[~(14)C]乙双吗啉在小鼠体内的药代动力学研究

[~(14)C]乙双吗啉给动物iv后,血中放射性一时间曲线符合二房室开放模型,药代动力学参数T1/2α=0.16±0.03h,T1/2β=15.1±0.7h,生物利用度为87.3±7.7%。给动物ig后,胃肠道吸收较慢,分布广,以胃、肝脏及肺组织中放射性为最高,其次为肠道、食道、肿瘤、淋巴结及皮肤等组织。连续ig 3天后,放射性主要分布在胸腺。48h 内iv自尿排泄为41.7±4.6%,大便排泄为7.5±1.0%;ig后自尿排泄为52.5±3.1%,大便排泄为7.9±0.3%。     

[~3H]冬凌草乙素在小鼠体内的吸收、分布和排泄

采用液体闪烁计数技术研究[~3H]冬凌草乙素在小鼠体内的吸收、分布和排泄。给小鼠经口灌胃(ig)或尾静脉注射(iv)[~3H]冬凌草乙素后,很快被吸收并广泛分布到各组织中。其中以肺、胆囊和肝脏中放射性为最高;其次为肠、胃、胰腺等,肌肉、胸腺和骨中含量最少。iv[~3H]冬凌草乙素3.7×10~7Bq(1.23mg)/kg24h放射性自粪和尿中排泄占总注入量的58.3%。血中放射性—时间曲线表明药代动力学模型似符合二室开放模型。其各时相半衰期分别为T 1/2α=17.9min,T 1?2β=12.7h,其它动力学参数分别为K_(12)=1.38h~(-1),K_(21)=0.84h~(-1),K_(10)=0.15V_c=1.4L kg,V_d=3.9 L kg;ig[~3H]冬凌草乙素3.7×10~7Bq(1.23mg)kg,很快被吸收,其血中放射性—时间曲线似符合二室开放模型,其药代动力学参数分别为T_1 2Ka=17.0min,T_1 2K_e=11.3h.K_a=2.48h~(-1).K_e=0.001min~(-1).以ig和iv[~3H]冬凌草乙素血中放射性—时间曲线下面积计算生物利用度(F)为65%。     

鲁山冬凌草甲素的抗肿瘤作用研究

鲁山冬凌草甲素是从鲁山香茶菜中提取出来的二萜化合物。实验证明:本品在体外对艾氏腹水癌细胞有很强的细胞毒作用;同时对P_(388),L_(1212),B_(16),ECA,S_(180),及ARS等均具有明显的抗肿瘤作用。对以小鼠溶血素形成为指标的体液免疫有轻度抑制作用,而对细胞免疫则无明显影响。急性毒性(LD_(50))为136.4±13.1mg/kg,ip。     

冬凌草甲素抗T细胞急性淋巴细胞白血病效应的实验研究

目的 探讨冬凌草甲素对T细胞急性淋巴细胞白血病的抗白血病效应及其机制。方法 以T细胞急性淋巴细胞白血病细胞株CEM为研究对象,应用改良MTT法测定不同浓度及不同时间冬凌草甲素对CEM细胞增殖和生存率的影响,计算72 h的半数抑制浓度（IC50）;显微镜下观察5、7.5、10 μmol/L冬凌草甲素处理24 h后CEM细胞的形态学变化;流式细胞术检测0.5、7.5、10 μmol/L冬凌草甲素作用24 h后CEM细胞的凋亡百分率;应用Western blot法检测7.5 μmol/L冬凌草甲素作用后细胞mTOR、P70、4EBP1、RAF、ERK、STAT5信号蛋白水平,以及凋亡调节蛋白Bcl-2和Bax的变化。结果 ①冬凌草甲素呈浓度及时间依赖性抑制CEM细胞增殖,作用72 h的IC50值为（7.37±1.99）μmol/L ;② 5、7.5、10 μmol/L冬凌草甲素作用24 h后CEM细胞边界不清晰,部分细胞崩解,且浓度越高,细胞形态改变越明显;③ 0、5、7.5、10 μmol/L冬凌草甲素作用24 h后,细胞凋亡百分率分别为（4.8±2.11）%、（19.03±2.54）%、（40.27±3.31）%;（57.23±6.69）%;④冬凌草甲素明显抑制CEM细胞mTOR、P70、4EBP1、RAF、ERK、STAT5信号蛋白的活化;下调CEM细胞抗凋亡蛋白Bcl-2的表达,上调促凋亡蛋白Bax的表达。结论 冬凌草甲素可能通过抑制mTOR/P70(4EBP1)、RAF/ERK、STAT5信号蛋白的活化,以及上调促凋亡蛋白Bax、下调抗凋亡蛋白Bcl-2而发挥抗白血病作用。     

冬凌草甲素脂质体的制备及体内药动学研究

目的 制备冬凌草甲素脂质体，延长冬凌草甲素体内循环时间，提高生物利用度。方法 采用薄膜分散法制备冬凌草甲素脂质体，测定其粒径、多分散指数、zeta电位及包封率。采用交叉实验法，以大鼠为模型动物分别经尾静脉单次注射(20 mg/kg)给予冬凌草甲素溶液和冬凌草甲素脂质体，利用超高效液相色谱法测定不同时间点的血浆冬凌草甲素质量浓度，PKSolver软件计算药动学参数。结果 制备得到的冬凌草甲素脂质体平均粒径为142 nm,多分散指数为0.246,zeta电位-24.3 mV,包封率84.2%。大鼠单次尾静脉注射冬凌草甲素溶液及脂质体，模型拟合均符合二室模型。冬凌草甲素溶液和冬凌草甲素脂质体在大鼠体内的消除半衰期分别为(3.14±0.61)h和(14.38±3.69)h,平均驻留时间分别为(3.57±0.89)h和(19.30±5.04)h,血药浓度曲线下面积分别为(2.36±0.27)μg·h/ml和(9.51±1.11)μg·h/ml,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 本研究制备的冬凌草甲素脂质体工艺简单可行，脂质体制剂通过延长半衰期和平均驻留时间，延长冬凌草甲素在大鼠体...     

安托可金(0325k_(1-1)在大鼠体内的药代动力学

以原子吸收法测定了大鼠血浆、组织与胆汁、尿、粪便中安托可金的浓度。大鼠静注安托可金后符合二房室模型处置特征 ,分布半衰期平均为 0 .2 5± 0 .0 2h ,消除半衰期平均为 1 1 .4± 0 .57h ,中央室分布容积为 0 .1 6± 0 .0 5L/kg。静注安托可金后该药可很快向机体的各组织分布 ,大多数组织在 6min即达到较高浓度 ;其中以肾脏浓度最高 ,肝、肺、子宫、皮肤、瘤体等组织也有较高的浓度。静注给药后 ,2 4h的累积尿排泄率平均为 (77.6± 1 0 .3 ) % ,1 2 0h的累积排泄率平均为 (90 .7± 3 .80 ) % ,说明肾脏是该药的主要排泄途径 ;安托可金在粪中的排泄较少 ,1 2 0h的累积排泄率平均为 (2 .87± 0 .4 6) % ,2 4h的胆汁累积排泄率平均为(1 .0 1± 0 .2 9) % ,说明粪和胆汁不是该药的主要排泄途径。安托可金与大鼠的血浆蛋白结合率平均为 (4 0 .7± 3 .4 9) %。     

~3H-氧化苦参碱在小鼠及大鼠体内的代谢

用同位素示踪及整体放射自显影法研究~3H-氧化苦参碱在小鼠及大鼠体内的代谢。静脉注射的血药浓度-时间曲线符合二室开放模型。T 1/2α=4.9min,T 1/2β=2.1h。肌肉注射时胆囊,肾、肝、肠中放射性最高。药物主要经尿排泄,给药后48h内排出给药量的82.6％,而粪便中排出仅占给药量的6.4％。尿中除原型药外还有苦参碱。胆汁也是重要的排泄途径,但大部分又在肠中重吸收。生物转化部位是在胃肠道和肝。     

冬凌草甲素下调N-乙酰氨基半乳糖转移酶14(pp-GalNAc-T14)表达对肾癌细胞的体外抑制作用

 目的 探讨冬凌草甲素下调N-乙酰氨基半乳糖转移酶14(polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminy-transferase 14,pp-GalNAc-T14)表达对人肾癌细胞的体外抑制作用。方法 收集20例根治性肾癌切除标本的肾癌组织和相对应的癌旁正常组织,用RT-PCR法检测肾癌组织和癌旁正常肾组织中pp-GalNAc-T14 mRNA的表达情况;用单四唑(MTT)法观察冬凌草甲素对该细胞系(786-0人肾透明细胞癌细胞系)的抑制杀伤效果,并运用RT-PCR法检测用药前后pp-GalNAc-T14 mRNA的表达情况。结果 (1)肾癌组织和正常肾组织中pp-GalNAc-T-14 mRNA均有表达,扫描定量显示pp-GalNAc-T14 mRNA的表达在肾癌组织中较正常肾组织高34.91%(P<0.05)。(2)冬凌草甲素作用于786-0细胞后,细胞中pp-GalNAc-T14表达较空白对照组24h下降15.98%、48h下降44.30%、72h下降58.61%,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。(3)冬凌草甲素可以抑制肾癌细胞的增殖,随着冬凌草甲素剂量的增加和作用时间的延长,其抑制细胞增殖作用逐渐增强,呈明显的时间剂量依赖性。16 μmol/L的冬凌草甲素引起的生长抑制明显高于8 μmol/L的抑制率(P<0.05),最高可达90%以上。结论 pp-GalNAc-T14通路与肾癌的发生可能有关;冬凌草甲素可以下调O-糖链的起始糖基化转移酶pp-GalNAc-T14的表达,产生抑制肾癌细胞的作用;冬凌草甲素可能成为RCC治疗的新策略。     

冬凌草甲素影响细胞外排功能增加HONE1细胞对米托蒽醌的敏感性

目的观察非毒性剂量冬凌草甲素是否增加鼻咽癌细胞株HONE1对米托蒽醌的敏感性。方法采用MTT法使用不同浓度的冬凌草甲素处理HONE1细胞株,确定冬凌草甲素的非毒剂量区间;然后用非毒性剂量冬凌草处理细胞后用流式细胞术进行侧群表型检测,探索能显著降低侧群表型的冬凌草甲素浓度;参考冬凌草甲素非毒性剂量和能降低侧群表型的剂量得到冬凌草甲素用于联用米托蒽醌的浓度。结果 5μmol/L冬凌草甲素并未对HONE1细胞产生明显毒性,该浓度处理细胞24 h后,细胞侧群比例由3.32%降低至0.55%;米托蒽醌联用5μmol/L冬凌草甲素组HONE1细胞存活率较单用米托蒽醌组低(P0.05);流式细胞术分析显示膜外排蛋白ABCG2含量降低。结论冬凌草甲素可以通过影响细胞ABCG2外排功能增加鼻咽癌细胞株HONE1对米托蒽醌的敏感性。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.