转录因子X盒结合蛋白1转染对神经干细胞在缺氧环境下grp78、EDEM表达及抗凋亡能力的影响

目的将X盒结合蛋白1基因以重组腺病毒为载体转染胚鼠海马神经干细胞,观察其在缺氧环境下是否可以使移植后干细胞内grp78、EDEM表达增加以及对干细胞抗凋亡能力的影响。方法取孕16d SD大鼠胚鼠的海马组织进行神经干细胞的分离、克隆、nestin免疫荧光检测,以及传代和扩增。将重组腺病毒Ad-XBP1-EGFP质粒转染胚鼠海马神经干细胞,得到基因修饰后的胚鼠海马神经干细胞。选取未转染的神经干细胞标记为对照组、未转染组;选取转染后的神经干细胞标记为转染组。未转染组和转染组用CoCl2诱导缺氧,24h后WesternBlot检测3组神经干细胞中xbp-1,grp78,EDEM,bcl-2及bax表达,流式细胞术检测NSCs和XBP1-NSCs的凋亡情况。结果在缺氧条件下,与未转染组相比,转染组的grp78表达增加,EDEM表达水平上升,bcl-2水平上升,而bax水平下降(P0.05);转染组神经干细胞凋亡程度较未转染组减轻(P0.05)。结论可以利用重组腺病毒作为载体成功将X盒结合蛋白1基因导入胚鼠海马神经干细胞中;转染后的神经干细胞在缺血缺氧条件下grp78、EDEM水平上升,抗凋亡能力较普通神经干细胞明显增加。     

高表达GPX_l对阿尔茨海默病细胞模型内P-CREB水平的影响

目的探讨细胞内高表达谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPXl)能否提高阿尔茨海默病(AD)细胞模型中cAMP反应元件结合蛋白(CREB)的磷酸化水平。方法采用MTT法确定G418的筛选浓度,采用目的质粒与绿色荧光蛋白质粒共转染的方式将GPXl重组质粒和pLNCX空载体质粒转染至PC12细胞,以G418筛选浓度筛选出成功转染进GPXl重组质粒和pLNCX空载体质粒的细胞;采用MTT法确定β淀粉样蛋白(Aβ25-35)的最佳诱导浓度,建立AD细胞模型;以最佳Aβ25-35浓度分别诱导转染GPXl重组质粒组和转染pLNCX空载体质粒组细胞48h,采用免疫细胞化学方法检测诱导前后各组细胞内P-CREB的水平。结果在最佳Aβ25-35浓度诱导转染GPXl重组质粒组和转染pLNCX空载体质粒组前,两组细胞内的P-CREB水平无统计学差异(P>0.05);诱导48h后,两组细胞内P-CREB水平均显著降低(P<0.01),但转染GPXl重组质粒组细胞内的P-CREB水平仍明显高于转染pLNCX空载体质粒组的水平(P<0.01)。结论 Aβ25-35可导致细胞内P-CREB水平降低,转染GPXl重组质粒可在一定程度上逆转Aβ25-35所致的P-CREB水平降低。     

RND3对PC12细胞凋亡的作用及其机制研究

目的探讨RND3对PC12细胞凋亡的作用及机制。方法通过质粒转染PC12细胞建立RND3在PC12细胞中高表达模型,采用Western blot检测RND3高表达组及对照组RND3蛋白、caspase-3活化蛋白及P65蛋白表达水平。采用荧光定量PCR检测RND3基因的表达水平。应用流式细胞计术(FCM)检测各组细胞凋亡率。结果 RND3高表达组的PC12 FCM提示细胞凋亡率增高,western blot显示caspase-3活化蛋白表达水平增高,P65蛋白表达水平降低。结论 RND3蛋白促进PC12细胞凋亡,并可能与NF-κB信号通路有关。     

活化素A对MPP^＋所诱导的PC12细胞损伤的保护作用

目的观察重组人活化素A(rhAcT)对MPP+所诱导的PC12细胞损伤的保护作用.方法将MMP+或活化素A,L-deprenyl加入体外培养的PC12细胞,用四甲基偶氮唑盐(MTT)法检测细胞活力的变化;用免疫细胞化学法和RT-PCR评价细胞的酪氨酸羟化酶和bcl-2蛋白及mRNA含量的变化,用脱氧核苷酸末端转移酶介导的缺口末端标记法(TUNEL)检测细胞凋亡的变化,比较各组的差异.结果预先给予rhAcT和L-deprenyl的两组细胞活力明显高于MPP+损害组,酪氨酸羟化酶和bcl-2的蛋白及mRNA表达强于损害组,同时两组的凋亡细胞明显减少,rhAcT和L-deprenyl两组间无显著差异.结论rhAcT和L-deprenyl通过上调bcl-2的表达,抑制凋亡的发生,而对MMP+所诱导的PC12细胞的损伤具有保护作用.     

过表达钙整合素结合蛋白CIB诱导SHG44胶质瘤细胞凋亡的实验研究

目的 观察CIB基因对人胶质瘤SHG44细胞体外生长和细胞凋亡的影响.方法 构建重组质粒pcDNA3-CIB,转染人胶质瘤细胞株SHG44,MTT观察各组细胞的体外生长情况,流式细胞术(FCM)测定各组细胞的细胞周期和凋亡细胞数量,Western-blot检测CIB转染后凋亡相关蛋白的表达变化.结果 RT-PCR、Western印迹显示pcDNA3-CIB转染组CIB的mRNA及CIB蛋白表达水平明显高于对照组;与对照组细胞相比,转染CIB的SHG44-CIB组细胞牛长明显减缓(P＜0.01),SHG44-CIB组细胞G_1、S期细胞减少,G_2期细胞增多,凋亡细胞增加至19.2%;凋亡相关蛋白Bcl-2表达下调,Bax表达上调.结论 CIB在体外明显抑制SHG44细胞的生长并诱导其发生凋亡,CIB诱导的凋亡可能与Bcl-2及Bax表达的变化相关.     

DHA介导GPR40转染PC12细胞内的钙离子动员

目的 构建GPR40基因质粒转染PC12细胞,用DHA干预后测定细胞内Ca2+浓度的变化,从而探讨DHA通过GPR40信号途径介导Ca2+上调的作用机制.方法 将PC12细胞分成4组,分别为未转染组.空载体转染组,GPR40基因-pCruz载体转染组及GPR40基因-pCruz载体转染+阻制剂Xestospongin C组;构建大鼠GPR40质粒并转染PC12细胞.采用RT-PCR和Western blot方法 从mRNA和蛋白质水平观察GPR40的表达.DHA(10 μmol/L)干预后,测定细胞内Ca2+浓度.结果 DHA干预后,未转染组和空转染组PC12细胞内Ca2+浓度没有受到明显影响;GPR40基因-pCruz载体转染组细胞内的Ca2+浓度明显增加,且这种作用不受细胞外Ca2+浓度的影响:添加阻滞剂组Ca2+浓度变化也不明显.结论 DHA能动员GPR40基因转染的PC12细胞内Ca2+浓度且这种作用完全能被IP3受体特异性阻止剂Xestospongin C所阻断,提示DHA可能通过GPR40信号途径动员细胞内Ca2+浓度并因此改善神经功能.     

敲低miR221/222上调PUMA促进胶质母细胞瘤U251细胞凋亡的体内研究

目的 探讨敲低miR-221/222表达上调PUMA对U251人脑胶质母细胞瘤凋亡的影响及其机制. 方法 5周龄BALB/c裸鼠左侧鼷部皮下接种1 mm3移植胶质瘤瘤块建立裸鼠移植瘤模型,1周后接受治疗(转染无义序列组、反义miR-221/222共转染组分别瘤内注射无义对照序列、反义miR-221/222寡核苷酸,对照组注射等量溶剂,每组8只).治疗开始至28 d观察肿瘤的生长情况,观察期结束时取肿瘤组织HE染色检测病理学改变;荧光原位杂交(FISH)、实时定量PCR检测肿瘤组织miR-221、miR-222的表达;TUNEL染色检测肿瘤细胞凋亡,免疫组化染色、Western blotting检测肿瘤组织凋亡相关蛋白PUMA、bax和bcl-2、p53的表达. 结果 治疗后6～28 d反义miR-221/222共转染组移植瘤的体积明显低于对照组和转染无义序列组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);与转染无义序列组及对照组比较,反义miR-221/222共转染组肿瘤组织miR-221、miR-222 mRNA的表达水平下降;HE染色显示反义miR-221/222共转染组肿瘤组织异型性减低,新生血管数减少;与对照组和转染无义序列组比较,反义miR-221/222共转染组肿瘤组织的凋亡指数较高,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);免疫组化染色检测显示与对照组和转染无义序列组比较,反义miR-221/222共转染组PUMA、bax表达阳性率较高,bcl-2表达阳性率较低,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05); Western blotting检测显示与对照组和转染无义序列组比较,反义miR-221/222共转染组肿瘤组织PUMA和bax蛋白表达升高,bcl-2表达下降,而p53表达无明显变化. 结论 反义miR-221/222治疗可通过上调PUMA蛋白表达来诱导U251胶质瘤细胞凋亡.     

5000/重组质粒pCDNA3.1/Ngb对局灶性脑缺血大鼠脑保护作用的研究

目的 研究重组神经球蛋白表达质粒pCDNA3.1(+)/Ngb对缺血中的脑保护作用。方法 54只雄性大鼠随机分为生理盐水组、空质粒组和重组神经球蛋白组，每组18只分别于皮质区两部位注射生理盐水、质粒pCDNA3.1(+)和重组质粒pCDNA3.1(+)/Ngb,并于注射后24h采用改良线栓法制备大鼠大脑中动脉缺血24h模型。采用TTC染色、原位细胞凋亡检测、间接免疫荧光法和Western blot检测各组大鼠脑梗死面积，神经细胞凋亡状况和bcl-2蛋白表达变化。结果 经重组质粒pCDNA3.1（+）/Ngb处理的大鼠，其脑梗死面积和注射处缺血半暗带凋亡细胞数较其他两组显著减少(P<0.01)，注射处缺血半暗带bcl-2阳性细胞面积百分比显著增高(P<0.01)，bcl-2蛋白的表达上升约40～50％。结论 质粒pCDNA3.1(+)介导大鼠神经球蛋白基因转入脑内可通过上调bcl-2基因表达抑制局灶性脑缺血神经细胞凋亡，起到局灶性脑缺血脑保护作用。     

创伤性股骨头缺血坏死过程中凋亡调控基因bcl-2、bax的表达及意义

背景：由于骨细胞是股骨头的主要功能细胞,因此股骨头中骨细胞的凋亡及影响凋亡的因子已经成为目前探讨缺血性股骨头坏死发病机制的研究热点。 目的：观察兔股骨头缺血坏死过程中凋亡调控基因bcl-2、bax 的表达变化,探讨股骨头缺血坏死的发病机制。 设计、时间及地点：动物观察试验,于2007-12/2008-09在遵义医学院珠海校区中心实验室完成。 材料：35只新西兰白兔随机分为对照组和实验组(缺血后3,6,12,24,48,96 h)共7组,每组5只。 方法：实验组采用开放手术中断兔股骨头血供致股骨头缺血坏死;对照组动物仅进行皮肤切开和肌肉分离至关节囊的手术。在缺血的不同时间段对股骨头内骨细胞以及Bcl-2、Bax两种蛋白进行测试及比较。 主要观察指标：应用苏木精-伊红染色,免疫组织化学(ABC法)来观测股骨头缺血后3,6,12,24,48,96 h股骨头内骨细胞陷窝变化及Bcl-2、Bax蛋白表达的变化情况。 结果：缺血12 h内苏木精-伊红染色见骨细胞变化较少,48 h出现部分骨细胞和成骨细胞消失,96 h空骨陷窝出现百分比明显高于48 h和对照组的 (P < 0.01)。Bcl-2在缺血后3 h开始出现阳性表达,缺血后12 h出现高峰,然后缓慢下降;Bax在缺血后3 h开始出现阳性表达,高峰出现在缺血后24 h;bcl-2/bax在24 h最小,然后逐渐升高。 结论：创伤性股骨头缺血坏死过程中凋亡基因bcl-2、bax表达变化说明其参与了股骨头细胞凋亡及股骨头缺血坏死过程,结合bcl-2/bax比率变化显示bcl-2、bax在缺血性股骨头坏死中通过调控骨细胞凋亡起作用。     

尿液AD7c-NTP检测在阿尔茨海默病早期诊断中的价值

目的 探讨尿液阿尔茨海默病(AD)相关神经丝蛋白(AD7c-NTP)表达水平在AD及遗忘型轻度认知障碍(aMCI)中的诊断价值.方法 采用酶联免疫吸附试验检测尿液AD7c-NTP表达水平,比较54例AD组、68例aMCI组及46例对照组患者的尿液AD7c-NTP表达水平的差异,并分析尿液AD7c-NTP检测在AD及aM...     

The effect of age of onset of PD on risk of dementia

Background Dementia occurs in the majority of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Late onset of PD has been reported to be associated with a higher risk for dementia. However, age at onset (AAO) and age at baseline assessment are often correlated. The aim of this study was to explore whether AAO of PD symptoms is a risk factor for dementia independent of the general effect of age. Methods Two community-based studies of PD in New York (n = 281) and Rogaland county, Norway (n = 227) and two population-based groups of healthy elderly from New York (n = 180) and Odense, Denmark (n = 2414) were followed prospectively for 3–4 years and assessed for dementia according to DSM-IIIR. All PD and control cases underwent neurological examination and were followed with neurological and neuropsychological assessments. We used Cox proportional hazards regression based on three different time scales to explore the effect of AAO of PD on risk of dementia, adjusting for age at baseline and other demographic and clinical variables. Findings In both PD groups and in the pooled analyses, there was a significant effect of age at baseline assessment on the time to develop dementia, but there was no effect of AAO independent of age itself. Consistent with these results, there was no increased relative effect of age on the time to develop dementia in PD cases compared with controls. Interpretation This study shows that it is the general effect of age, rather than AAO that is associated with incident dementia in subjects with PD. Received in revised form: 22 December 2005     

帕金森病运动症状进展分析

目的分析帕金森病(PD)患者运动症状进展特点。方法采用PD统一评分量表(UPDRS)Ⅲ对912例PD患者进行评估。结果与病程1年的患者比较,除病程1~2年的患者外,其他病程患者的UPDRSⅢ评分、强直分、姿势或步态异常分、轴性症状总分、言语分、步态分显著升高(均P0.05),病程5~6年及14年患者的震颤分,病程5~6年、7~8年、9~13年、14年患者的运动迟缓分、姿势分显著升高(P0.05~0.01)。轴性症状进展速度高于UPDRSⅢ评分。结论 PD患者病程早期UPDRSⅢ评分进展快,震颤症状进展独立于其他症状,轴性症状评分较UPDRSⅢ更敏感地反映疾病加重趋势。     

Frequency of accumulation of filaments in adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cells of myelinated fibers of rat spinal roots

Summary The frequency of accumulation of 6-nm filaments in the adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cells in the 6th lumbar dorsal and ventral roots was evaluated in 4-, 8-, 26- and 45-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats. The frequency was higher in 4- and 8-week-old (growing) rats than in 26- and 45-week old (mature) rats, and also higher in ventral than in dorsal roots in 4-, 8- and 26-week old rats. There were no clusters on certain groups of myelinated fibers according to the size of transverse axonal area, in both the ventral and dorsal roots. Therefore, this accumulation may reflect certain functions of the adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cell during natural growth and maturation of the axon and myelin sheath.     

Function of circle of Willis

Nearly 400 years ago, Thomas Willis described the arterial ring at the base of the brain (the circle of Willis, CW) and recognized it as a compensatory system in the case of arterial occlusion. This theory is still accepted. We present several arguments that via negativa should discard the compensatory theory. (1) Current theory is anthropocentric; it ignores other species and their analog structures. (2) Arterial pathologies are diseases of old age, appearing after gene propagation. (3) According to the current theory, evolution has foresight. (4) Its commonness among animals indicates that it is probably a convergent evolutionary structure. (5) It was observed that communicating arteries are too small for effective blood flow, and (6) missing or hypoplastic in the majority of the population. We infer that CW, under physiologic conditions, serves as a passive pressure dissipating system; without considerable blood flow, pressure is transferred from the high to low pressure end, the latter being another arterial component of CW. Pressure gradient exists because pulse wave and blood flow arrive into the skull through different cerebral arteries asynchronously, due to arterial tree asymmetry. Therefore, CW and its communicating arteries protect cerebral artery and blood–brain barrier from hemodynamic stress.     

Effects of prevention of afferentation of the development of the chick optic lobe

BONDY, S. C., M. E. HARRINGTON AND C. L. ANDERSON. Effects of prevention of afferentation on the developmentof the chick optic lobe. BRAIN RES. BULL. 3(5) 411–413, 1978.—The effects of unilateral extirpation of the right optic cup of the three-day incubated chick embryo upon the rate of synthesis and the stability of DNA in the non-innervated optic lobe, have been studied. This surgical procedure prevents innervation of the optic lobe contralateral to the removed eye, while the other optic lobe is normally innervated by retinal ganglion cells of the remaining eye. At the 20th day of incubation, the DNA content of the non-innervated lobe was below that of the paired lobe receiving normal innervation. This deficiency of cell number was caused by two events; death of an excess number of neurons formed early in embryogenesis and a reduced rate of glial proliferation in the later stages of incubation.     

腺垂体功能减退症临床特征变化分析

目的探讨腺垂体功能减退症患者的病因结构变化及临床表现。方法回顾性分析我院2013-01—2016-12住院及门诊78例腺垂体功能减退症患者的临床资料。结果男32例(41.03%),女46例(58.97%);诊断时年龄11~89岁,平均62.5岁;鞍区占位(包括术前及术后)52例(66.67%),席汉综合征8例(10.26%),空泡蝶鞍9例(11.65%),病因不明8例(10.26%),垂体-下丘脑发育不良1例(1.28%)。首次就诊科室:纳差厌食、恶心呕吐就诊于消化内科36例(46.15%)最常见。ACTH+TSH+Gn+G激素缺乏为19例最多,占24.36%,ACTH+TSH+Gn缺乏15例,占19.23%。结论腺垂体功能减退症病因结构发生变化,发病人群、首发症状及受累激素也不同,患者女性多于男性,发病年龄偏高,症状不典型,分布于临床多个科室,其中以低钠血症为首发临床表现就诊消化内科最多。     

Standards of instrumentation of EMG

Standardization of Electromyography (EMG) instrumentation is of particular importance to ensure high quality recordings. This consensus report on “Standards of Instrumentation of EMG” is an update and extension of the earlier IFCN Guidelines published in 1999. First, a panel of experts in different fields from different geographical distributions was invited to submit a section on their particular interest and expertise. Then, the merged document was circulated for comments and edits until a consensus emerged.The first sections in this document cover technical aspects such as instrumentation, EMG hardware and software including amplifiers and filters, digital signal analysis and instrumentation settings. Other sections cover the topics such as temporary storage, trigger and delay line, averaging, electrode types, stimulation techniques for optimal and standardised EMG examinations, and the artefacts electromyographers may face and safety rules they should follow. Finally, storage of data and databases, report generators and external communication are summarized.     

Modelling of movement of the lamprey: Control of oscillators

This article discusses the control methods of the central pattern generator (CPG). First a control model of the CPG is presented using 2 oscillators, and we suggest that phasic modulation to the CPG by means of phasic information is effective for controlling the phase difference between oscillators. Next, two models for controlling the CPG of a lamprey are proposed. One model describes a control system from the brain stem, in which the reticulospinal neurons control the CPG by receiving feedback signals and sending control signals to the neck region of the CPG. The other is a model for learning an localized control system to generate a desired motor pattern. By means of these models, a role of the efference copy is suggested.     

《绵阳市社会心理服务工作管理办法》解读

2018年,国家卫生健康委员会等10部委联合发布《关于印发全国社会心理服务体系建设试点工作方案的通知》,四川省绵阳市被列为全国第一批试点地区。绵阳市人民政府依据《中华人民共和国精神卫生法》等相关法律法规和文件精神,结合前期调查研究和社会心理服务工作的试点实际,编制出台了《绵阳市社会心理服务工作管理办法》,并于2021年12月25日起施行。本文围绕社会心理服务的相关概念、办法总则、重点内容、保障措施等方面进行解读,以期为社会心理服务工作的规范、持续和有效开展提供参考。     

利培酮对精神分裂症患者生活质量的影响

目的：比较利培酮与氟哌啶醇对精神分裂症患者生活质量的影响。方法：对门诊72例服用氟哌啶醇及74例服用利培酮的精神分裂症患者用生活质量综合评定问卷（GQOLI）、阳性与阴性症状量表（PANSS）、副反应量表（TESS）进行评定。结果：利培酮组患者治疗后生活质量有所提高,而氟哌啶醇组患者生活质量有所下降。结论：利培酮治疗有利于患者提高生活质量。