探讨Jacoby截骨术联合Reverdin矫形术治疗第二跖骨头坏死合并(足母)外翻的临床疗效,为临床治疗第2跖骨头坏死合并(足母)外翻提供方法及依据。[方法]对13例第2跖骨头坏死合并(足母)外翻患者行第2跖骨Jacoby截骨术及Reverdin矫形术,术后行第2跖趾关节跖屈、背伸功能训练。[结果]手术时间60~90 min,术中出血量5~10 ml,所有病例术中无重要神经、血管损伤,无切口感染。所有患者均获得12~36个月随访。1例患者术后1年(足母)外翻复发,第2跖趾关节屈曲及背伸活动时疼痛。1例患者因过早下地活动,导致内固定松动,骨折延迟愈合,其余患者均恢复正常行走能力。所有患者根据美国足踝外科协会Maryland跖趾关节百分评分法评分,优8例,良3例,可2例,优良率84.62%。[结论]第2跖骨头坏死常合并严重(足母)外翻,Jacoby截骨术联合Reverdin矫形术治疗第2跖骨头坏死合并(足母)外翻可改善患者疼痛疼症状和跖趾关节功能,提高生活质量,但术后应重视(足母)外翻复发。     

外翻的临床病理改变与术后并发症的分析

目的分析外翻患者的临床病理变化特点及术后并发症的原因。方法选择我院自2005年1月至2010年7月,采用小切口、跖骨颈梯形截骨致嵌插骨折、辅以软性外固定治疗外翻106例（182足）,均为女性;年龄18～50岁,平均42岁。术前负重位X线检查外翻角为20°～40°,平均28.6°;第1、2跖骨间（intermetatarsal angle,IM）角为9°～15°,平均11°。均合并有囊炎。结果本组外翻的病理改变主要为以下几种类型：即第1跖骨内收、IM角增大;第1跖内翻、囊炎及第1跖趾关节半脱位;第2、3跖骨头处胼胝;第2趾呈锤状趾;第1跖趾关节骨关节炎。术后随访6～36个月,其中外翻复发1足,内翻1足,转移性跖骨痛2足。结论根据外翻患者的临床病理改变特点,制定个体化手术方案,可明显提高矫形手术的成功率,降低主要并发症的发生率。     

第1跖趾关节融合联合改良Weil截骨术治疗中重度足拇外翻畸形

目的探讨第1跖趾关节融合联合改良Weil截骨术治疗中、重度足拇外翻畸形的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析自2012-01—2016-12诊治的22例中重度拇外翻畸形,于第1跖趾关节内侧切口用空心钉及钢板内固定行第1跖趾关节融合,同时对第2~5趾畸形行改良Weil截骨术。结果 22例均获得随访,随访时间12~24个月,平均18.4个月。患足外形得到改善,足拇囊炎消失,患者穿鞋及步态要求均获得较大改善。末次随访时足拇外翻角矫正为(16.62±3.30)°,第1、2跖间角矫正为(10.81±1.68)°,均较术前明显减小,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。末次随访时踝关节功能AOFAS评分为(79.09±3.27)分,优2例,良17例,可3例。结论第1跖趾关节融合联合改良Weil截骨术治疗中、重度足拇外翻畸形能够有效缓解疼痛,明显改善前足外形与功能,提高了患者的生活质量。     

Treatment of hallux valgus with an increased distal metatarsal articular angle: evaluation of double and triple first ray osteotomies

During a 12-year period in which 878 hallux valgus corrections were performed, 18 patients (21 feet) with symptomatic hallux valgus deformity and an increased distal metatarsal articular angle (DMAA) underwent periarticular osteotomies (double or triple first ray osteotomies). They were studied retrospectively at an average follow-up of 33 months. The surgical technique comprised a closing wedge distal first metatarsal osteotomy combined with either a proximal first metatarsal osteotomy or an opening wedge cuneiform osteotomy (double osteotomy). When a phalangeal osteotomy was added, the procedure was termed a "triple osteotomy." The average age of the patients at the time of surgery was 26 years. At final follow-up, the average hallux valgus correction measured 23 degrees and the average 1-2 intermetatarsal angle correction was 9 degrees. The DMAA averaged 23 degrees preoperatively and was corrected to an average of 9 degrees postoperatively. One patient developed a postoperative hallux varus deformity, and one patient developed a malunion, both of which required a second surgery. A hallux valgus deformity with an increased DMAA can be successfully treated with multiple first ray osteotomies that maintain articular congruity of the first metatarsophalangeal joint.     

The Mitchell bunionectomy: a prospective study of 60 consecutive cases utilizing single K-wire fixation.

The authors prospectively evaluated 45 patients (60 feet) affected by hallux valgus and treated with a distal metatarsal osteotomy. The surgical procedure consisted of a modified Mitchell osteotomy, in which fixation was achieved with a Kirschner wire that was driven into the proximal osteotomy fragment and buttressed the distal one. Early weightbearing was allowed without a cast. Follow-up averaged 25 months. The mean American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society clinical hallux score increased from 44.6/100 preoperatively to 83.2/100. Radiographic evaluation showed that mean metatarsophalangeal and intermetatarsal angles decreased respectively from 31.7 degrees to 16.9 degrees, and from 15.4 degrees to 8.6 degrees. Short-term loss of correction occurred in three cases (4%). Six feet (10%) had unrelieved metatarsalgia that was related to excessive shortening of the first metatarsal and/or inappropriate orientation of the metatarsal head. Stabilization of the Mitchell osteotomy with a Kirschner wire proved safe and effective for the surgical correction of mild to moderate hallux valgus.     

A new surgical procedure for iatrogenic hallux varus: reverse transfer of the abductor hallucis tendon: a report of 7 cases

Iatrogenic hallux varus is a possible complication of hallux valgus surgery following Mc Bride or Scarf osteotomy, with or without Akin osteotomy of the first phalanx. It may also occur following chevron osteotomy or Keller's procedure. One possibility for surgical revision of iatrogenic hallux varus is reconstruction of the lateral stabilising soft-tissue components of the first metatarsophalangeal joint. Until now, only dynamic tendon transfers, possibly combined with interphalangeal fusion, have been described. The aim of our study was to develop a static, anatomic reconstruction procedure. A new surgical technique of ligamentoplasty using the abductor hallucis tendon is described. The new method was applied in 7 feet (5 patients) with a mean follow-up over two years. Hallux varus deformities were operated by transplantation of the abductor hallucis tendon. Subsequent radiographs showed correction of most of the factors considered to be responsible for the iatrogenic deformity. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) hallux metatarsophalangeal-interphalangeal (MTP-IP) score improved from 61 to 88. This new technique is a reliable, anatomic reconstruction with use of the tendon involved in the pathogenesis of the hallux varus deformity. No other functional tendon is used.     

Surgical treatment for hallux valgus with painful plantar callosities

We retrospectively reviewed the results of a distal soft-tissue procedure and proximal crescentic osteotomy of the first metatarsal combined with a proximal shortening osteotomy of the second and/or third metatarsal. This was in patients who had hallux valgus with painful plantar callosities. The review covered seven years of procedures (1989-1996) in 12 patients (14 feet) averaging 53 years of age. Average follow-up was 52 months. All patients had pain at the first metatarsophalangeal joint and had metatarsalgia preoperatively. At follow-up, 11 feet had no pain at the first metatarsophalangeal joint, and three had some improvement of pain. Ten feet had no metatarsalgia, two had improvement of metatarsalgia, and two feet had transfer lesions postoperatively and required reoperation. The angle of hallux valgus averaged 40 degrees preoperatively and 13 degrees postoperatively. The intermetatarsal angle averaged 18 degrees preoperatively and 6 degrees postoperatively. Mean decreases in length of the second and third metatarsal after surgery were 5.4 mm and 4.8 mm, respectively. Our results suggested that this combined procedure for hallux valgus with painful plantar callosities may be successful, in carefully selected patients.     

Treatment of the juvenile bunion by Mitchell osteotomy

Twelve patients who had a total of 18 Mitchell bunionectomies were reviewed to assess the long-term results of the procedure. Although metatarsus varus correction was maintained in all cases, hallux valgus recurred in 11 of the 18 cases. Sixty-seven percent reported complete relief or improvement of preoperative pain. Although lateral metatarsalgia did occur, the most common area of persistent pain remained the first metatarsal. Six of 18 procedures had marked loss of active joint motion, associated with pain and an unsatisfactory result. Of 18 procedures, 11 (61%) were satisfied with the results of their osteotomy. Although the Mitchell osteotomy corrected the metatarsus primus varus in each case, the current series shows a discouraging incidence of later recurrence of hallux valgus and restriction of metatarsophalangeal motion causing the abandonment of this procedure for the management of juvenile bunion.     

Arthrodesis procedures for salvage of the hallux metatarsophalangeal joint

First metatarsophalangeal (MTP) fusion has been recommended as a means to salvage various great toe deformities. These deformities include failed hallux valgus procedures, failed silicon implants, previous infection, rheumatoid arthritis, post-traumatic conditions, hallux rigidus, severe hallux valgus deformities, and neuromuscular disorders. A variety of complications, such as hallux varus, first MTP joint instability, infection, recurrent hallux valgus, and avascular necrosis of the first metatarsal head can develop from hallux valgus deformity treatment procedures.     

Wilson's osteotomy for the treatment of hallux valgus

One hundred oblique distal first metatarsal osteotomies (Wilson's) were reviewed at an average of five years and two months following surgery. In 96 feet there was pain over the bunion or first metatarsophalangeal joint preoperatively. This pain was eliminated in 85 feet and improved in nine feet. Second metatarsalgia present preoperatively was relieved in five of seven feet, but 19 feet developed second metatarsalgia following surgery. The majority of patients were pleased with the outcome of the surgery. No significant complications were noted. The surgical technique of Wilson's first metatarsal osteotomy for hallux valgus is straight-forward and produces a predictably excellent result.     

First metatarsophalangeal joint arthrodesis as a treatment for failed hallux valgus surgery

BACKGROUND: The results of first metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint arthrodesis as a specific treatment for failed hallux valgus correction has not been previously reported. We evaluated the results of first metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint arthrodesis as a treatment for failed hallux valgus surgery. METHODS: The records of the senior author (MJC) were reviewed to identify patients treated for symptomatic failed hallux valgus procedures with arthrodesis of the first metatarsophalangeal joint over a 20-year period. Twenty-nine patients (33 feet) were available for followup examination. The patients completed a visual analog pain score, the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) Hallux Metatarsophalangeal-Interphalangeal Scale, and a patient satisfaction scale at the final followup. Radiographs were obtained of both feet. RESULTS: The average followup was 8 (1 to 22) years. The average pain score improved from 7 to 3 points. The mean AOFAS score was 73 points at followup. Patient satisfaction was excellent for 13 feet (39%), good in 11 (33%), fair in eight (24%), and poor in one (3%). The mean hallux valgus angle was 16 degrees, with an intermetatarsal angle of 8 degrees. There were three asymptomatic and one symptomatic nonunions. Twenty-two feet (67%) had corrective procedures performed on the lesser toes at the time of the first MTP joint arthrodesis. CONCLUSIONS: First MTP joint arthrodesis is a reliable option for revision after failure of surgical treatment of hallux valgus. This procedure can be used to treat a number of failure modes following initial hallux valgus surgery including recurrence, hallux varus, cock-up deformity, degenerative arthritis of the MTP joint, and associated transfer lesions beneath the lesser metatarsals. First MTP joint arthrodesis can be used after failed proximal and distal osteotomies, arthrodesis of the metatarsocuneiform joint, McBride procedure, exostectomy, and resection arthroplasty. Revision procedures have poorer clinical outcomes than successful primary hallux valgus procedures.     

Evaluation of scarf osteotomy for management of hallux valgus deformity

Hallux valgus is a complex progressive deformity affecting the forefoot. The main pathologic anatomy concerns the first metatarsophalangeal joint, including a varus or medial deviation of the first metatarsal and pronation deformity in the longitudinal axis. The goal of this study was to evaluate a series of consecutive patients over a 2-year period after a scarf osteotomy of the first metatarsal. A scarf osteotomy was performed on 31 consecutive patients with moderate to severe hallux valgus deformity (intermetatarsal angle, 13-22°; hallux valgus angle, 20-44°). Twenty-nine women and 2 men had an average age of 57 years (range, 21-71 years) at the time of surgery. Preoperative and postoperative evaluations included standing anteroposterior and lateral radiographs, American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Score (AOFAS) score, physical examination, and foot pressure analysis by weight-bearing ink prints. Patients were evaluated radiographically and clinically in the initial postoperative period (≤1 month), intermediate postoperative period (2-6 months), and final follow-up (12-36 months). Twenty-eight feet were available for analysis. Five of the 28 feet had concurrent surgeries on the lesser toes for hammer-toe correction or preoperative metatarsalgia. Paired Student t test on the 28 feet showed a statistically significant improvement (P<.0001) between pre- and postoperative intermetatarsal angle, hallux valgus angle, and AOFAS score. One foot had recurrence of the hallux valgus deformity. Paired analysis of variance of the 27 feet without recurrence showed a statistically significant improvement in the pre- and postoperative parameters (P<.0001). From this subset, the multiple-comparison Student-Newman-Keuis post hoc test showed a statistically significant (P<.0001) preservation of the correction in the intermediate follow-up period to final follow-up at an average 28 months.     

Phalangeal osteotomy versus first metatarsal decompression osteotomy for the surgical treatment of hallux rigidus: a prospective study of age-matched and condition-matched patients.

The surgical options for hallux rigidus in the presence of painful but moderate degenerative metatarsophalangeal joint disease are limited to either joint-destructive or joint-preserving procedures. The following study compared the effectiveness of 2 joint-preservation procedures. Forty-nine patients, with a mean age of 53 years, underwent phalangeal osteotomy and were reviewed at an average 29 months postoperatively. A subsequent group of 59 patients, with a mean age of 51 years, underwent first metatarsal decompression osteotomy and were reviewed at an average 15 months postoperatively. In the phalangeal osteotomy group, 65% of patients were completely satisfied, 24% were satisfied with reservation, and 11% were dissatisfied. Three patients suffered continued metatarsophalangeal joint pain, 3 developed hallux interphalangeal joint pain, and 4 patients developed transfer metatarsalgia. The postoperative decrease from 36 degrees to 35 degrees in mean peak hallux dorsiflexion on walking was not significant. In the first metatarsal decompression osteotomy group, 54% were completely satisfied, 13.5% were satisfied with reservations, and 32% were dissatisfied. Continued metatarsophalangeal joint pain occurred in 2 patients, 18 developed transfer metatarsalgia, and 6 of these patients required lesser metatarsal osteotomy. Peak hallux dorsiflexion during walking increased from 36 degrees to 42 degrees (P < .001). First metatarsal decompression osteotomy will increase joint range of motion but the risk of complication and patient dissatisfaction is less after phalangeal osteotomy. Neither procedure could be considered definitive for hallux rigidus.