非结核分枝杆菌肺病的回顾性分析

目的：分析湖南省长沙市中心医院近3年来非结核分枝杆菌(nontuberculous mycobacteria,NTM)肺病 患者的临床特征及耐药情况。方法：回顾性分析2014年2月至2017年5月于湖南省长沙市中心医院确诊的153例 NTM肺病患者临床资料,根据药敏试验浓度分为低浓度组和高浓度组,检测两组的药物敏感性及耐药状况。 结果：153例患者中男79例(51.63%),女74例(48.37%),年龄为(60.27±19.46)岁;NTM 肺病常见于支气管扩张患者, 病程较长(平均7.8年), 临床症状无特异性,极易误诊为肺结核(92.81%)。菌种以鸟/胞内分枝杆菌(56.21%)和龟/脓肿 分枝杆菌(20.92%)多见;对一线、二线抗结核药的耐药率高,多数耐 8 种药物以上,其中低浓度组38.56%的患者全部耐药,高浓度组25.49%的患者全部耐药。结论：NTM肺病极易误诊,且耐药率高,NTM的菌种鉴定和药物敏感性检测对临床的诊断和治疗有重要的指导作用。     

42例非结核分枝杆菌肺病临床分析

目的 探讨非结核分枝杆菌肺病的临床特点,提高非结核分枝杆菌肺病的发现、诊断及鉴别诊断水平,减少误诊误治.方法 选取北京结核病控制研究所2013年1月至2016年12月确诊的42例非结核分枝杆菌肺病(NTM)患者的病例资料信息进行回顾性分析总结.结果 在42例非结核分枝杆菌肺病患者中,确诊胞内分枝杆菌14例;鸟分枝杆菌9例;堪萨斯分枝杆菌6例;偶然分枝杆菌6例;脓肿分枝杆菌5例;龟分枝杆菌2例.42例患者的主要症状有咳嗽、咳痰31例(73.81％),咯血6例(14.29％),发热8例(19.05％).药敏试验表明研究中的非结核分枝杆菌对常见抗结核药物具有高度耐药性,一线4种药总耐药率高达100％,一线4种药全耐药率高达69.05％,其中脓肿分枝杆菌对参与测试的9种抗结核药物均有较高耐药性.结论 由于非结核分枝杆菌肺病发病的隐蔽性及非结核分枝杆菌极强的耐药性,给非结核分枝杆菌肺病的诊治带来了极大困难.因此临床亟待一种更为快捷准确的诊断方法,对非结核分枝杆菌肺病的发现、诊断及治疗具有重要意义.     

非结核分枝杆菌耐药情况分析

目的探讨非结核分枝杆菌(non-tuberculosis mycobacterium,以下简称NTM)的流行病学特征,观察和分析NTM的耐药情况,为NTM肺病的防治策略提供科学依据。方法对2006～2010年期间收集的分枝杆菌进行药物敏感性测定、菌种鉴定,对鉴定为NTM的病例进行综合分析。结果 5年间对765个菌株进行了结核分枝杆菌和非结核分枝杆菌的菌型鉴,确诊为NTM的为79株(10.32%),其中77株对异烟肼、对氨基水杨酸钠、乙胺丁醇、利福平、链霉素等常用抗结核药物存在不同程度的耐药,耐药率高达97.46%,且大多菌株同时对多种抗结核药物耐药。结论 NTM对抗结核药物具极高的耐药性。为此,对可疑肺结核患者应尽可能进行痰分离培养和多种抗结核药物敏感性测定。研究、探索抗NTM的新药及更为有效的诊断方法是当务之急。     

非结核分枝杆菌对四种常用抗结核药的药敏观察

非结核分枝杆菌(NTM)是引起非结核分枝杆菌肺病的一种分枝杆菌，其发病及临床症状与肺结核及其相似，在临床上很难鉴别，只有通过实验室诊断来鉴定，尤其是非结核分枝杆菌对大多数抗结核药物的敏感性较差，本实验室观察了60例非结核分枝杆菌对四种常用抗结核药物的药敏情况，现报告如下。     

非结核分枝杆菌肺病54例临床特点分析及诊治体会

目的 分析非结核分枝杆菌(NTM)肺病的临床特点,以提高对NTM肺病的诊疗水平.方法 回顾性分析54例NTM肺病患者的临床资料.结果 NTM肺病≥40岁的中老年人多见(87.0％),病程较长,平均8.3年,多发于原有慢性肺部基础疾病或免疫力低下人群;临床症状无特异性,结核菌素试验皮试多为弱阳性(79.6％);胸部CT示病灶多位于双侧肺(81.5％)和全部肺叶(70.4％),薄壁空洞(14/18,77.8％)较厚壁空洞(4/18,22.2％)常见,均靠近胸膜,支气管扩张多位于右中叶或左舌叶(12/17,70.6％),钙化影少见(9.3％);支气管灌洗液NTM培养阳性率高(18/20,90.0％);菌种以鸟-胞内分枝杆菌(64.8％)和龟或脓肿分枝杆菌(25.9％)多见;对一线抗结核药耐药率高,耐药率均超过90％.极易误诊为肺结核(96.3％),治愈率低(34.8％).结论 NTM肺病容易被误诊,治疗难度大,应分析其临床特点和诊疗上的难点,总结出提高NTM肺病诊疗成功率的策略.     

2003～2008年非结核分枝杆菌感染趋势及耐药分析

目的 了解非结核分枝杆菌(NTM)的感染趋势及耐药情况.方法 对2003～2008年收集的2 978例分枝杆菌感染标本用对硝基苯甲酸鉴定NTM,采用绝对浓度法进行NTM抗结核药物敏感性试验.结果 2 978例结核分枝杆菌感染标本分离出NTM 137株,NTM检出率4.60%;2003年NTM检出率最低为3.07%,2008年检出率最高为5.61%,NTM感染率有逐年上升的趋势.大多数NTM对常用的抗结核药物呈高度耐药,其中耐药率最高的是利福平达94.89%,其他依次为对氨基水杨酸(92.70%)、异烟肼(91.97%)、链霉素(90.51%)、乙胺丁醇(68.61%)、氧氟沙星(4.96%).结论 我院NTM检出率呈逐年上升趋势,其对抗结核药物耐药率较高.     

盐城市2012年度分枝杆菌菌型与药敏结果分析

目的：了解盐城市致病分枝杆菌的菌型以及对抗结核药敏感性,以指导结核病治疗。方法：收集全市2012年度培养出的全部596株分枝杆菌菌株,采用《结核病诊断实验室检验规程》中的菌种鉴定法和药敏试验的比例法,进行菌种的初步鉴定和药敏试验。结果：非结核分枝杆菌（nontuberculous mycobacteria,NTM）57株（9.56%）;牛型分枝杆菌5株（0.84%）;结核分枝杆菌（tuberculous mycobacteria,MTB）534株（89.60%）。 NTM 总体耐药率为98.25%,耐多药率为85.96%;牛型分枝杆菌对一线抗结核药全部敏感;MTB总体耐药率为30.52%,其中复治患者总体耐药率为46.43%（39/84）,耐多药率为30.95%;初治患者总体耐药率为27.56%（124/450）,耐多药率为10.22%。结论：盐城市肺部分枝杆菌感染的患者,病原菌有NTM、MTB以及牛型分枝杆菌,NTM的耐药情况严重,MTB的总耐药率与耐多药率均相当高。     

非结核分枝杆菌肺病82例临床分析

目的 总结非结核分枝杆菌(NTM)肺病的临床特点.方法 回顾性分析2000年1月至2010年1月收治的82例NTM肺病患者的资料.结果 NTM肺病患者以中青年(86%)多见,临床症状较轻,肺部病变范围较广,原发耐药者多见,在一线抗结核药物中,只有乙胺丁醇对少部分患者有效.结论 NTM肺病应引起结核科医师在诊断、鉴别诊断和治疗上的高度重视.     

广州地区临床分离非结核分枝杆菌菌种鉴定及耐药结果分析

目的 分析广州地区临床分离的非结核分枝杆菌(NTM)的菌种鉴定结果及耐药情况.方法 用改良罗氏培养基培养法分离680例疑似结核病患者痰液,对确诊为NTM的38例,用传统生化反应进行菌种鉴定,采用以罗氏培养基为基础的绝对浓度法做NTM药物敏感试验.结果 38株NTM按Runyon分类法,检出感染菌种分布为Ⅰ群1株(2.6...     

免疫受损状态下非结核分枝杆菌感染的临床特征

目的 探讨免疫受损状态下并发肺部非结核分枝杆菌(NTM)的感染率、菌种构成、临床特点和治疗.方法 对结核内科分枝杆菌培养(+)的免疫受损患者,进行菌种鉴定及药敏试验,分析NTM感染病例的临床资料.结果 105例免疫受损患者从痰、支气管冲洗液中检出可确定的NTM感染18例(17.1%),分离出NTM菌株40株,其中鸟-胞内分枝杆菌复合群(MAC)5例,MAC +玛尔摩1例,龟-脓肿分枝杆菌3例,龟-偶发分枝杆菌1例,苏尔加+脓肿分枝杆菌1例,堪萨斯分枝杆菌2例,玛尔摩分枝杆菌1例,耻垢分枝杆菌2例,胃分枝杆菌1例,次要分枝杆菌1例.耐药性高,治疗8例,好转5例,未治或弃治10例,死亡4例.结论 免疫受损状态下并发NTM的感染率较为严重,其菌种比较集中在MAC及快生长群(RGM),存在复合群感染、混合感染的特点.临床表现无特异性,肺部病变分布广泛,呈多形态改变,呈高度耐药性,由于基础疾病的存在治疗更加困难.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.