颈胸段脊柱脊髓损伤前路减压、钛网和钢板内固定术的疗效评价

目的研究颈胸段骨折、脱位前路减压、钛网、Codman/Slimlock钢板内固定重建术的治疗效果。方法对16例颈胸段脊柱骨折、脱位的患者行颈胸段前路C7、T1、C6,7或C7~T1椎体次全切除、钛网及Codman、Slimlock锁定型颈椎前路钢板固定术。结果所有患者随访6~48个月,植骨均在3~4个月内完全融合,15例脊髓神经功能有不同程度的改善,未发生钢板螺钉松动,1例出现暂时性声音嘶哑。结论颈胸段前路减压、钛网、Codman、Slimlock钢板内固定术是治疗颈胸段脊柱骨折、脱位行之有效的手段,有助于植骨节段融合,重建和稳定颈胸段脊柱。     

颈_7胸_1骨折脱位的临床特点及单纯前路手术治疗

目的分析颈胸段损伤中颈7胸1骨折脱位的临床特征和手术方式。方法过去4年中共13例颈7胸1骨折脱位病例,男8例,女5例,年龄33岁～63岁,平均44.5岁,均行单纯前路胸1椎体切除减压,不复位后方小关节脱位下行钛网植骨钢板内固定,并分析手术要点。结果所有病例均行颈胸段前路入路,手术创伤较小,颈胸段椎体前方的序列得到重建,平均8.5个月随访获得骨性融合。术中的减压为可能的恢复提供条件,同时提供可靠的脊柱稳定为康复提供必要的条件,部分病人神经症状得到不同程度的改善。结论基于颈胸段结构的特点,常发生于颈7胸1节段,且往往表现为位颈7胸1脱位。单纯的前路减压内固定以较小的创伤,获得足够的减压稳定以及恢复椎体序列的目的。     

分期后前路手术治疗合并多发伤的严重胸腰椎骨折脱位

目的 探讨合并多发伤的严重胸腰椎骨折脱位的手术时机和方式.方法 对31例合并多发伤的严重胸腰椎骨折脱位患者的手术时机和手术方式作回顾性分析.本组均为胸腰椎爆裂性骨折合并脱位.17例在伤后6 h内,14例在伤后6～24 h内行后路复位椎弓根内固定术,首次手术后7～23 d,行二期侧前方入路减压植骨内固定术.结果 27例获6～26个月随访,术后椎体高度平均恢复到92%,复查椎管内无骨块和椎间盘组织残留,神经功能不全损伤者有不同程度的恢复.结论 对合并多发伤的严重胸腰椎骨折脱位经术前评估后采用急诊后路复位椎弓根螺钉内固定,二期前路减压支撑植骨内固定,手术安全,有利于多发伤的救治,降低并发症.     

颈胸段脊柱脊髓伤的诊断及前路手术治疗

目的 探讨颈胸段脊柱脊髓损伤的临床特点、诊断及颈胸段前路减压、植骨、Orion钢板内固定术的治疗作用。方法 分析26例颈胸段脊柱骨折、脱位患者的临床表现;行颈胸段前路C7、T1、C6－7或C7－T1椎体次全切除、植骨及Oron锁定型颈椎前路钢板固定术。结果 颈胸段脊柱脊髓损伤患者通常表现为C8－T1或T2相应节段脊髓神经根症状,10例伴有窦性心动过缓、8例出现低血压、7例出现Horner征等交感节刺激症状。所有患者随访3－20个月,植骨均在3－4个月内完全融合,20例脊髓神经功能有不同程度的改善,上述交感神经节刺激疾病缓解,1术后出现暂时性声音嘶哑。结论 颈胸段脊柱脊髓损伤根据其临床特点、影像学表现可确定诊断;颈胸段前路减压、植骨、Orion钢板内固定术对颈胸段脊柱脊髓损伤具有较好的疗效,Orion钢板有助于植骨节段融合、重建和稳定颈胸段脊柱。     

前后路联合手术治疗颈椎骨折脱位并椎间盘突出或脱出

目的:探讨前后路联合手术治疗颈椎骨折脱位并椎间盘突出或脱出的意义。方法:回顾分析采取前后路联合手术治疗的9例颈椎骨折脱位并椎间盘突出或脱出患者的临床资料及手术治疗效果。结果:最初经后路复位内固定的2例患者,术后出现脊髓神经功能恶化,经前路减压手术后缓解。另7例行前路减压、后路复位内固定及前路融合术。随访6~28个月,平均13.7个月。除1例完全性脊髓损伤者外,余病例脊髓神经功能平均恢复1级。术后X线片复查,脱位椎体均获完全复位,骨性融合。结论:对颈椎骨折脱位患者应经颈椎X线片、MRI等检查,明确或排除合并椎间盘突出或脱出的可能。前后路联合手术是治疗颈椎骨折脱位合并椎间盘突出或脱出较为安全、有效的方法,但应严格掌握手术适应证。     

颈胸段脊柱骨折的手术治疗

目的探讨手术治疗颈胸段脊柱骨折合并脊髓损伤的疗效。方法采用椎弓根钉技术或(和)前路减压、植骨、钛板内固定术治疗颈胸段脊柱骨折28例。结果共置入颈椎椎弓根钉72枚,胸椎椎弓根钉34枚,所有螺钉位置合适,未见神经、血管受损表现。一期后路椎弓根钉技术结合侧前路椎体次全切、钛笼椎间融合、钛板内固定术者均获得骨性融合,融合时间为术后4～6个月,无置入物断裂、脱落等。脊髓神经功能平均恢复3.9个级别。结论采用该技术治疗颈胸段脊柱骨折疗效好,但应熟知脊柱脊髓的解剖、熟练手术操作以减少手术创伤。     

内窥镜辅助下经口咽前路寰枢椎减压术

目的：探讨内窥镜辅助下经口咽前路寰枢椎减压术的临床效果。方法：1998年8月～2004年8月对38例陈旧性寰枢椎脱位患者采用内窥镜辅助下经口咽前入路减压术，其中18例行一期经口咽入路减压和后路枕颈内固定术：15例行经口咽前路寰枢椎复位钢板内固定术；5例不可复型仅行经口咽前入路减压术。结果：平均随访38个月（6～96个月）。术后患者临床症状均明显改善，上颈段脊髓减压改善率达89.3％。发生颅内感染1例，前路钢板松脱1例。结论：与常规减压方法相比，内窥镜辅助下经口咽前路寰枢椎减压手术创伤小，操作精细、准确，术中与助手可协同操作。     

Ⅰ期手术治疗下颈椎骨折脱位伴关节突交锁32例

目的：探讨经颈椎后、前路联合手术治疗下颈椎骨折脱位、关节突交锁伴脊髓损伤的方法。方法：采用一期后、前路联合手术治疗下颈椎骨折脱位、关节突交锁伴脊髓损伤32例。结果：经3～26个月平均11个月的随访,临床效果按（A-SIA）神经功能评分,平均提高1～2级。骨折脱位节段完全复位,颈椎序列与曲度恢复正常,无节段性不稳,前路植骨融合均于术后12周获骨性融合。结论：采用后路复位减压植骨内固定再行前路减压内固定是一种安全、有效的治疗方法,具有创伤小、手术时间短的优点。     

前路ALPS内固定器在胸腰椎爆裂骨折并截瘫治疗中的应用

目的: 讨论脊柱前路手术和前路锁定钢板系统 (AnteriorLockingPlateSystem, ALPS) 治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折合并截瘫的方法和疗效。方法: 对 35例胸腰椎爆裂骨折合并截瘫的患者行前路手术减压、复位、植骨和ALPS内固定器治疗。结果: 33例获得随访, 大部分患者的神经功能不同程度的恢复, 未见内固定物松动、断裂, 无明显后凸畸形复发。结论: 脊柱前路手术减压充分, 在有椎体间支撑植骨时, ALPS内固定器能提供坚强的固定, 符合生物力学要求。     

低位颈前入路减压植骨融合内固定治疗颈胸段脊柱脊髓损伤

目的 探讨低位颈前入路减压植骨融合内固定治疗颈胸段脊柱脊髓损伤的可行性及疗效.方法 2006年12月至2009年7月采用低位颈前入路减压植骨融合内固定治疗23例颈胸段脊柱脊髓损伤患者,男18例,女5例;年龄21～55岁,平均36.5岁;损伤部位与类型:C7椎体爆裂性骨折12例,C7/T1骨折脱位9例,T1爆裂性骨折2例.脊髓损伤按Frankel分级:A级9例,B级5例,C级6例,D级3例.结果 患者术中出血量为300 ～ 900 mL,平均500 mL,手术时间为70～ 120 min,平均85 min.23例患者术后获12 ～24个月(平均18个月)随访,术后减压充分,脊髓神经功能除9例A级患者无明显改善外,其余均获得1～2级的提高,植骨均获融合,时间为6～12个月,平均8.5个月.无螺钉松动、脱落及钢板断裂等并发症发生,其中1例患者术后X线片检查提示钛网放置位置欠佳,经随访未见移位,于术后6个月植骨融合. 结论 低位颈前入路减压植骨融合内固定治疗颈胸段脊柱脊髓损伤是可行的,可达到充分的减压,即刻重建和稳定颈胸段脊柱序列,是治疗颈胸段脊柱脊髓损伤的有效方法之一.     

强直性脊柱炎脊柱骨折的治疗

目的 了解强且性脊柱炎(AS)脊柱骨折治疗的特点及注意事项。方法对19例AS脊柱骨折病例进行回顾性分析硬随访,19例中颈椎骨折11例,9例发生在C5-7间;胸腰椎骨折8例,7例为应力骨折,均发生存T10-L2间。二柱骨折16例。9例并发脊髓损伤,其中8例为颈椎骨折。所有19例患者均接受了手术治疗。颈椎骨折或脱位采用了4种手术方式,其中9例做了前路间盘切除或椎体次全切除、椎间值骨加钢板内固定术。胸腰椎骨折也做了4种术式,其中5例的术式为后路长节段固定加前、后联合融合,结果术岳18例患者获得了平均46．4个月的随访。并发脊髓损伤的9例患者,术后8例的神经功能有恢复。18例患者的骨折部位均已骨性愈合一术中并发脊髓损伤2例,因脑血管意外死亡1例,并发肺炎2例。结论 AS脊柱骨折好发于下颈椎及胸腰段,大多为三柱骨折,颈椎骨折并发脊髓损伤的发生率较高。胸腰椎多为应力骨折一手术治疗可使大多数患者的骨折愈合良好,神经功能有不同程度的恢复。对颈椎骨折患者,可采用前路椎体问植骨、钢板内固定的术式;而对于胸腰椎骨折,主张后路长节段固定,前、后联合植骨融合,术中及术后均可能出现并发症,应注意预防或避免。     

陈旧性下颈椎骨折脱位的手术治疗（附42例报告）

目的探讨陈旧性下颈椎骨折脱位的发生原因、手术方法及临床疗效。方法2005年6月～2008年12月,借助椎体间撑开器经颈前路整复脱位椎体、椎体间植骨融合钢板内固定术以及颈后路整复脱位椎体联合应用前路椎体间植骨融合钢板内固定术治疗陈旧性下颈椎骨折伴脱位42例患者。其中,18例患者单纯经颈前路完成脱位颈椎椎体复位,24例前路整复失败病例联合颈后路整复脱位椎体并前路椎体间植骨融合钢板内固定术。观察术后颈椎的稳定性、植骨融合率及神经功能恢复情况。结果全部病例均获得解剖复位,颈椎生理弧度及椎间隙高度恢复正常,术中无神经损害加重及血管损伤等并发症发生,术后颈椎获得即刻稳定性。经6～48个月随访,椎间植骨均获得骨性愈合,螺钉无松动、退出或断裂,颈椎脱位矫正度无丢失,神经功能均有不同程度恢复。结论陈旧性下颈椎骨折脱位应先行前路整复,如失败再行后路手术整复脱位椎体并前路椎体间植骨融合内固定术,对于颈椎陈旧性骨折脱位仍强调恢复颈椎解剖对位的重要性。     

强直性脊柱炎下颈椎骨折的临床回顾性分析

目的:探讨强直性脊柱炎下颈椎骨折的手术方式和疗效。方法:自2003年1月至2011年10月,对采用手术治疗(7例)和保守治疗(1例)的强直性脊柱炎下颈椎骨折患者进行回顾性分析,8例均为男性,年龄27～49岁,平均41岁。所有骨折经CT、MRI证实,其中6例骨折伴脊髓损伤症状。1例采用头颈胸支具保守治疗,其余7例手术治疗,手术方式包括单纯前路(5例)、单纯后路(1例)和联合前后路(1例);术后随访根据CT等影像学检查骨折融合情况,并根据Frankel分级的改变来评估脊髓损伤是否改善。结果:8例患者均获随访,时间4～38个月,平均18个月。7例患者获得骨性融合,无脊髓损伤患者(3例)术后随访仍无脊髓神经损伤,脊髓损伤患者(5例)术后随访各获得不同程度恢复。7例患者Frankel分级平均改善1级,1例患者骨折延迟愈合(随访中)。结论:强直性脊柱炎下颈椎骨折是一种相对特殊性的损伤,容易发生骨折移位损伤颈髓,应尽早采用手术治疗,手术方式则根据具体情况综合选择。     

手术治疗强直性脊柱炎合并颈椎骨折脱位的临床研究

目的探讨强直性脊柱炎（AS）合并外伤性颈椎骨折脱位的病理特点,评价前后路联合手术疗效。方法回顾性分析2000年1月至2006年1月治疗的18例AS合并外伤性颈椎骨折脱位患者。AS平均病程14．5年,3例既往行腰椎截骨矫形手术。术前Frankel分级：A级4例,B级3例,C级9例,D级2例。均为前后路联合手术。结果应用前-后入路4例,前-后-前入路8例,后-前入路6例。一期手术7例,分期11例。术后神经功能除4例A级随访无改善外,其余14例均有不同程度恢复。平均随访21．2个月,术后平均3．6个月植骨获得融合,无内固定失败。围手术期并发症4例,远期1例。结论本研究提示前后路联合手术能取得即刻脊柱三维稳定,有效解除脊髓前后方压迫,是累及三柱的AS合并颈椎骨折脱位的合理外科治疗方式。     

下颈椎骨折脱位并脊髓损伤的前路手术治疗

目的探讨前路手术在治疗下颈椎骨折脱位并脊髓损伤中的价值。方法168例下颈椎骨折脱位并脊髓损伤患者均在全麻下行颈前路减压、复位、钛网或自体髂骨植骨及颈椎带锁钢板固定。结果完全复位151例,复位90%以上17例。平均随访80.7个月,颈椎椎间高度和生理曲度维持良好,无钢板螺钉并发症。140例脊髓损伤者神经功能获改善。结论下颈椎骨折脱位并脊髓损伤选择前路手术治疗可获得满意的疗效。     

Management of cervical spinal fractures in ankylosing spondylitis with posterior fixation

STUDY DESIGN: Introduction of a posterior approach for internal fixation of fractures of the ankylosed cervical spine. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the clinical outcome of patients with ankylosing spondylitis and cervical spinal fractures treated with posterior instrumentation and a collar orthosis. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Cervical spinal fractures in patients with ankylosing spondylitis almost always extend completely across the vertebral segment to include both anterior and posterior elements. Treatment with immobilization alone is often inadequate. Generalized spinal rigidity and exaggerated thoracic kyphosis may hinder anterior exposure. Posterior approaches have been described but generally require postoperative halo immobilization. In the authors' technique for patients whose spinal alignment is relatively well preserved, a posterior exposure is used that achieves three-point internal fixation along multiple segments. The complications associated with halo immobilization are avoided. METHODS: Seven patients with ankylosing spondylitis and fractures of the cervical spine were stabilized with posterior instrumentation. Patients were immobilized after surgery with either a cervical collar or a sternal occipital mandibular immobilizing brace and observed for neurologic outcome, radiographic evidence of bony fusion, and complications. RESULTS: No patient experienced neurologic deterioration with surgery. Two patients died at acute rehabilitative facilities after discharge. Radiographic evidence of fusion was observed in the five patients available for follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with ankylosing spondylitis and cervical spinal fractures can be adequately treated with lateral mass plating and interspinous wiring of autologous rib graft. Adequate postoperative immobilization can be attained with a cervical collar and does not require a halo vest.     

Ⅰ期后-前路联合手术入路治疗下颈椎骨折脱位合并脊髓损伤的疗效分析

目的:探讨Ⅰ期后-前路联合手术入路治疗严重下颈椎骨折脱位合并脊髓损伤的临床疗效。方法:回顾性分析2005年8月至2009年8月采用颈椎前路钢板和后路侧块钉棒或钉板Ⅰ期联合复位内固定技术治疗严重下颈椎骨折脱位合并脊髓损伤48例,其中男28例,女20例;年龄28～62岁,平均39.6岁。神经功能评价按Frankel分级:A级8例,B级16例,C级20例,D级4例。先采用俯卧位,植入侧块螺钉、减压,复位后,植入板或棒,植骨融合后拆除颅骨牵引置仰卧位,行前路椎体复位、减压、植骨及自锁钛板固定。术后定期复查X线片以观察损伤节段的稳定性和融合率,以Frankel分级判定脊髓功能的恢复情况。结果:48例均获随访,时间6～28个月,平均12个月。术后神经功能均有1～2个级别恢复,其中Frankel C级28例,D级14例,E级6例。植骨均在6个月获得骨性融合。一过性喝水呛咳3例,术后3个月恢复。咽喉部异物感2例,术后1个月消失。未出现内固定断裂、松动及脱出,无血管、食道损伤等并发症。结论:下颈椎骨折脱位合并脊髓损伤选择Ⅰ期后-前路联合手术可完全恢复颈椎序列,椎管前后方压迫得到彻底解除,损伤节段术后获得即刻稳定,有利于脊髓功能较好的恢复。     

Spinal fractures in patients with ankylosing spondylitis

Thirty-one consecutive patients with ankylosing spondylitis and spinal fractures were reviewed. There were 6 women and 25 men with a mean age of 60±11 years; 19 had cervical and 12 had thoracolumbar injuries. Of the patients with cervical fracture, two had an additional cervical fracture and one had an additional thoracic fracture. Three trauma mechanisms were identified: high-energy trauma in 13 patients, low-energy trauma in 13 and insufficiency fracture in 5. One-third of the patients suffered immediate neurological impairment, a further one-third developed neurological impairment before coming for treatment and only one-third remained intact. Two patients with thoracolumbar fractures had deteriorated neurologically due to displacements during surgery at other hospitals. All patients were treated operatively except the two patients with two-level cervical fractures, who were managed in halo vests. In the cervical spine both anterior and posterior approaches were employed. In the thoracolumbar spine the majority of the patients were initially treated using a posterior approach only. Complications were common. Of the 27 patients with neurological compromise, 10 had remained unchanged; 12 had improved one Frankel grade; 4 had improved by two Frankel grades; 1 had improved by four Frankel grades. We conclude that even minor trauma can cause fracture in an ankylosed spine. A high proportion of patients with spinal fractures and ankylosing spondylitis have neurological damage. The risk of late neurological deterioration is substantial. As the condition is very rare and the treatment is demanding and associated with a very high risk of complications, the treatment of these patients should be centralised in special spinal trauma units. A combined approach that stabilises the spine from both sides is probably beneficial.     

Late esophageal perforation complicating anterior cervical plate fixation in ankylosing spondylitis: a case report and review of the literature

Esophageal perforation in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a rare complication in anterior cervical spine surgery and has not been reported before. A 50-year-old patient with AS developed incomplete tetraplegia after minimal trauma. C5 pedicle fracture was diagnosed and treated predominantly by physical therapy until neurological symptoms progressed. Cervical spine MRI showed C6/7 fracture and spinal cord compression. The patient underwent dorsal laminectomy, C5–7 anterior cervical fusion using allograft iliac crest and CASPAR-plate fixation. Delayed esophageal perforation appeared 10 months postoperatively when he came first to our hospital. He complained of dysphagia and developed acute dyspnea. Posterior stabilization with two plates was performed followed by removal of the ventral plate and screws. The esophageal laceration was sutured. The patient was treated with antibiotics and percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy. Position of fracture and implants were accurate at 18 months postoperatively. The patient had persistent minor neurological deficits (Frankel D) at last follow-up. We conclude that esophageal perforation after anterior spinal fusion is a rare complication. Minor traumas in patients with AS are unstable and can result in significant spinal injury. Dorsoventral stabilization should be performed to avoid further complications.     

Spinal fractures in ankylosing spondylitis]

In the final stage of ankylosing spondylitis the spine will be completely fixed. With loss of mobility the patients suffering of ankylosing spondylitis are susceptible to spinal fractures. Predominantly the fractures occur in the lower part of the cervical spine, caused often by minor trauma. High fatality is at a 30% rate seen as severe consequence of these fractures. Conservative and operative treatment may be used. Severe fracture dislocation and progressive neurological deficiencies are recommended to be stabilized operatively. To avoid trauma of the spine in patients with ankylosing spondylitis preventive measures seem to be possible and should be employed.