纳曲酮对小鼠脾淋巴细胞增值的影响

目的考察阿片受体拮抗剂纳曲酮（naltrexone）对小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖的影响。方法应用3H-TdR掺入法检测纳曲酮对淋巴细胞和IL-2反应细胞（ConA活化的脾细胞）增殖反应的作用。结果（1）纳曲酮（10-4mol／L）和淋巴细胞、ConA或IL-2同时反应，其对淋巴细胞增殖无明显抑制作用（P＞0．05）。（2）纳曲酮（10(-4)mol／L）预处理淋巴细胞几小时后，对淋巴细胞增殖具有明显的抑制作用（P＜0．01）。3）纳曲酮的浓度变化对两种细胞的抑制作用不同；对淋巴细胞的抑制作用随浓度（10(-6)～10(-4)mol／L）的增加而增强（P＜0．05，P＜0．01），低浓度（＜10(-7)mol／L）时抑制作用消失；对IL-2反应细胞，在本组实验药物的所有浓度下（10(-8)～10(-4)）均有抑制作用（P＜0．01）。结论阿片受体拮抗剂纳曲酮对小鼠脾淋巴细胞的增殖有明显的抑制作用，而且这种抑制作用较为缓慢、强烈而持久。     

神经肽Y在人垂体腺瘤中的表达及其意义

目的 研究神经肽Y（NPY）在垂体腺瘤中的表达，探索NPY对肿瘤内分泌及肿瘤发生和发展的影响。方法 收集垂体瘤手术标本59例，其中垂体腺瘤57例，垂体增生2例。采用逆转录聚合酶联反应（RT-PCR）方法研究NPY在垂体瘤组织中的表达。结果（1）全部组织均有NPY表达，其中促性腺细胞腺瘤表达水平最高，是泌乳素腺瘤的9.3倍（P〈0．05），无功能腺瘤的5．8倍（P〈0．01），生长激素腺瘤的2．7倍（P〈0．01）。（2）不同类型垂体腺瘤之间，NPY表达与肿瘤增殖指数呈负相关（P〈0．05）。（3）NPY在生长激素腺瘤中的表达与血清生长激素浓度呈正相关（P〈0．05）。（4）垂体卒中组NPY的表达显著高于非卒中组（P〈0．05）。结论 NPY在垂体腺瘤中的表达水平与肿瘤类型及其生物学特性有关；与垂体腺瘤生物学行为相关，NPY对肿瘤细胞增殖发挥抑制作用：生长激素腺瘤NPY表达水平与其内分泌行为相关：NPY对肿瘤血液动力学变化和肿瘤血管形成发挥一定的调控作用。     

炎性细胞因子IL—6,TNF与偏头痛关系的研究

采用桥联酶标APAAP染色技术检测无先兆偏头痛（MWA）患者淋巴细胞亚群CD3 、CD4 、CD8 、CD15 、CD19 的变化，用敏感细胞株杀伤试验及依赖细胞株增殖试验（MTT比色法）分别检测血浆TNF及IL－6水平的变化。结果显示：偏头痛患者外周血白细胞及淋巴细胞数均在正常范围内，发作期白细胞数较缓解期明显升高（P＜0．05）；而淋巴细胞数各组间差异无显著意义。CD3 、CD4 、CD8 、CD4 ／CD8 比率MWA组与对照组间差异均无显著性意义，但CD15 以细胞数则显著低于对照组（P＜0．01）。MWA组血浆TNF、IL－6水平显著高于对照组（P＜0．01），且发作期高于缓解期（P＜0．05）。对4例患者进行连续检测结果显示，发作期、缓解期血浆TNF与IL-6水平之间呈正相关（r＝0．9232，P＜0．01）。以上结果提示MWA患者存在细胞免疫缺陷，炎性细胞因子IL－6、TNF在其发病中可能起一定作用。     

脑出血患者与外周血淋巴细胞rDNA转录活性的临床研究

为了探讨脑出血患者免疫状态，我们测定32例脑出血患者外用血T淋巴细胞rDNA转录活性及其T淋巴细胞亚群与正常人作对照研究，结果发现：脑出血患者rDNA转录活性及T淋巴细胞亚群明显低于正常对照组（P＜0．01或P＜0．05），说明脑出血患者存在明显细胞免疫功能低下。     

Alzheimer’s病的T淋巴细胞亚群和HLA-DR抗原测定

为了研究T淋巴细胞正群和HLA－DR变化与Alzheimer’s病（AD）病情的关系。采用荧光素标记的单抗直接标记，流式细胞仪对20例轻度AD痴呆和18例重度AD痴呆进行T淋巴细胞亚群和外局单核细胞HLA－DR抗原测定。结果发现：1．CD、CDT细胞在轻度AD组中均路下降，在重度AD组中均升高，但都无显著性差异（P＞0．05）；各组的CD／CD比值均在正常范围之内。2．HLA－DR抗原在轻、重度AD组中均升高，两组与对照组比较均有显著性差异（P＜0．05）。以上结果说明：T淋巴细胞亚群变化与AD病情的联系不明显，应慎重地对其细胞免疫功能进行评价；HLA－DR抗原变化与AD病情变化有一定的联系。     

胸腺切除对重症肌无力患者T淋巴细胞亚型的影响

目的：观察胸腺切除(Tx)术对重症肌无力(MG)病人的临床疗效及对T淋巴细胞亚型的影响。方法：用许氏评分法观察30例伴胸腺增生或胸腺瘤的MG患者的病情严重程度及Tx术后2个月的临床疗效;采用直接免疫荧光染色和流式细胞仪技术测定60名志愿健康者和30例伴胸腺增生或胸腺瘤的MG患者Tx术前及术后2个月T淋巴细胞亚型的变化。结果：伴胸腺增生或胸腺瘤的MG病人Tx术前外周血中CD4＋T淋巴细胞的百分率较正常人显著增多(P＜0．01),CD8＋T淋巴细胞的百分率较正常人显著减少(P＜0．01),CD4＋/CD8＋T细胞的比例明显增高(P＜0．01)。伴胸腺增生MG病人Tx术后随着临床症状的改善,CD8＋T淋巴细胞的百分率较术前显著升高(P＜0．05),CD4＋/CD8＋T细胞的比例较术前显著下降(P＜0．05)。伴胸腺瘤MG病人Tx术后随着临床症状的改善,CD4+T淋巴细胞的百分率较术前显著下降(P＜0．05),CD4＋/CD8＋T细胞的比例较术前显著下降(P＜0．05)。结论：重症肌无力患者T淋巴细胞亚型的测定既可以为MG免疫病理学的发病机理的研究提供实验依据,也能为Tx治疗MG提供一个客观的实验室指标,为判断疾病的转归提供实验依据。     

牛磺酸对小鼠脑提取物酶活性的影响

探讨牛磺酸（Tau）对小鼠脑提取物中单胺氧化酶-B（MAO－B）和胆碱酯酶（AChE）活性的影响。结果显示Tau以10mmol／L浓度作用时，MAO－B活性无明显变化（P＞005）；当浓度上升至20、40和80mmol／L后，MAO－B活性显著下降（P＜0．05和P＜0．01）。Tau以0．1、1．0和10mmol／L浓度作用时，AChE活性与对照组无显著差异（P＞0．05）。推测Tau可降低MAO－B的活性，从而减少脑内多巴胺（DA）的降解，但对AChE无明显影响。提示Tau有可能用于治疗某些神经系统疾病，如帕金森病和抑郁症等，并初步探讨了其可能的作用机制。     

36例吉兰-巴雷综合征患者免疫功能监测及预后

目的 探讨T淋巴细胞亚群及TNF-α、LI-2水平与占兰-巴雷综合征（GBS）的关系及临床意义。方法 采用APAAP、ELISA法对36例GBS患者及36例正常人进行外周血T淋巴细胞亚群及血清TNF-α、IL-2水平测定。结果 重症GBS患者外周血CD；^＋T细胞显著高于对照组（P〈0．01），CD4／CD8比例增大，GBS患者血清TNF-α水平明显高于对照组（P〈0．05），血清中IL-2高于对照组（P〈0．01）。结论 GBS患者的免疫功能处于失衡状态。外周血T淋巴细胞亚群及血清TNF-α、IL-2的测定，可直接反映恶者的病情轻重。     

纳络酮对脑梗死患者血浆神经肽Y、β-内啡肽含量的影响及其促抑郁作用的观察

目的 探讨纳络酮对脑梗死患者血浆神经肽Y（NPY）、β－内啡肽（β-EP）含量的影响及其促抑郁的作用。方法 采用放免法测定70例不伴抑郁症的脑梗死患者治疗前后血浆NPY、β－EP水平并评定治疗后抑郁症的发病情况。结果 纳络酮治疗组发生抑郁11例，常规治疗组发生抑郁3例。纳络酮组治疗后的血浆NPY及β－EP水平低于对照组（P＜0．01）。结论 纳络酮能改变血浆NPY、β－EP水平，有促抑郁作用。     

AMPK对氧糖剥夺再灌注后小胶质细胞介导炎性反应的影响

目的：探讨氧糖剥夺再灌注（OGD／R）损伤后腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶（AM PK ）对小胶质细胞介导的炎性介质释放及信号传导的影响。方法培养BV2细胞株,应用OGD 6 h再灌注24 h建立缺血再灌注损伤离体模型,AICAR（5μmol／L、50μmol／L、100μmol／L）或 Compound C（0．1μmol／L、1μmol／L、10μmol／L）不同程度激活或抑制AMPK磷酸化,MTT法检测细胞活性,免疫印迹及ELISA方法,检测OGD／R后BV2细胞AMPK活性变化,以及对NF－κB信号通路中IκB磷酸化、TNF－α释放的影响。结果各浓度AICAR均能够促进OGD／R后BV2细胞存活（P ＜0．05）,抑制IκB磷酸化水平（P ＜0．05）,AICAR（100μmol／L）能够增加AMPK磷酸化水平（P ＜0．05）,抑制TNF －α的释放（P＜0．01）。而Compound C（10μmol／L）促进BV2细胞死亡（P＜0．01）,降低OGD／R后AMPK及IκB磷酸化水平（P ＜0．05）,促进 TNF －α释放（P ＜0．05）。结论 AMPK 磷酸化激活能够减轻OGD／R后BV2细胞介导的炎性损伤作用,而抑制AM PK磷酸化能够加重神经炎性反应。     

外周血异型淋巴细胞与精神分裂症

目的研究中国的精神分裂症病人外周血异型淋巴细胞的比例、相互间的关系以及与药物治疗的关系.方法收集92例样本,分3组精神分裂症组52例,年龄(41.1±9.66)岁,该组又分为治疗和非治疗组;其他精神病组(非精神分裂症)26例,年龄(49.0±12.84)岁,正常对照组14例,年龄(29.9±3.21)岁.应用May Guunwal-Giemsa染色法,研究外周血细胞的形态学,计数异型淋巴细胞的百分比,进行统计学处理.结果P细胞在精神分裂症组比其他精神病组和健康对照组明显增高(P＜0.01),而应激淋巴细胞在精神分裂症组比其他精神病组和健康对照组明显减低(P＜0.05);性别之间无差异.抗精神病药物治疗组P细胞比未治疗组显著降低(P＜0.05);抗精神病药物对应激淋巴细胞的比例没有影响.Spearman相关分析发现,精神分裂症中P细胞和应激淋巴细胞间存在明显的负相关(r=-0.649)(P＜0.01).结论精神分裂症病人外周血中始终存在高比例的P细胞及低比例的应激淋巴细胞,P细胞并非由抗精神病药物引起.P细胞有可能作为一个生物学的标记,有助于精神分裂症病因的研究.     

Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio,monocyte-lymphocyte ratio and platelet-lymphocyte ratio in non-affective psychosis: A meta-analysis and systematic review

Abstract

Objectives: Neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and monocyte/lymphocyte ratio (MLR) are inexpensive and reproducible biomarkers of inflammation. This is the first meta-analysis exploring the role of NLR, MLR and PLR in non-affective psychosis.

Methods: Eight studies have been identified from the main electronic databases. Meta-analyses based on random-effects models have been carried out generating pooled standardised mean differences (SMDs) between non-affective psychotic patients and healthy controls (HCs).

Results: Subjects with non-affective psychosis had a significant higher NLR and MLR as compared with HC (respectively SMD = 0.715; P?<?0.001; I²=57.565% and SMD = 0.417; P?=?0.001; I²=65.754%), confirmed by heterogeneity-based sensitivity analysis. Subgroup analyses showed no differences in effect size across different study characteristics, including drug treatment status, diagnosis, and setting. Meta-regression showed that age influenced the relationship between non-affective psychosis and MLR. A trend of significance, not confirmed by heterogeneity-based sensitivity analysis, was observed in PLR with patients showing higher PLR than HC.

Conclusions: Our meta-analysis supports the hypothesis that an inflammatory activation occurs in non-affective psychosis and inflammatory ratios, especially NLR and MLR, may be useful to detect this activation.     

Neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio,monocyte/lymphocyte ratio,and mean platelet volume as systemic inflammatory markers in different states of bipolar disorder

Abstract

Background: Currently, increasing evidence supports the hypothesis that alterations in the immune-inflammatory system are critical for the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder (BD). Neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR), monocyte/lymphocyte ratio (MLR), and mean platelet volume (MPV) have recently been investigated as inexpensive and simple inflammatory markers.

Aims: The aim of this study is to compare NLR, PLR, MLR, and MPV in depressive, manic, and euthymic patients with BD and healthy controls, and to evaluate whether values of NLR, PLR, MLR, and MPV are possible state or trait biomarkers in BD.

Methods: This retrospective study was conducted with 341 patients with BD (100 patients in a depressive state, 141 patients in a manic state, and 100 patients in a euthymic state) and 114 healthy controls.

Results: We found that patients with BD in manic states had higher levels of MPV, NLR, and MLR, and patients with BD in depressive states had higher levels of MPV than the controls. Moreover, MPV predicted all states of BD, while NLR and MLR predicted the manic state of BD.

Conclusions: NLR, MLR, and MPV obtained from simple and inexpensive blood tests were significantly higher in patients with BD than in healthy controls, which each imply low-grade inflammation. MPV may serve as a possible trait biomarker of BD, while NLR and MLR may both serve as possible state biomarkers of the manic state.     

QI-TRAINING AND IMMUNOLOGICAL PARAMETERS: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

This article examined the effects of qi-training on peripheral T lymphocyte concentrations in a cross-sectional study involving three groups of subjects: normal healthy subjects (n = 22) and two groups of qi trainees (group Q1: qi-training for 1–12 months, n = 52; and group Q2: qi-training for >12 months, n = 63). Nonparametric statistical tests revealed significant differences between the groups in T_H/T_S/C ratio (p < .001) and in the ratio of memory T_H lymphocytes (CD45RA^?) to naïve T_H lymphocytes (CD45RA⁺) (p < .001). These findings suggest that qi-training modulates peripheral T lymphocyte concentrations. However, the functional modulation of T helper lymphocytes should be tested in a larger population and compared with other interventions.     

Differential expression of vasoactive intestinal peptide receptors 1 and 2 (VIP-R1 and VIP-R2) mRNA in murine lymphocytes

Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), a neuropeptide present in the lymphoid microenvironment, modulates cytokine expression and affects T cell proliferation. Recent molecular studies identified two VIP receptors, VIP-R1 and VIP-R2, primarily in nonlymphoid cells. In this study, we investigate the expression of VIP-R1 and VIP-R2 mRNA in unstimulated and stimulated lymphocytes and thymocytes, and in various lymphocyte subpopulations. In contrast to VIP-R1 which is constitutively expressed, the expression of VIP-R2 is induced only following stimulation through the TCR-associated CD3 complex. Both CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells express VIP-R1 and VIP-R2. Two T cell lines, EL-4.IL-2 and D10.G4.1 express exclusively VIP-R2. VIP induces the expression of the VIP-R2 gene in the absence of additional stimuli. Differential expression and regulation of the two VIP receptors in T lymphocytes suggests different physiological roles in mediating the immunomodulatory activities of VIP and related neuropeptides.     

Longitudinal study of myelin basic protein-specific T-cell receptors during the course of multiple sclerosis

This study analyzed the stability of the myelin basic protein (MBP)-specific T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire during the course of multiple sclerosis (MS) in three patients who were monitored for three years by gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. Bulk-culture T-cell lines (TCLs) were generated from 3–4 time points for each patient, including times of active and quiescent disease. TCR analysis of these TCLs indicated that both the Vα and Vβ usage was similar over time for each patient. Sequencing of TCRs demonstrated conserved complementarity-determining region 3 (CDR3) sequences within TCLs that expressed the same Vα segment over time, although the Jα usage was different for each TCR. This indicates that the population of MBP-reactive T-cells is changing during the course of MS, but that host and/or environmental factors may be selecting T-cells with particular MHC/peptide binding domains.     

T-lymphocyte entry into the central nervous system

The entry of T-lymphocytes into the parenchyma of the central nervous system is a critical early feature in the pathogenesis of many experimental and spontaneously occurring immune-mediated illnesses. The physiological mechanisms controlling this entry have not been elucidated. This study reports that T-cell entry into the rat CNS appears to be primarily dependent upon the activation state of the lymphocytes; T-lymphoblasts enter the CNS (and all other tissues examined) in an apparently random manner while T cells not in blast phase are excluded. Antigen specificity, MHC compatibility, T-cell phenotype, and T-cell receptor gene usage do not appear related to the ability of cells to enter. This study demonstrates that when T-lymphoblasts are introduced into the circulation they rapidly appear in the CNS tissue. Their concentration in the CNS reaches a peak between 9 and 12 hr, and lymphocytes which have entered, exit within 1 to 2 days. Cells capable of reacting with a CNS antigen remain in the tissue or cyclically reenter to initiate inflammation if they are able to recognize their antigen in the correct MHC context. This observation also appears to pertain to the entry of activated T cells into many other tissues, although their concentrations in these non-CNS sites was not quantitated.     

Evaluation of the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio,platelet/lymphocyte ratio,and mean platelet volume as inflammatory markers in children with attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder

Aim

The neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR), monocyte/lymphocyte ratio (MLR), and mean platelet volume (MPV) have recently been used as indicators of a systemic inflammatory response. The aim of this study was to investigate the relations of the NLR, PLR, MLR, and MPV with attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Methods

The study group consisting of 82 children diagnosed with ADHD was compared with a healthy control (HC) group of 70 age‐, sex‐, and body‐mass‐index‐matched subjects. The NLR, PLR, MLR, and MPV were measured according to the complete blood count.

Results

The NLR, PLR, MLR, MPV, and neutrophil count of the ADHD group were significantly higher than those of the HC group. The lymphocyte counts of the patients were significantly lower than those of the HC group.

Conclusion

Inflammation might play a role in the etiopathogenesis of ADHD. The NLR, PLR, MLR, and MPV may be potential inflammation markers for ADHD in children.