主动导线在右心室流出道间隔部起搏的研究

目的 探讨采用主动固定导线行右心室流出道(RVOT)间隔部起搏的可行性和安全性.方法 用主动固定导线行RVOT间隔部起搏(主动导线组)45例,用被动固定导线行右心室心尖部(RVA)起搏(被动导线组)43例,记录两组患者术中及术后的各项检测参数并进行比较.结果 两组均顺利完成手术,未出现严重并发症.主动导线组固定次数(1.5±0.8)次与被动导线组(1.3±0.5)次差异无统计学意义(t=1.41.P＞0.05),主动导线组手术时间(73.45±11.21)min较被动导线组(68.34±11.43)min长(t=2.12,P＜0.05),曝光时间(9.13±3.04)min较被动导线组(7.11±2.21)min长(t=3.58,P＜0.01).主动导线置入15min后可达到理想参数,但起搏阈值(0.69±0.18)V较被动导线组(0.56±0.12)V高(t=4.00,P＜0.01).术后1个月时随访,两组的起搏参数主动导线组起搏阈值(0.70±0.19)V、阻抗(699.31±147.25)Ω、感知灵敏度(13.57±4.56)mV;被动导线组起搏阈值(0.58±0.14)V、阻抗(662.79±126.14)Ω、感知灵敏度(14.51±4.31)mV.手术时主动导线组旋出15min后的起搏阈值(0.69±0.18)V、阻抗(708.22±142.03)Ω、感知灵敏度(13.33±4.71)mV;被动导线组起搏阈值(0.56±0.12)V、阻抗(653.62±117.58)Ω、感知灵敏度(14.76±3.98)mV,两组比较比较差异无统计学意义(均P＞0.05).结论 使用主动导线行RVOT间隔部起搏安全可行.     

主动固定导线行右心室流出道间隔部起搏的临床应用

目的：探讨采用主动固定导线行右心室流出道（RVOT）间隔部起搏的可行性和安全性。方法：需安置体内埋藏式心脏起搏器的患者120例行RVOT间隔部起搏,根据心室是否依赖起搏分为心室起搏依赖组（48例）和心室起搏非依赖组（72例）,记录两组术中、术后的各项参数及术后起搏导管的稳定性并进行比较。结果：两组均顺利完成手术,未出现严重并发症。两组及亚组分析显示手术时间、X线曝光时间、囊袋形成耗时、寻找头静脉耗时及心室起搏参数差异均无显著性（P〉0.05）。非依赖组主动导线置入即刻起搏阈值及阻抗明显升高,15 min后可达到理想阈值。两组术后1、3个月随访,心室起搏参数与置入时差异均无显著性（P〉0.05）。心室起搏依赖组在术后3 d发生心房被动导线脱位1例,2组RVOT主动固定导线在术后3～12个月的随访中未见脱位。结论：不论心室起搏依赖或非依赖者,使用主动固定导线行RVOT间隔部起搏安全可行。     

右心室间隔部起搏的安全性研究

目的:研究右心室间隔部起搏的安全性。方法:35例需起搏器植入的患者,随机分组,分别采用VVI或DDD起搏模式,其中17例行右心室间隔部位起搏(RVS组),18例行右心室心尖部起搏(RVA组),比较研究不同起搏部位的右心室电极在术中、术后1个月、术后3个月的电压阈值、阻抗、感知的差异,以及手术中右心室电极到位后所需的X线曝光时间的差异。并且通过超声心动图比较两组在术后3个月心功能参数的差异。结果:17例患者利用螺旋电极均成功地进行了右心室间隔部(RVS)的电极固定,未发生并发症;18例患者使用被动电极行右室心尖部(RVA)的电极植入,发生1例电极脱位,重新植入后随访3月起搏功能正常。右心室间隔部起搏时心室电极的电压阈值、阻抗和感知在术中、术后1个月、3个月与右室心尖部起搏比较没有显著性差异。术中电极到位的X线曝光时间也无明显差异。结论:与常规的右心室心尖部起搏比较,右心室间隔部起搏同样安全,操作简单易行。     

右室流出道间隔部起搏主动电极和右室心尖部被动电极的对照研究

目的 比较右室主动电极和被动电极导线应用结果,探讨主动螺旋电极在右室流出道间隔部(RVS)起搏中的可行性及安全性.方法 选择60例具备永久性起搏器植入指征的患者,30例采用主动固定电极行RVS起搏(主动固定电极组).30例采用被动固定电极行右室心尖部(RVA)起搏(被动固定电极组),测定有关参数并随访观察.结果 两组患者均顺利完成手术,未出现严重并发症.主动固定电极组电极置入即刻起搏阈值、固定次数、曝光时间均明显高于被动固定电极组,差异均有统计学意义(均p<0.05);两组电极置入即刻电极阻抗及感知阈值的差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05).术后1、3个月时,两组各起搏参数的差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05).两组患者均未见电极脱位.结论 使用主动固定电极行RVS起搏是安全可行的.     

选择性部位起搏对左室收缩同步性的影响

目的 应用二维斑点追踪成像超声技术,通过计算起搏后左室各节段收缩时间的差异,比较右室心尖(RVA)起搏与右室流出道(RVOT)间隔起搏时对左室收缩同步性的影响.方法 入选符合起搏器植入适应证的患者60例,随机分为RVA组30例,RVOT组30例.RVA组患者右室电极植于右室心尖部,RVOT组患者右室电极植于右室流出道间隔部.所有患者术后程控心室电极100％起搏,应用二维斑点追踪成像技术,测量左室径向应变达峰时间的差异.结果 RVA组起搏后,左室6节段径向应变达峰时间的最大差、标准差分别为105.27士19.74 ms、42.71±17.63 ms;RVOT组起搏后6节段径向应变达峰时间的最大差、标准差分别为41.65±-12.17 ms、17.63±5.62 ms,两组比较各指标均有差异(P＜0.01).结论 RVOT间隔部起搏后的左室收缩同步性优于RVA起搏.     

右室不同部位起搏对二尖瓣功能的影响

目的比较右室心尖部（RVA）起搏与右室流出道间隔部（RVOT）起搏对二尖瓣功能的影响,探讨间隔部起搏的临床益处。方法选取因Ⅲ度或高度房室传导阻滞植入起搏器患者72例,随机分成RVA组40例和RVOT组32例,观察两组术前及术后6个月左室射血分数（LVEF）、左室舒张末期内径（LVDd）以及二尖瓣功能变化。结果术后6个月,RVA组LVEF较术前明显降低,而RVOT组与术前相比无明显变化,两组LVDd与术前相比均无明显变化。RVA组新发反流及反流加重比率较RVOT组明显增加。结论与RVA起搏相比,RVOT起搏对二尖瓣功能及左室功能影响较小,是安全有效的起搏部位。     

右室流出道间隔部与心尖部起搏的急性血流动力学对比研究

目的:比较右心室流出道间隔部(RVOT)和右心室心尖部(RVA)起搏对植入心脏起搏器患者的急性血流动力学影响.方法:选择具有起搏器植入指征的患者25例,其中病态窦房结综合征10例,Ⅲ°房室传导阻滞15例,随机分为RVOT组(n=13)和RVA组(n=12),RVOT组导线选用主动固定电极,RVA组选用被动固定电极.起搏方式均为心室按需型起搏模式(VVI),对于病态窦房结综合征,必要时缩短AV间期以保证完全心室起搏.术后第一周内,在心室起搏完全夺获条件下,对比分析两种不同部位起搏时QRS波时限(QRSd)及每分心输出量(CO)、每搏心输出量(SV)、心脏指数(CI).结果:2组患者均完成手术,术中术后均无严重并发症发生,RVOT组1例术后2 d出现起搏不良,第3天行电极重新固定.RVOT组较RVA组的心室起搏时QRS时限显著缩短[(129±11) ms vs(149±15) ms,P＜0.05],SV[(84±8) mL vs(74±8) mL,P＜0.05],CO [(5.6±0.7) L/min vs (4.8±0.9) L/min,P＜0.05],CI [(3.8±0.5) L/min·m-2 vs (3.2±0.6) L/min·m-2]均有明显提高.结论:RVOT起搏较RVA起搏获得更佳的急性血流动力学效应.     

心室流出道间隔部起搏的临床应用

目的:评价主动电极行右心室流出道间隔部(RVSP)起搏的可行性和安全性。方法:选择61例Ⅲ度房室传导阻滞患者,分别行RVSP起搏(RVSP组,n=33)和右室心尖部起搏(RVAP组,n=28)。比较两组患者植入手术时间和X线透视时间的差异,比较两组患者植入术中和术后12个月心室电极导线参数(起搏阈值、R波感知及阻抗)的差异,观察两组患者术前及术后12个月QRS波时限,观察两组患者手术并发症情况。结果:主动电极旋出20 min后阈值水平与12个月后阈值比较差异无统计学意义;两组患者测试R波感知及导线阻抗差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组患者植入手术时间及X线透视时间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组患者术后QRS波时限均较术前延长(P<0.01),RVA组较RVSP组延长更为明显(P<0.01);两组患者手术并发症差异无统计学意义。结论:采用主动电极行RVSP起搏是安全、可行的。     

主动固定电极在右室中部间隔面起搏的临床应用

目的探讨右室中部间隔面起搏定位方法及对患者心功能的影响。方法对38例行心脏起搏器植入治疗的缓慢性心律失常患者随机分为右室流出道(RVOT)中部间隔组(18例)和右室心尖部(RVA)组(20例),观察两组患者手术一般情况,以及术后6个月的心电图、心脏彩超EF值和左心室舒张末期内径等指标变化。并将行右室间隔面起搏18例患者心室电极植入不同部位定位比较,在X线后前位结合脊柱影分为高、中(距心影下缘1.5-2个椎体影)、低三部分,右前斜位时将心影纵向均分为4区,并分析左前斜位下电极的指向,不同部位起搏术中测试起搏后QRS波形态,电轴,时限。结果术后随访6个月,RVOT组QRS波时限和左心室射血分数均优于RVA组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。间隔部所有电极左前斜位投照时均指向脊柱侧,右前斜位投照时电极头端位于心影3区或4区,后前位下中部间隔组起搏后QRS波时限明显窄于高位和低位组,电轴也较其他两组更接近于正常(P<0.05)。结论 RVOT中部间隔起搏较RVA起搏更符合"生理性"起搏的特点,对心功能及心电的不良影响也小于RVA起搏。在右室中部间隔面起搏,电极距心影下缘1.5-2个椎体影高度处且右前斜位时头端位于3区者起搏后QRS波时限较窄,电轴较正常。     

右室流入道间隔部起搏和右室心尖部起搏对左室功能的影响

[目的]比较右室流入道间隔部(RVITS)起搏和右室心尖部(RVA)起搏对左室功能的影响。[方法]需要安置心脏起搏器患者40例,随机分为两组,右室流入道间隔部(RVITS)起搏组和右室心尖部(RVA)起搏组,右室流入道间隔部(RVITS)起搏组均应用主动固定电极导线行右心室流入道间隔部固定,右室心尖部(RVA)起搏组使用被动固定电极。术前、术后6个月在同一起搏频率下用超声心动图测定起搏时的左心室射血分数、短轴缩短率、每搏输出量和心输出量。[结果]RVITS间隔起搏组术后6月的左心室射血分数、短轴缩短率、每搏输出量和心输出量与术前相比无明显变化,RVA起搏组术后6月的左心室射血分数、短轴缩短率、每搏输出量和心输出量均降低(P0.05)。[结论]RVITS起搏六月随访对血流动力学无明显不良影响,RVITS起搏较RVA起搏对左室收缩功能的影响小,是一种较为理想的起搏部位。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Development on Adjustable Calibration Marker for Shock Wave Focus

Shock wave lithotripsy （SWL） is a treatment of choice for upper urinary stones. However, this procedure is inappropriate for obese patients because the focus is often unable to reach the target owing to the limited focal distance in shock wave source. Although treating such patients in a blast path may increase the application length of shock wave source, it＇s difficult to find this path on the lithotripter monitor. For this reason, we invented an adjustable calibration marker in order to set an effective focus in the shock wave hath.     

Study on the TCM Pathogenesis of Angiopathic Complications of Type II Diabetes

Excess production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)of mitochondrion mediated by hyperglycemia is the common pathogenesis of angiopathic complications of diabetes.TCM holds that the damp from the dysfunction of spleen.kidney and liver is the causative factor of complications of diabetes.This is similar to the mechanism of Ros resulting in angiopathic complications of diabetes.When the angiopathic complications of type II diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are difierentiated as caused by turbid damp in TCM can be explained as ROS.Since the obstruction of pathogenic damp in channels and collaterals is said to be the main pathogenesis,the treating principle should be dissolving the damp to remove the obstruction.     

Leptin, Ghrelin and TNF-α before and after Hypo-caloric Traditional Chinese Diet and Auricular Acupuncture

INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex emergent problem, which can be possibly solved not only by the diet but also by the life style and promotion of a constant physical exercise. 1, 2 No doubt careful attentions must be given to the nutritional condition of obese people, the dietary habits, the somatic build (i.e. distribution of fat mass) and the organic functions linked to formation of the fat mass. All the parameters should be constantly monitored before, during and after a diet treatment. 3, 4, 5     

Relationship between Dysglycemia and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Tibetan Population

People with dysglycemia are at high risk for atherosclerotic diseases. This study aims at investigating the atherosclerotic vascular damage in dysglycemia and its metabolic origin in Tibetan population.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

Luo Lingjie's Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Dr.Zhang Ren's Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.