胸椎黄韧带骨化症合并硬脊膜骨化的研究进展

黄韧带骨化是指脊柱间黄韧带内的纤维组织转化为骨性组织的病理生理结果[1].黄韧带骨化在颈椎、胸椎、腰椎均可发生,以胸椎特别是下胸椎(T9～T12)最多见[2-5],好发于40～60岁成年人.黄韧带骨化是胸椎管狭窄一个最常见、最重要的原因[6-7].随着黄韧带骨化程度的逐渐加重,黄韧带比邻的椎板、关节突、硬脊膜均可出现增生肥厚及骨化,从不全骨化到完全骨化,最终累及硬脊膜,形成硬脊膜骨化,巨大的骨性组织对胸脊髓产生压迫,出现相应的临床症状和体征[8].     

胸椎黄韧带骨化发病机制的研究进展

胸椎黄韧带骨化（ossification of ligamentum flavum,OLF）最早由LeDoubl于1912年提出,1920年Polgar首次报告了OLF侧位X线表现.胸椎黄韧带是胸椎后方主要的稳定结构,正常情况下对胸脊髓起保护作用,发生骨化时可单独或合并其他病变压迫脊髓,导致胸椎管狭窄、脊髓功能障碍.而胸椎OLF的发病机制尚处于研究阶段,本文就胸椎OLF的发病机制予以综述.     

胸椎黄韧带骨化易感基因及蛋白质组学研究进展

正黄韧带骨化(ossification of the ligamentum flavum,OLF)系脊柱韧带病理性异位骨化性疾病之一,全脊柱颈椎、胸椎和腰椎黄韧带附着部位均可发生,其中以胸椎尤其是下胸段最为常见~([1])。脊柱OLF及后纵韧带骨化(ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament,OPLL)是导致脊柱椎管狭窄、脊髓受压的常见原因,严重危害患者运动神经功能~([2])。脊柱韧带的解剖特征、局部生物应力刺激、微循环炎症免疫反应、内分泌与遗传等因素均与脊柱黄韧带骨化的     

全椎板截骨再植椎管扩大成形术治疗胸椎黄韧带骨化症

目的总结胸椎黄韧带骨化症导致胸椎椎管狭窄的影像学特点，探讨改良椎管减压术的临床疗效。方法胸椎黄韧带骨化症31例，男18例，女13例；年龄26—73岁，平均45．7岁。术前均行MR、CT检查以明确诊断。合并颈椎管狭窄3例、腰椎管狭窄5例，颈胸腰椎管狭窄同时存在者2例；合并胸椎后纵韧带骨化和椎间盘突出症9例。单节段3例，双节段12例，三节段11例，四节段以上5例。局限型6例，连续型17例，跳跃型8例。共94个病变节段，其中上胸段(T1～T4)23个节段、中胸段(T5～T8)19个节段、下胸段(T9-T12)52个节段。手术采用全椎板截骨原位再植椎管扩大成形术。对9例合并胸椎后纵韧带骨化和椎间盘突出者，在后方减压的同时，行切除椎管前方突出椎间盘的环脊髓减压及后路钉棒系统内固定。术后疗效评价参照Epstein标准。结果24例患者随访6—63个月，平均15个月。术后疗效优14例、良7例、可3例，优良率87．5％。1例因术后停用脱水药物过早引起下肢瘫痪症状加重；2例出现下肢静脉血栓；2例硬脊膜撕裂。结论MR结合CT检查是诊断胸椎黄韧带骨化症最有效的手段，全椎板截骨再植椎管扩大成形术安全可靠，疗效满意。     

胸椎黄韧带骨化所致椎管狭窄症的诊断及手术治疗

报告胸椎黄韧带骨化所致椎管狭窄症并手术２１例。临床表现多为椎管狭窄引起的胸髓压迫症，其影像学检查具特征性表现，故可对黄韧带骨化进行早期诊断。椎板切除减压术范围应充分，包括切除部分小关节以及骨化灶上下各一椎节的椎板。随访１８例，平均随访时间２３个月，优良率６６．７％，有效率７７．８％。     

胸椎管狭窄症的临床研究进展

正胸椎管狭窄症(TSS)是由于先天性、退变性或内分泌及全身系统性疾病等因素导致胸椎管横断面减小而产生的胸髓压迫综合征。TSS发病率比颈椎管狭窄及腰椎管狭窄低[1],但胸椎管与脊髓的缓冲空间极小、手术风险大并发症较多[2]。现就TSS的病因、诊断、手术方法的研究进展综述如下。1 TSS的病因随着现代医学影像技术的提高,检查出导致TSS的常见病因有胸椎黄韧带骨化(OLF)、胸椎间盘突出(TDH)、后纵韧带     

黄韧带骨化与胸椎椎管狭窄症

胸椎椎管狭窄症(thoracic stenosis)系由于发育、退变和/或韧带骨化等因素造成胸椎椎管局部或多节段管腔狭小,压迫相应节段脊髓,并导致脊髓功能障碍。在临床上,胸椎椎管狭窄症并不少见。1黄韧带骨化与胸椎椎管狭窄症基本概念胸椎发育性椎管狭窄发病早期,临床特征性表现较少又不     

胸椎椎管狭窄症临床诊疗研究进展

胸椎椎管狭窄症是由胸椎黄韧带骨化、后纵韧带骨化或椎间盘突出等一种或多种病理因素压迫胸脊髓而继发的一组临床症候群,其中胸椎黄韧带骨化是最常见的病理因素,占全部胸椎狭窄症病例的80%以上。近年来,在胸椎黄韧带骨化的发病机制方面的研究日趋深入。     

多节段胸椎黄韧带骨化症2例报告

胸椎黄韧带骨化症较少见，常造成胸椎管狭窄，压迫脊髓，手术治疗难度较大。我院收治2例，报告如下。例1，男，35岁。因双下肢感觉运动障碍进行性加重6个月入院。曾于外院行胸椎板切除减压术，术后双下肢感觉运动障碍加重，大小便正常。X线片示：T4～T10。棘突间隙有致密影突入椎管。CT片示：T4～T10。黄韧带骨化，椎板增厚，小关节突增生，谁管严重狭窄。MRI示T4～T10。椎管后方低信号影，呈锯齿样突向前面，严重压迫脊髓，脊髓信号无改变。体检：T7平面以下皮肤感觉减退，双下肢肌萎缩，双下肢震颤，膝、跟位反射亢进，踝阵挛阳性，…     

胸椎黄韧带骨化症临床特点及定位诊断进展

 胸椎管狭窄症多是由于退变性韧带肥厚甚至骨化、椎间盘突出、椎体后缘骨赘、小关节增生等一种或多种病理因素压迫胸脊髓而引起的一组临床症候群,其中胸椎黄韧带骨化(thoracic ossification of ligamentum flavum,TOLF)是导致胸椎管狭窄症最常见的原因[1-3],在需要手术治疗的由胸椎退行性变引起的胸脊髓病中TOLF可占到51%[4]。     

深圳市某两所小学流行性腮腺炎突发疫情的流行病学分析

目的：通过对深圳市某两所小学发生的流行性腮腺炎突发疫情的流行病学特点及差异性进行分析,为制定科学、高效的防控策略提供科学依据。方法2013年5～7月深圳市大鹏新区某两所小学爆发流行性腮腺炎,以学校为整体研究对象,分别标记为学校A（24个班,学生1210例）和学校B（27个班,学生1274例）,对比两所小学的疫情流行病学差异性。结果分析发现,学校A流行性腮腺炎发病率为4.30%,发病班级所占比54.17%,均较学校B1.73%和29.63%高,对比差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;分析显示学校A学生出现疫病平均年龄为（11.2±1.1）岁,较学校B（9.34±1.0）岁,对比差异明显（P＜0.05）;且两组疫病患儿在接种疫苗率对比上差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;但疫情发生时,学校B疫苗紧急接种率明显高于学校A,对比差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论小学作为流行性腮腺炎爆发的主要场所之一,疫病爆发高峰季节前,针对易感染人群给予相应的疫苗接种等预防控制措施,同时加强流行性腮腺炎的监测,对于降低感染人群数量,减轻、遏制疫情有着积极的意义,值得相关防控部门重视。     

不同方法重建指尖离断静脉回流的疗效分析

目的：探讨不同方法重建指尖离断静脉回流的疗效。方法：2008年3月-2013年2月收治指尖离断患者80例,38例吻合指侧方静脉重建回流,术中吻合动静脉比例1：1或1：2或2：2,平均1：2;22例吻合指腹静脉重建回流,术中吻合动静脉比例1：1;20例未吻合静脉,术中仅吻合1条动脉,行侧切口或甲床放血。观察各组治疗效果。结果：吻合指侧方静脉组手指全部成活,无一例发生回流障碍;吻合指腹静脉组19例发生静脉危象,其中4例手指坏死;未吻合静脉组20例均发生回流障碍,其中6例手指坏死。58例获随访,随访时间6~28个月。吻合指侧方静脉组32例,指尖外形佳、指腹饱满;吻合指腹静脉组14例,指体轻度萎缩,指甲生长不平整;未吻合静脉组12例,指体萎缩明显。吻合指侧方静脉组指甲生长近平整,长度长于其他两组[（14.4±3.2）mm比（12.5±2.3）mm和（12.2±2.2）mm],远侧指间关节活动度大于其他两组[（63±5）°比（48±3）°和（45±7）°],两点分辨觉小于其他两组[（4.6±0.4）mm比（7.1±1.2）mm和（7.3±0.6）mm],感觉级别高于其他两组[S（3.45±0.39）级比S（2.57±0.42）级和S（2.55±0.49）级],差异均具有显著性（P〈0.05）。吻合指腹静脉组和未吻合静脉组在指甲长度、运动和感觉方面差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论：吻合指侧方静脉能有效解决指尖再植静脉回流问题,可避免回流障碍,成活率高,促进指甲生长,可恢复 DIPJ 活动度及感觉。     

Frequency of complications of manipulation of the spine

Summary A survey of all members of the Swiss Medical Association of Manual Medicine was undertaken for the year 1989. Informative data were given by 425 respondents on the frequency of complications of manipulation as related to the spine. The number of thoraco-lumbar manipulations during 1989 (225 working days) was 805 for each respondent, and the number manipulations of the cervical spine 354. Thus, the total number of thoraco-lumbar manipulations was 342 125, and the total number of cervical manipulations was 150 450. The overall incidence of side-effects of transient complications due to cervical spine manipulation such as disturbance of consciousness or radicular signs was 1: 16716. Seventeen patients (ratio 1: 20 125) after manipulation of the lumbar spine presented, in addition to increased pain, a transient sensorimotor deficit with precise radicular distribution. Nine of the 17 patients (ratio 1: 38013) developed a progressive radicular syndrome with sensorimotor defict and radiologically verified disc herniation and had to be referred for surgery. Side effects and complications of cervical and lumbar spine manipulation are rare. Taking in to account the yearly number of manipulations performed by a single physician in Switzerland and the rate of complications, it can be calculated that a physician practicing manual medicine will encoutner one complication due to manipulation of the cervical spine in 47 years and one complication due to lumbar spine manipulation in 38 years of practice. However, it is important that a careful clinical assessment is carried out to avoid complications due to manipulation carried out on the basis of inappropriate indications. Furthermore, the decision as to which technique is indicated for any particular functional disorder of the spine should be made on the basis of rational criteria resting on a knowledge of clinical biomechanics, functional anatomy and neurophysiology. The authors recommend a prospective morbidity study to be carried out among physicians, chiropractors, osteopaths and physiotherapists, taking into account the different indications and therapeutic techniques in relation to complications.     

Pathogenesis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater

Most adenomas and carcinomas of the small intestine and extrahepatic bile ducts arise in the region of the papilla of Vater. In familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) it is the main location for carcinomas after proctocolectomy. In many cases symptoms due to stenosis lead to diagnosis at an early tumor stage. In about 80%, curative intended resection is possible. Operability is the most relevant prognostic factor. Most ampullary carcinomas resp. carcinomas of the papilla of Vater develop from adenomatous or flat dysplastic precursor lesions. They can be sited in the ampulloduodenal part of the papilla of Vater, which is lined by intestinal mucosa. They also can develop in deeper parts of the ampulla, which are lined by pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and pancreaticobiliary-type adenocarcinoma represent the main histological types of ampullary carcinoma. Furthermore, there exist unusual types and undifferentiated carcinomas. Many carcinomas of intestinal type express the immunohistochemical marker profile of intestinal mucosa (keratin 7–, keratin 20+, MUC2+). Carcinomas of pancreaticobiliary type usually show the immunohistochemical profile of pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa (keratin 7+, keratin 20–, MUC2–). Even poorly differentiated carcinomas, as well as unusual histological types, may conserve the marker profile of the mucosa they developed from. These findings underline the concept of histogenetically different carcinomas of the papilla of Vater which develop either from intestinal- or from pancreaticobiliary-type mucosa of the papilla of Vater. Molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas are similar to those of colorectal as well as pancreatic carcinomas, although they appear at different frequencies. In future studies, molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas should be correlated closely with the different histologic tumor types. Consequently, the histologic classification should reflect the histogenesis of ampullary tumors from the two different types of papillary mucosa.     

静脉皮瓣成活过程的实验研究

我们以兔为实验动物，通过微循环观察及血管内灌注填充剂，研究静脉皮瓣的成活过程。这一过程可分为２个阶段。第一阶段（术后７２小时内）为静脉血营养期：静脉血由静脉干通过小静脉吻合支、微静脉干间吻合支及终末微静脉吻合支回流至另一静脉。术后４８小时内毛细血管内无血液运动。第二阶段（术后７２小时～６周）为动脉血营养及血管改造期：术后７２小时新生血管开始向皮瓣内生长。术后７２无皮瓣动脉同主要来自皮瓣周围正常组织内的新生血管吻合使动脉血分布于整个皮瓣，这是静脉皮瓣成活的关键     

Oddi括约肌肌电活动实验模型的建立

目的建立研究Oddi括约肌肌电活动的动物模型和实验方法。方法将双极金属钩状电极通过浆膜层置入Oddi括约肌，记录不同条件干预下家兔的Oddi括约肌肌电活动信号，调整电生理实验参数并经放大、滤波及计算机处理后，对其大小、波形、幅度进行分析。结果不同条件干预下的家兔Oddi括约肌的肌电活动在波形、频率、幅度等方面均有明显的不同，具有明显的规律性。重复实验可得到相似的结果。结论使用双极金属钩状电极配以合理的电生理实验参数调整可以稳定地采集到在体的家兔Oddi括约肌肌电活动信号。这为今后广泛、深入地研究Oddi括约肌肌电活动搭建了一个技术平台。     

骨盆骨折的治疗进展

对于骨盆骨折的治疗 ,传统方法以卧硬板床 ,股骨髁上持续骨牵引 ,骨盆兜等保守治疗为主 ,常常引起下肢不等长 ,骶髋痛 ,步态失常等而严重影响生活质量 ,同时长期卧床易引发肺部感染、褥疮、应激性溃疡、泌尿系统结石等并发症而危及生命。下面就骨盆骨折的治疗进展作一综述。1     

Management of sequelae of septic arthritis of hip

A nine years old boy, who had suffered septic arthritis at the age of two years and presented now with a limp, hip instability, leg length discrepancy. The patient was treated by adductor tenotomy and upper tibial pin traction. When head remnant reached the level of the acetabulum, open reduction and Pemberton osteotomy was done to achieve cover of the femoral head. The purpose of this report is to highlight the six years followup of reconstruction of sequale of septic arthritis of hip joint.     

Catamnestic study of childless patients of the Department of Andrology of Hamburg-Eppendorf University Hosptal

By means of a questionnaire, we carried out a catamnestic study of 1419 patients with a complaint of infertility. 27 per cent of the replying patients reported about the birth of children. 343 patients (38%) reported about one or more conceptions. Compared with previous studies, this investigation shows better results of therapies. We interprete this to be caused in better possibilities of therapy, esp. the Kallikrein therapy.     

主动脉窦瘤破裂外科治疗的临床研究

目的　探讨主动脉窦瘤破裂局部病理改变及其合并主动脉瓣关闭不全的手术方法。方法　 3 6例主动脉窦瘤破裂 (RASV)合并主动脉瓣关闭不全 (AI) 15例、室间隔缺损 (VSD) 2 6例。补片修补 3 5例 ,其中合并VSD的均以一片法修补 ,合并AI的主动脉瓣置换 (AVR) 6例 ,主动脉瓣成形 4例。手术取材作病理检查 5例。结果　本组 3 6例中手术死亡 2例 ( 5 .6% )。存活的 3 4例病人均经门诊复查或通信随访 0 .3～ 18年 ,其中 2例死亡。病理检查见RASV合并VSD的瘤壁为纤维素样坏死或玻璃样变性。结论　主动脉窦壁纤维素样或玻璃样变性可能是其形成的病理基础。合并主动脉瓣关闭不全时应探查其病变程度 ,酌情一期矫正 ,瓣膜损伤明显时宜行主动脉瓣置换 ,对主动脉瓣环细小的病例 ,可借修补VSD和RASV的补片扩大主动脉瓣环。