川东北地区社会心理服务现状调查

目的 调查川东北地区各组织机构开展社会心理服务的现状以及居民的心理健康状况，为该地区社会心理服务体系建设工作的进一步开展提供参考。方法 采用自编调查表对巴中市通江县、广元市利州区、达州市大竹县共计148家组织机构进行调查，包括各组织机构社会心理服务体系建设工作现状及心理健康服务开展情况；采用患者健康问卷抑郁量表（PHQ-9）、广泛性焦虑障碍量表（GAD-7）和自编心理健康服务需求调查表，对三地试点地区21 505名居民的心理健康状况及其对心理服务的需求进行调查。结果 在试点地区148家组织机构中，81家（54.7%）机构有开展心理健康服务的场所，58家（39.2%）机构配备了专兼职心理健康服务工作人员。在2019年，有95家（64.2%）机构开展了职工心理健康服务活动，104家（70.3%）机构开展了心理健康科普宣传活动。在75家教育机构中，67家（89.3%）机构对学生开展了心理健康教育活动，47家（62.7%）机构实现了心理健康课程在学生中全覆盖。居民的抑郁、焦虑检出率分别为36.8%和30.8%，有83.7%的居民有心理健康服务的需求，主要集中在个人成长、婚姻家庭、子女教育和压力管理方面。结论 川东北三市试点地区的社会心理服务工作有序进行，场地、经费及人才保障有待进一步加强。居民的抑郁和焦虑问题较突出，且对心理健康服务的需求较高。     

四川省绵阳市心理学会第九届会员代表大会暨2014年学术年会圆满召开

<正>2014年10月25日,绵阳市心理学会第九届会员代表大会暨2014年学术年会在四川省精神卫生中心召开。绵阳市政府、市卫生局、市社科联、市科协组织部等单位领导出席会议。有来自德阳、宜宾、广元、遂宁、南充及绵阳市的医疗卫生系统、高校及学校教育系统、司法系统、非政府组织系统和个体心理咨询机构代表近300人参加了本次学术会议。学术年会上,中南大学博士生导师张亚林教授等作了题为《中国道家认知疗法》、《基于焦点问题解决的心理咨询案     

精神科护士自我保护与法律问题探讨

由于工作环境设施,工作风险、压力、社会地位等因素,造成精神科护士的心理负担过重。但是如果熟知相关的国家法律条文,明白在自己的工作中与法律有关的潜在性问题,自觉去遵守,必要时用法律保护自己的一切合法权益,这样就能减轻心理负担,提高护理质量、改善服务态度。 关于精神病人的监护权 1985年人民卫生出版社出版的《医疗事故纠纷的防范与处理》一书中认为,目前我国医疗处理办法中尚无有关精神病院的特殊规定。社会上也存在种种误解,认为精神病院在收治精神病人时就成为其监护权人。病人在住院期间所出现的一切问     

新年寄語

<正>红灯高挂,新桃盈门;寒风虽冽,阳光更艳。至冷暖交织,辞旧迎新之际,《四川精神卫生》杂志特向学界、编委、作者、读众致以衷心的感谢和诚挚的祝福!《四川精神卫生》杂志作为心理卫生的专业载体,负有深入贯彻落实习近平总书记在全国卫生与健康大会上关于加强心理健康服务的精神和22部委《关于加强心理健康服务的指导意见》的责任以及传播精神卫生知识、服务社会大众心理     

主动适应和配合医改工作

十四届三中全会以后,国务院批准了《关于职工医疗制度改革试点意见》,在镇江市和九江市进行了试点。在取得经验的基础上,１９９６年又批准下发了《扩大试点的意见》,盐城市是全国５７个扩大试点的城市之一。作为医改扩大试点城市的精神病专科医院,主动适应和配合医改工作义不容辞。我院在医改中对上多争取,对外多宣传,对内抓管理,业务收入逐年增长。试点前的１９９６年劳保和公费医疗病人业务收入为８０万元,１９９７年医改后达１１０万元,１９９８年增至１８０万元,医疗质量获得稳步提高,医德医风有了进一步改善。作者单位：２…     

社区神经症患者的心理社会因素研究

目的 为神经症的社区预防工作提供有针对性的相关依据。方法 使用ＣＣＭＤ－Ⅱ－Ｒ、ＩＣＤ－１０及神经症社区调查问卷等工具,对３６５例神经患者的性格特征,各类间接或直接的心理社会因素,与性别、年龄等特征相匹配的３６３例正常人予以对照分析。结果神经症患者组中的外向性格明显少于对照组（Ｐ〈０．０５）,慢性内科疾病及家庭婚姻问题、亲人亡故、居丧、人际关系问题等生活事件明显高于对照组（Ｐ〈０．００１）。结论 在社区精神卫生服务中应重点关注心理社会因素对神经症的发生、发展作用。     

实践优质护理服务的体会

2010-01卫生部下发了《2010年"优质护理服务示范工程"活动方案》,我院被作为卫生部首批试点医院,在全院范围内率先开展了19个病区作为试点,2010-03-01,我科被护理部批准成为开展优质护理服务的首批试点病区之一.而今,优质护理服务在我病区已经过了1 a多的实践历程,我科全体医护人员经过了转变服务理念、学习探讨创新排班模式、总结经验等各种措施,取得一定的效果与收获,出院患者的满意度上升至98.8％,并于2010年底在全院优质护理示范病区公开竞选中脱颖而出,代表我院作为国家级先进示范病区上报至卫生部.现将实践中具体工作做法与体会向大家汇报交流.     

《新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎疫情紧急心理危机干预指导原则》专家解析

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情是一次突发的公共卫生危机事件,不仅威胁人们的身体健康,也会给大众带来心理冲击,引起相应的心理行为问题。2020年1月26日,国家下发《新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎疫情紧急心理危机干预指导原则》,本文从由谁提供(心理危机干预服务)、给谁提供、提供什么、怎么提供、注意事项5个方面对上述指导原则总体内容进行概括整理,并提出几点思考,以帮助提供相关服务的精神心理工作人员更好地理解和实施指导原则。     

产后抑郁的有关心理、社会和生物学因素研究

目的调查产后抑郁的发生率以及相关的生物、心理、社会因素。方法对299名产妇在产后第3天用Edinburgh产后抑郁量表(EPDS)进行评定，并收集有关的心理社会因素以及产科因素。其中的117名完成产后第42天的EPDS评定。结果产后抑郁的发生率为23.08%，家庭支持等心理社会因素和产后抑郁密切相关。结论产后抑郁的发生具有一定的社会和心理因素。     

四期心理咨询师培训班概况分析及教学管理工作的体会

根据全国精神卫生工作10年规划明确提出的关于加强心理咨询和心理治疗专业人员培训的要求,为了满足社会对心理咨询规范服务日益增长的需求,切实加强本市心理咨询工作的行业管理,为整个上海乃至全国培养心理健康咨询专业人才,从2003年3月至今,心理咨询师和心理治疗师培训班在上海市心理咨询培训中心共举办了4期.本文对此项工作作一初步小结并谈点教学管理的体会.     

Effects of prevention of afferentation of the development of the chick optic lobe

BONDY, S. C., M. E. HARRINGTON AND C. L. ANDERSON. Effects of prevention of afferentation on the developmentof the chick optic lobe. BRAIN RES. BULL. 3(5) 411–413, 1978.—The effects of unilateral extirpation of the right optic cup of the three-day incubated chick embryo upon the rate of synthesis and the stability of DNA in the non-innervated optic lobe, have been studied. This surgical procedure prevents innervation of the optic lobe contralateral to the removed eye, while the other optic lobe is normally innervated by retinal ganglion cells of the remaining eye. At the 20th day of incubation, the DNA content of the non-innervated lobe was below that of the paired lobe receiving normal innervation. This deficiency of cell number was caused by two events; death of an excess number of neurons formed early in embryogenesis and a reduced rate of glial proliferation in the later stages of incubation.     

The effect of age of onset of PD on risk of dementia

Background Dementia occurs in the majority of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Late onset of PD has been reported to be associated with a higher risk for dementia. However, age at onset (AAO) and age at baseline assessment are often correlated. The aim of this study was to explore whether AAO of PD symptoms is a risk factor for dementia independent of the general effect of age. Methods Two community-based studies of PD in New York (n = 281) and Rogaland county, Norway (n = 227) and two population-based groups of healthy elderly from New York (n = 180) and Odense, Denmark (n = 2414) were followed prospectively for 3–4 years and assessed for dementia according to DSM-IIIR. All PD and control cases underwent neurological examination and were followed with neurological and neuropsychological assessments. We used Cox proportional hazards regression based on three different time scales to explore the effect of AAO of PD on risk of dementia, adjusting for age at baseline and other demographic and clinical variables. Findings In both PD groups and in the pooled analyses, there was a significant effect of age at baseline assessment on the time to develop dementia, but there was no effect of AAO independent of age itself. Consistent with these results, there was no increased relative effect of age on the time to develop dementia in PD cases compared with controls. Interpretation This study shows that it is the general effect of age, rather than AAO that is associated with incident dementia in subjects with PD. Received in revised form: 22 December 2005     

帕金森病运动症状进展分析

目的分析帕金森病(PD)患者运动症状进展特点。方法采用PD统一评分量表(UPDRS)Ⅲ对912例PD患者进行评估。结果与病程1年的患者比较,除病程1~2年的患者外,其他病程患者的UPDRSⅢ评分、强直分、姿势或步态异常分、轴性症状总分、言语分、步态分显著升高(均P0.05),病程5~6年及14年患者的震颤分,病程5~6年、7~8年、9~13年、14年患者的运动迟缓分、姿势分显著升高(P0.05~0.01)。轴性症状进展速度高于UPDRSⅢ评分。结论 PD患者病程早期UPDRSⅢ评分进展快,震颤症状进展独立于其他症状,轴性症状评分较UPDRSⅢ更敏感地反映疾病加重趋势。     

Frequency of accumulation of filaments in adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cells of myelinated fibers of rat spinal roots

Summary The frequency of accumulation of 6-nm filaments in the adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cells in the 6th lumbar dorsal and ventral roots was evaluated in 4-, 8-, 26- and 45-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats. The frequency was higher in 4- and 8-week-old (growing) rats than in 26- and 45-week old (mature) rats, and also higher in ventral than in dorsal roots in 4-, 8- and 26-week old rats. There were no clusters on certain groups of myelinated fibers according to the size of transverse axonal area, in both the ventral and dorsal roots. Therefore, this accumulation may reflect certain functions of the adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cell during natural growth and maturation of the axon and myelin sheath.     

Function of circle of Willis

Nearly 400 years ago, Thomas Willis described the arterial ring at the base of the brain (the circle of Willis, CW) and recognized it as a compensatory system in the case of arterial occlusion. This theory is still accepted. We present several arguments that via negativa should discard the compensatory theory. (1) Current theory is anthropocentric; it ignores other species and their analog structures. (2) Arterial pathologies are diseases of old age, appearing after gene propagation. (3) According to the current theory, evolution has foresight. (4) Its commonness among animals indicates that it is probably a convergent evolutionary structure. (5) It was observed that communicating arteries are too small for effective blood flow, and (6) missing or hypoplastic in the majority of the population. We infer that CW, under physiologic conditions, serves as a passive pressure dissipating system; without considerable blood flow, pressure is transferred from the high to low pressure end, the latter being another arterial component of CW. Pressure gradient exists because pulse wave and blood flow arrive into the skull through different cerebral arteries asynchronously, due to arterial tree asymmetry. Therefore, CW and its communicating arteries protect cerebral artery and blood–brain barrier from hemodynamic stress.     

广西农村壮族妇女精神分裂症患者生活质量状况调查

目的研究农村壮族妇女精神分裂症患者的生活质量及影响因素。方法前瞻性的队列研究。采用随机分层抽样法分为农村壮族妇女精神分裂症组、农村汉族妇女精神分裂症组、农村正常妇女对照组,应用“世界卫生组织生存质量测定报告”(WHOQOL-100)及PANSS量表调查其生活质量和疾病的严重程度。结果农村壮族妇女精神分裂症患者生活质量明显低于农村汉族妇女精神分裂症患者,影响其生活质量的相关因素是生活环境及精神支柱/个人信仰。结论经济贫困、环境条件、缺乏有效的医疗服务和社会保障是农村壮族妇女精神分裂症患者生活质量低的关键。因此,建立农村壮族社区精神卫生服务网络势在必行。     

Modelling of movement of the lamprey: Control of oscillators

This article discusses the control methods of the central pattern generator (CPG). First a control model of the CPG is presented using 2 oscillators, and we suggest that phasic modulation to the CPG by means of phasic information is effective for controlling the phase difference between oscillators. Next, two models for controlling the CPG of a lamprey are proposed. One model describes a control system from the brain stem, in which the reticulospinal neurons control the CPG by receiving feedback signals and sending control signals to the neck region of the CPG. The other is a model for learning an localized control system to generate a desired motor pattern. By means of these models, a role of the efference copy is suggested.     

The origins of innervation of the esophagus of the dog

This study defined the origins of extrinsic efferent and afferent innervation of the normal canine esophagus. When all the layers of the wall of the 3 esophageal regions (cervical, thoracic and abdominal) were injected with horseradish peroxidase (HRP), labeled nerve cells were found in the nucleus ambiguus (NA) and parasympathetic nucleus of X (PX) of the brainstem. Most labeled cells in the NA were located in the compact column (retrofacial nucleus) while labeled cells in the PX were located in separate rostral and caudal areas. There was no somatotopic organization in either the NA or PX. Labeled sympathetic postganglionic neurons were found in the cranial cervical, middle cervical, cervicothoracic, thoracic sympathetic trunk and celiacomesenteric ganglia. The HRP injection of the esophageal wall labeled sensory cell bodies in the glossopharyngeal, proximal and distal vagal, and C2-T6 spinal ganglia. There was no discernible pattern of distribution of labeled cells in the autonomic or sensory ganglia. When the HRP injections were confined to the mucosa-submucosa layers of the thoracic esophagus, a small number of labeled cells were identified in the NA; however, no labeled cells were found in the NA when injections were confined to the mucosa-submucosa of either the cervical or abdominal esophageal regions. With these confined injections, the labeled nerve cells appeared in the rostral part of the PX. Thus, it appeared that the internal tunics of the esophagus (i.e., the mucosa and submucosa) were innervated by neurons in the rostral PX while the muscular tunic was innervated by neurons in the caudal PX and the rostral NA. After mucosa-submucosa injections, labeled sympathetic neurons appeared in the same ganglia that were identified after whole wall injections and these had a similar random distribution. These injections also labeled neurons in the glossopharyngeal, proximal vagal, and distal vagal ganglia, but unlike the whole wall injections there was no labeling in the spinal ganglia. This suggested that the labeled cells of the spinal ganglia seen after whole wall injections conveyed impulses from the tunica muscularis and serosa.     

利培酮对精神分裂症患者生活质量的影响

目的：比较利培酮与氟哌啶醇对精神分裂症患者生活质量的影响。方法：对门诊72例服用氟哌啶醇及74例服用利培酮的精神分裂症患者用生活质量综合评定问卷（GQOLI）、阳性与阴性症状量表（PANSS）、副反应量表（TESS）进行评定。结果：利培酮组患者治疗后生活质量有所提高，而氟哌啶醇组患者生活质量有所下降。结论：利培酮治疗有利于患者提高生活质量。