慢性应激所致大鼠海马长时程增强和氨基酸类神经递质的改变及苯妥英钠的效应

目的探讨慢性应激对大鼠海马长时程增强(LTP)和氨基酸类神经递质的影响及苯妥英钠对它们的效应.方法将24只SD雄性大鼠随机分为对照组、应激+生理盐水组和应激+苯妥英钠组,每组8只.采用离体海马脑片结合电生理的方法观测海马CA1区LTP的变化.以群体峰电位(PS)的幅值和场兴奋性突触后电位(fEPSP)的斜率作为观察LTP变化的指标.应用高效液相色谱紫外检测法检测海马氨基酸类神经递质的含量.结果(1)应激+生理盐水组PS幅值和fEPSP斜率在高频串刺激后增大的幅度低于对照组和应激+苯妥英钠组(P<0.05).(2)应激+生理盐水组和应激+苯妥英钠组的天冬氨酸含量[分别为(4.746±0.609)μmol/g和(4.948±0.751)μmol/g]高于对照组[(2.425±0.211)μmol/g,P<0.01];应激+生理盐水组的谷氨酸含量[(8.094±1.035)μmol/g]高于对照组[(6.016±0.677)μmol/g]和应激+苯妥英钠组[(6.970±0.647)μmol/g];P<0.05;应激+苯妥英钠组的GABA含量[(5.142±0.662)μmol/g]高于对照组[(4.229±0.449)μmol/g]和应激+生理盐水组[(4.249±0.463)μmol/g],P<0.01.结论慢性应激使大鼠海马CA1区LTP的形成受抑制,天冬氨酸和谷氨酸水平升高,GABA含量无明显改变;而苯妥英钠使慢性应激大鼠海马CA1区LTP维持正常.     

双脉冲低频刺激诱导成年大鼠海马CA1区NMDA受体依赖性长时程压抑

目的：研究诱导成年大鼠海马CA1区长时程压抑（long-term depression,LTD）的有效刺激参数及其受体机制.方法：成年雄性SD大鼠断头取脑制作海马脑薄片,采用细胞外场电位记录技术,用不同刺激参数刺激海马CA1区Schaffer传入纤维,记录海马CA1区LTD,寻找有效探讨诱导成年大鼠海马CA1区LTD的刺激参数及其受体机制.结果：双脉冲间隔（paired-pulse interval,PPI）为200 ms,频率1 Hz,900对双脉冲为1组,共2组,组间隔10 min的双脉冲低频刺激（paired-pulse low frequency stimulation,PP-LFS）能够有效诱导海马CA1区LTD,60 min和120 min测定其细胞外场兴奋性突触后电位（fEPSP）斜率,结果分别为前对照的（72.33±3.19）％和（69.11±2.80）％;与PP-LFS相同、仅仅刺激强度增加1倍的高强度的双脉冲低频刺激（high-intensity paired-pulse low frequency stimulation,HI-PP-LFS）也能有效诱导海马CA1区LTD,60 min和120m in测定其细胞外场兴奋性突角后电位（fEPSP）斜率,结果分别为前对照的（50.75±2.10）％和（50.90±5.52）％;NMDA受体拮抗剂APV能有效阻断PP-LFS和HI-PP-LFS诱导的LTD.结论：PP-LFS可有效诱导成年大鼠海马CAI区LTD,HI-PP-LFS可诱导产生更大幅度的LTD,且这种LTD是NMDAR依赖性的.     

咪唑安定或丙泊酚拮抗戊四氮对突触传递的影响

目的：观察咪唑安定或丙泊酚复合戊四氮对突触传递的影响。方法：分离大鼠海马半脑,切出400μm厚度的海马脑片,全细胞膜片钳记录戊四氮 咪唑安定组,戊四氮 脂肪乳剂组,戊四氮 丙泊酚组海马CA1区神经元兴奋性突触后电流(EPSC)变化。结果：各组加入10mmol／L戊四氮均使EPSC降至基线值的35．0％左右;10μmol／L咪唑安定使EPSC幅值上升至基线值的86．2％,脂肪乳剂不改变EPSC,100μmol／L丙泊酚使EPSC值上升至基线值的71．7％。结论：戊四氮对正常突触传递具有抑制作用,咪唑安定或丙泊酚拮抗戊四氮抑制突触传递的作用,使已减小的EPSC有所升高。     

Neuregulin-1温度依赖性抑制小鼠海马脑片CA1区的长时程增强

目的 研究不同温度条件下Neuregulin-1(NRG1)对小鼠海马脑片CA1区突触传递和突触可塑性的影响.方法 制作成年小鼠离体海马脑片标本,采用细胞外微电极记录技术,记录小鼠海马脑片CA1区Schaffer侧枝诱发场兴奋性突触后电位(fEPSP),以及施高频强直刺激(HFS)诱导长时程增强(LTP).分别在室温(26±1)℃和生理温度(32±1)℃条件下,观察NRG1对fEPSP和LTP的影响.结果 (1)无论在室温或生理温度条件下,灌流NRG1前后fEPSP斜率的平均值无明显变化(P>0.05).(2)室温灌流NRG1组与室温正常对照组相比,强直刺激后fEPSP斜率的平均值无明显变化(p>0.05);与生理温度正常对照组相比,生理温度灌流NRG1组强直刺激后fEPSP斜率平均值降低有显著性意义(P<0.01).结论 NRG1温度依赖性抑制小鼠海马脑片CA1区的长时程增强.     

CB1介导Δ9 THC抑制CA1区LTD的作用

目的探讨大麻素受体1(CB1)在四氢大麻酚(Δ9 THC)抑制CA1区长时程抑制(LTD)中的作用。方法在小鼠腹腔注射Δ9 THC(10?mg/kg)或CB1受体的选择性抑制剂SR141716(SR,5?mg/kg)24?h后切片,在海马CA1区记录场电位EPSP。结果①给予低频电刺激(1?Hz 15?min)诱导CA1区LTD,Δ9 THC可显著降低LTD(P<0.01);②Δ9 THC显著降低LTD的效应可被CB1的选择性抑制剂SR所翻转;③在CB1基因敲除的小鼠,Δ9 THC对LTD的效应与溶剂对照组相比无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论CB1受体介导Δ9 THC抑制离体海马CA1区LTD的作用。     

慢性应激所致大鼠海马长时程增强和氨基酸类神经递质的改变及苯妥英钠的效应

目的探讨慢性应激对大鼠海马长时程增强(LTP)和氨基酸类神经递质的影响及苯妥英钠对它们的效应.方法将24只SD雄性大鼠随机分为对照组、应激+生理盐水组和应激+苯妥英钠组,每组8只.采用离体海马脑片结合电生理的方法观测海马CA1区LTP的变化.以群体峰电位(PS)的幅值和场兴奋性突触后电位(fEPSP)的斜率作为观察LTP变化的指标.应用高效液相色谱紫外检测法检测海马氨基酸类神经递质的含量.结果(1)应激+生理盐水组PS幅值和fEPSP斜率在高频串刺激后增大的幅度低于对照组和应激+苯妥英钠组(P<0.05).(2)应激+生理盐水组和应激+苯妥英钠组的天冬氨酸含量[分别为(4.746±0.609)μmol/g和(4.948±0.751)μmol/g]高于对照组[(2.425±0.211)μmol/g,P<0.01];应激+生理盐水组的谷氨酸含量[(8.094±1.035)μmol/g]高于对照组[(6.016±0.677)μmol/g]和应激+苯妥英钠组[(6.970±0.647)μmol/g];P<0.05;应激+苯妥英钠组的GABA含量[(5.142±0.662)μmol/g]高于对照组[(4.229±0.449)μmol/g]和应激+生理盐水组[(4.249±0.463)μmol/g],P<0.01.结论慢性应激使大鼠海马CA1区LTP的形成受抑制,天冬氨酸和谷氨酸水平升高,GABA含量无明显改变;而苯妥英钠使慢性应激大鼠海马CA1区LTP维持正常.     

托吡酯对癫痫大鼠海马神经细胞凋亡的保护作用

目的 :探讨托吡酯 (TPM)对癫痫发作大鼠海马神经元凋亡的影响及其可能的机制。方法 :采用戊四氮致痫模型 ,大鼠癫痫发作后连续给予托吡酯 (80 mg· kg- 1 · d- 1 和 4 0 mg· kg- 1 · d- 1 ) ,共 14 d。以 TU NEL方法标记 DNA片段 ,原位检测海马 CA1和 CA3区的神经细胞凋亡。结果 :各组大鼠海马 CA1、CA3区均出现 TU NEL阳性细胞。对照组海马 CA1、CA3区 TUNEL阳性细胞数分别为 (35 .83± 4 .5 8)个和 (36 .83± 3.87)个 ;4 0 mg· kg- 1 · d- 1 托吡酯组分别为 (31.5 2± 3.4 3)个和 (32 .35± 4 .6 9)个 ;80 mg· kg- 1 · d- 1 托吡酯组为 (2 1.17± 3.0 6 )个和 (2 1.16± 3.87)个。 80 mg· kg- 1 · d- 1 托吡酯组与对照组比较存在极显著差异 (P<0 .0 0 1) ,4 0 mg· kg- 1 · d- 1 托吡酯组与对照组相比无显著差异 (P>0 .0 5 )。结论 :TPM对癫痫发作后神经元凋亡具有一定的保护作用。     

Saclofen对铝抑制大鼠海马CA3区诱发电位的影响

目的 通过应用GABAe受体阻断剂Saclofen探讨金属铝对海马CA3区诱发电位的抑制作用是否与GAB-Ae受体有关。方法 应用单个电脉冲（波宽0．15ms，强度30V）刺激穿通纤维（PP），在海马CA3区记录诱发的群体峰电位（PS）。在CA3区微量注射AlCl3和Saclofen，观察它们对PS幅值的影响。结果 ①0．5mol／L AlCl3注入CA3区后，PS幅值较注药前显著减小（P〈0．01或P〈0．05）。②25μmol／L的Saclofen易化CA3区PS的幅值（P〈0．01或P〈0．05）。③50μmol／LSaclofen显著抑制CA3区PS的幅值（P〈0．01或P〈0．05）。④25μmol／L的Saclofen（P〈0．05）和50μmol／L的Saclofen（P〈0．01或P〈0．05）均加强AlCl3的抑制效应。结论 GABAB受体可能部分介导了铝对海马CA3区PS的抑制作用。     

依托咪酯对大鼠海马CA1区长时程抑制的影响

目的 观察依托咪酯对大鼠海马CA1区锥体神经元产生的长时程抑制（LTD）的影响。方法 断头法分离Wistar大鼠海马半脑，用切片机切出400μm厚度的海马脑片。脑片分别以30出脂肪乳剂（A组）、30μl依托咪酯（相当于5μmol／L）（B组）、50μmol／L D-APV＋30μl脂肪乳剂（C组）、50μmol／L D-APV＋5μmol／L依托咪酯（D组）预孵60min，记录基础兴奋性突触后电流（EPSC）10min，然后给予低频刺激（LFS），记录LTD的表达情况。结果 给予NMDA受体特异性拮抗剂D-APV后，大鼠海马CA1区LFS不能诱发LTD；A组给予LFS后，产生LTD；B组给予LFS后的EPSC值为基础值明显低于A组。结论 本实验条件所诱发的LTD是NMDA受体依赖型的，5μmol／L依托咪酯使大鼠海马CA1区锥体神经元LTD表达增强。     

益智健脑颗粒对AD模型大鼠学习记忆能力及海马神经元、BDNF表达的影响

目的探讨益智健脑颗粒对Aβ1-40诱导的AD模型大鼠学习记忆能力及海马CA1区神经元BDNF表达的影响。方法右侧海马微量注射Aβ1-40建立AD动物模型,并用益智健脑颗粒对其进行干预,Y迷宫检测各组大鼠学习和记忆能力,免疫组织化学方法检测海马CA1区神经元BDNF表达。结果Aβ1-40能够导致大鼠学会躲避电击所需的尝试次数明显增加[(25.36±3.48)次vs(15.41±2.89)次],海马CA1区BDNF灰度值较对照组明显增大[(139.13±7.55)次vs(128.36±8.45)次],差异有显著性。应用益智健脑颗粒后,尝试次数明显减少[(17.12±3.51)次vs(25.36±3.48)次]、海马CA1区BDNF灰度值明显减小[(129.98±7.86)次vs(139.13±7.55)次]。结论益智健脑颗粒可以改善AD模型鼠的学习记忆能力,可以作为临床治疗AD的试验用药。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

Development on Adjustable Calibration Marker for Shock Wave Focus

Shock wave lithotripsy （SWL） is a treatment of choice for upper urinary stones. However, this procedure is inappropriate for obese patients because the focus is often unable to reach the target owing to the limited focal distance in shock wave source. Although treating such patients in a blast path may increase the application length of shock wave source, it＇s difficult to find this path on the lithotripter monitor. For this reason, we invented an adjustable calibration marker in order to set an effective focus in the shock wave hath.     

Study on the TCM Pathogenesis of Angiopathic Complications of Type II Diabetes

Excess production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)of mitochondrion mediated by hyperglycemia is the common pathogenesis of angiopathic complications of diabetes.TCM holds that the damp from the dysfunction of spleen.kidney and liver is the causative factor of complications of diabetes.This is similar to the mechanism of Ros resulting in angiopathic complications of diabetes.When the angiopathic complications of type II diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are difierentiated as caused by turbid damp in TCM can be explained as ROS.Since the obstruction of pathogenic damp in channels and collaterals is said to be the main pathogenesis,the treating principle should be dissolving the damp to remove the obstruction.     

Leptin, Ghrelin and TNF-α before and after Hypo-caloric Traditional Chinese Diet and Auricular Acupuncture

INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex emergent problem, which can be possibly solved not only by the diet but also by the life style and promotion of a constant physical exercise. 1, 2 No doubt careful attentions must be given to the nutritional condition of obese people, the dietary habits, the somatic build (i.e. distribution of fat mass) and the organic functions linked to formation of the fat mass. All the parameters should be constantly monitored before, during and after a diet treatment. 3, 4, 5     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Relationship between Dysglycemia and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Tibetan Population

People with dysglycemia are at high risk for atherosclerotic diseases. This study aims at investigating the atherosclerotic vascular damage in dysglycemia and its metabolic origin in Tibetan population.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF SERUM CYTOKINES IL-1β,sIL-2R,IL-6,TNF-α,AND IFN-v IN ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME

Objectives To explore serum cytokines levels (including IL-1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-v) and their significance in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and the subsequent follow-ups, with attempt to estimate the role of various serum inflammatory markers in the diagnosis and assessment of ACS.Methods The study population include 40 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), 40 patients with unstable angina pectoris (UAP), and 40 controls. Among the 80 patients, 60 patients attended a follow up 4 months later. Serum inflammatory markers including IL-1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-v were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.Results Serum IL- 1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α were significantly higher in AMI group or UAP group compared to the control group and became significantly lower 4 months later in the follow-up patients. Serum levels of IFN-v shows no significant difference between AMI group or UAP group and controls, also showing no significant change when measured in follow up patients. There was no correlation between serum creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme levels and serum inflammatory markers either in UAP or AMI group. Furthermore, when divided into two subgroups using Wagner's QRS scoring system in the AMI group, there is no difference of each serum inflammatory marker between ≤ 6 scores group and ＞ 6 scores group.Conclusion Serum levels of certain inflammatory markers may have some diagnostic value for ACS, and can be a useful marker reflecting disease stability.     

Possible Spread of adenovirus type 3 from poultry to humans ：indirect evidence from an outbreak in China

Objective:To explore the epidemiology and etiology for an outbreak of acute respiratory tract infection that occurred in one county of Jiangsu Province, China 2004. Methods: Only cases meeting the case definition were included in the study. We reviewed the medical records of the cases who were admitted to the local hospitals, interviewed cases by a standard questionnaire, and then described the epidemiotogic features and analyzed risk factors by means of a case-control study. We collected pharyngeal swab specimens and sent them to different laboratories for isolation and culture. The laboratory used different detection methods such as DIP, PCR, electron microscope examination and microneutralization assay, to identify and then type the positive specimens. Results:A total of 871 cases were reported during the period from April 18 to July 4,2004. The distribution of onset times presented two peaks, one in late May and another in middle June. The epidemic occurred mainly in the elementary and junior high schools in ten townships of one county, and the mean age of the cases was 12 years (range 7 months to 18 years). The course of the disease was acute, and was characterized by fever accompanied with sore throat and tonsillitis. The WBC count of cases was normal or elevated. The mean duration of illness was 5 days (range 2 to 12 days). No fatalities from illness were reported. A case-control study indicated that the possible risk factors were close contact with a case and/or poultry before onset and sharing of towels among members of the family. The typical CPE was observed through inoculating pharyngeal swab specimens into the HEP-2 cell cultures in different laboratories. An infection of adenovirus type 3 was verified by detecting positive specimens in different methods. Conclusion:This investigation demonstrated that the acute respiratory infection in cases was caused by adenovirus type 3. Cases occurred in over 70 schools in ten townships in 2004, and the route of transmission was possibly close contact with cases or droplet transmission.