胸段硬膜外镇痛对开胸手术病人血糖、胰岛素和皮质醇水平的影响

目的　观察胸段硬膜外镇痛 (TEA)对开胸手术病人血糖、胰岛素和皮质醇水平的影响。方法　 2 0例在地氟醚麻醉下行开胸手术病人 ,随机分为TEA组和对照组。于麻醉前、术中 90分钟、术毕 6 0分钟和术后第 1、2、3天测定血糖、胰岛素及皮质醇浓度 ,计算胰岛素敏感性指数。结果　两组病人血糖均自术中 90分钟时明显升高 ,术毕 6 0分钟达峰值 ,术后第 1、2天仍居高不下 (P<0 0 5或P <0 0 1)。TEA组术中及术后胰岛素水平无明显改变 ;对照组术后第 1、2天胰岛素水平升高明显 (P <0 0 5或P <0 0 1)。TEA组病人皮质醇仅术毕 6 0分钟时明显升高 (P <0 0 5 ) ,而对照组于手术中 90分钟明显升高 ,并持续到术后第 1、2天 (P <0 0 5 )。两组胰岛素敏感性指数均明显下降 (P <0 0 5 ) ,于术后第 3天TEA组恢复接近麻醉前水平 (P >0 0 5 ) ;而对照组至术后第 3天仍低于麻醉前值 (P <0 0 5 )。结论　TEA可缓解开胸手术应激反应 ,减轻术后糖代谢紊乱。     

芬太尼静脉镇痛对血浆胃动素的影响

目的　研究芬太尼静脉镇痛对血浆胃动素水平的影响。方法　接受矫形外科手术的ASAI～II级患者 5 0例 ,随机分为哌替啶镇痛组 (P组即对照组 ,n =2 0 )和芬太尼静脉镇痛组(F组 ,n =30 )。镇痛方式 :F组采用病人自控静脉镇痛 (PCIA) ,配方 :芬太尼 1 2mg、氟哌利多 5mg,加生理盐水至 10 0ml。背景流量 2ml/h ,自控剂量 0 5ml,锁定时间 15min。P组采用肌注哌替啶镇痛。分别于手术当天、术后第 1、2和 3天晨抽取空腹静脉血 2ml,放免法测定胃动素含量。观察指标 :镇痛评分、恶心呕吐评分和镇痛药用量。结果　F组镇痛效果显著优于P组 (P <0 0 1)。术后第 1天两组血浆胃动素水平均显著下降 (P <0 0 1) ,但两组间比较无显著差异 (P >0 0 5 )。F组第 2天胃动素水平显著上升 (与基础值相比 ,P <0 0 1;与P组相比 ,P <0 0 1) ,第 3天逐渐下降。有 11例患者发生恶心呕吐。P组第 2、3天胃动素水平逐渐上升 ,接近术前水平 ,3例患者出现恶心呕吐。结论　芬太尼静脉镇痛升高血浆胃动素水平 ,可能是芬太尼静脉镇痛增加术后恶心呕吐的机制     

自控硬膜外布比卡因复合吗啡镇痛改善肿瘤病人术后免疫功能

目的　探讨病人自控硬膜外低浓度布比卡因复合小剂量吗啡镇痛对肿瘤病人术后免疫功能的影响。方法　ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级、40例择期胃癌或肠癌根治术病人 ,采用静吸复合气管内插管全麻。术后病人随机等分两组 :P组术后采用相应间隙硬膜外留管进行自控镇痛术 (PCEA) ;M组术后应用肌注吗啡镇痛。术后评定镇痛效果 ,围术期测定细胞和体液免疫功能。结果　P组病人术后镇痛效果明显优于M组 (P <0 0 1) ,且吗啡用药量少于M组 (P <0 0 1) ;P组术后镇痛调查满意率为 96 % ,明显高于M组 (43% ) (P <0 0 1) ;细胞和体液免疫功能术后均下降 ,P组T细胞亚群术后 3天CD3、CD4 、CD4 /CD8明显比M组高 (P <0 0 5 ) ,C3、C4 、CH50 和血IgA、IgM术后第 3天也明显高于M组 (P <0 0 5 )。结论　胃癌或肠癌根治手术后细胞和体液免疫功能损害持续 3天以上 ,术后自控硬膜外低浓度布比卡因复合小剂量吗啡可提供良好的镇痛 ,且能明显减轻术后细胞免疫和体液免疫功能的抑制 ,有利于肿瘤病人术后康复     

冠心病病人术后硬膜外镇痛心电图和内分泌的变化

目的　观察冠心病病人上腹部手术后硬膜外镇痛 (EA)对皮质醇、胰岛素及心电图的影响。方法　比较术后 2 4小时EA与肌注镇痛 (MI)的镇痛效果 ,观察心电图及血清皮质醇、胰岛素和血糖的变化。结果　 (1)EA镇痛效果优于MI组 (VAS :1 5 6± 0 5 3和 4 2 2± 1 74) (P <0 0 1)。 (2 )术后血清皮质醇、胰岛素和血糖浓度EA病人明显低于MI病人 (P <0 0 5 )。 (3)EA组术后ST段压低导联数和压低值总和趋于减少 ;MI术后 10小时和 2 4小时ST段压低导联数和压低值总和明显高于术前水平 (P <0 0 5 ) ,并高于EA组 (P <0 0 5 )。结论　冠心病病人上腹部手术后硬膜外镇痛明显减轻术后皮质醇过度分泌并减少心肌缺血的发生     

谷氨酰胺强化的肠内营养对化疗大鼠肠屏障的影响

目的　评价谷氨酰胺强化的肠内营养对氟尿嘧啶 (5 Fu)化疗大鼠肠屏障的影响。方法　 30只胃造瘘术后的Wistar大鼠随机分为饲料组 (A组 )、肠内营养组 (B组 )和谷氨酰胺强化的肠内营养组 (C组 ) ,每组10只。术后第 4天用 5 Fu化疗 ,比较它们的体重变化、小肠和结肠结构、血浆谷氨酰胺水平、肠通透性 (L/M )及细菌移位率 (BTR)等指标。结果　B组体重丢失 (- 6 6± 5 2 )g (P <0 0 1) ,C组体重无明显变化 ;C组小肠结构优于B组 (P <0 0 1)与A组相似 (P >0 0 5 ) ,但C组结肠结构不及A组 (P <0 0 1)而与B组相似 (P >0 0 5 )。化疗后与A组比 ,C组L/M无明显变化 (P >0 0 5 ) ,而B组上升 (P <0 0 1) ;C组细菌移位率 (30 % )低于B组 (70 % ) (P <0 0 5 ) ,与A组 (2 0 % )无显著差异 (P >0 0 5 )。结论　谷氨酰胺强化的肠内营养能保护 5 Fu化疗大鼠的肠屏障。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除围手术期创伤应激、酸碱平衡和能量代谢

目的　研究腹腔镜胆囊切除术 (LC)围手术期创伤应激激素水平、C反应蛋白和机体能量代谢与开腹胆囊切除术 (OC)的差异。　方法　慢性结石性胆囊炎患者 2 6例 (LC组 14例 ,OC组 12例 ) ,于术前 1d、术后 1d和 3d晨分别检测血C 反应蛋白 (CRP)、生长激素、皮质醇和胰岛素。同时测定静息能量消耗 (REE)和呼吸商 (RQ)。　结果　胰岛素在OC患者术后第 3天与术前比较有明显下降。生长激素、C 反应蛋白和皮质醇上升在OC术后明显高于LC(P <0 0 5 )。 2组患者静息能量消耗(REE)术后较术前显著增加 ,而术后OC患者REE明显高于LC患者 (P <0 0 5 )。 2组患者呼吸商(RQ)术后比较术前均有显著下降。LC组动脉血氧分压与氧饱和度术后 1d明显下降 ,第 3天恢复。LC组术后 3dBE明显高于OC组。　结论　腹腔镜手术创伤小 ,应激水平低 ,对患者代谢影响小 ,有益于机体应激激素、氮平衡和能量代谢的恢复。气腹可以引起体内酸血症和肺血灌流不足。     

乳果糖对急性胆道梗阻并内毒素血症患者肾功能的保护作用

目的　探讨乳果糖对急性胆道梗阻患者肾功能的保护作用及其机制。方法　 5 5例急性胆道结石梗阻患者随机分为乳果糖组 (L组 ,n =2 8)和对照组 (C组 ,n =2 7) ,分别于术前 3d连续口服 5 0 %乳果糖 (L组 )或 10 %葡萄糖 (C组 ) ,定期测定外周静脉血及术中门静脉血内毒素 (ET )浓度 ,血尿素氮 (BUN )及内生肌酐清除率 (Ccr)。结果　 (1)L组在第 4天 (手术当天 ) ,第 9天 (手术后第 5天 )时外周血ET水平及BUN浓度均显著低于C组 (P <0 .0 1,P <0 .0 5 ) ;Ccr显著高于C组(P <0 .0 1)。与第 1天 (服药前 )相比 ,外周血ET水平在第 4天 ,第 9天均显著降低 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,Ccr在第 4天 ,第 9天均显著升高 (P <0 .0 1,P <0 .0 5 ) ,BUN在第 4天显著下降 (P <0 .0 1)。和第 4天相比 ,外周血ET在第 9天显著下降 (P <0 .0 5 )。 (2 )在C组 ,和第 1天相比 ,外周血ET在第4天显著升高 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,Ccr在第 4天及第 9天显著下降 (P <0 .0 5 ,P <0 .0 1) ,BUN则无明显改变 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;和第 4天相比 ,外周血ET及Ccr在第 9天均显著下降 (P <0 .0 1)。 (3 )L组门静脉血ET水平显著低于C组 (P <0 .0 1) ,第 4天两组门静脉血ET水平均显著高于外周血ET水平　 (P <0 .0 1)。 (4 )L组第 4天肾滤过及肾小管功能受损发生率明显低于     

腹部创伤患者术后肠内与肠外营养支持对肠道通透性及全身炎性反应的影响

目的测定腹部创伤患者术后甘露醇 (mannitol,M)和乳果糖 (lactulose ,L)吸收的浓度变化 ,观察肠内营养 (EN)、胃肠外营养 (PN)对肠道通透性及全身炎性反应影响。方法 30例患者随机分为PN和EN组 ,每组 15例 ,计算手术第 1、3、5、7天L M和APACHEⅡ评分。结果PN组L M第5天最高 (0 0 6 1± 0 0 0 2 ) ,与手术第 1天比较 ,差异有显著意义 (P <0 0 5 ) ,APACHEⅡ评分在第 3天最高 ,为 (17 6± 1 8)分 ,较手术第 1天差异有显著意义 (t=2 316 ,P <0 0 5 ) ,L M与APACHEⅡ评分正相关 (r=0 745 ,t=2 2 35 ,P <0 0 5 )。EN组L M第 3天 (0 0 47± 0 0 0 4) ,较手术第 1天差异有显著意义(t=2 35 2 ,P <0 0 5 ) ,APACHEⅡ评分第 3天最高 ,为 (15 9± 2 3)分 ,较术后第 1天差异有显著意义(t=2 35 2 ,P <0 0 5 ) ,L M比值与APACHEⅡ评分正相关 (r =0 730 ,t=2 375 ,P <0 0 5 )。结论与PN相比 ,EN能改善肠道粘膜通透性 ,降低创伤后全身炎性反应     

乌司他丁对腹腔镜胆囊切除术病人肝功能的保护作用

目的　探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术 (laparoscopiccholecystectomy ,LC)病人术后肝功能的变化情况 ,同时评价应用乌司他丁的治疗效果。方法　随机将 4 0例ASA分级Ⅰ～Ⅱ级择期在气管内全麻下行LC的病人均分为两组 :A组为乌司他丁治疗组 ,在术前 1d、术中及术后第 1～ 3天给予 2 0万U乌司他丁静脉滴注 ;B组为对照组 ,给予等量生理盐水静脉滴注。比较两组病人术后肝功能和应激水平的变化。结果　两组病人术后第 1、3天谷丙转氨酶 (ALT)、谷草转氨酶 (AST)较术前均明显升高 (P <0 0 5 ) ,A组升高程度明显低于B组 (P <0 0 1) ;术后第 7天两组病人ALT、AST均恢复至术前水平 (P >0 0 5 )。术毕、术后第 1天B组病人C反应蛋白 (CRP)、皮质醇 (Cor)较术前显著升高 (P <0 0 1) ,术后第 3天恢复至术前水平 ;A组病人术后CRP、Cor无明显变化。结论　乌司他丁对LC术后肝功能具有保护作用 ,同时还可缓解其应激反应。     

小剂量吗啡和曲马多关节内注射用于膝关节镜术后镇痛的临床比较

目的　观察小剂量吗啡、曲马多关节内注射用于膝关节镜手术后的镇痛效果。方法　腰麻下行膝关节镜手术的病人 6 0例 ,双盲随机分为关节内注射吗啡组 (M组 ,n =2 0 )、曲马多组 (T组 ,n =2 0 )和生理盐水对照组 (C组 ,n =2 0 )。M组在术后关节内注射小剂量吗啡 (1mg) ,T组则在术后关节内注射小剂量曲马多 (10mg) ,C组则关节内注射等体积的生理盐水。给药后 8和 2 4小时 ,在病人双足站立膝关节伸展状态下进行视觉模拟评分。结果　M组评分平均为 1 7± 1 0和 1 5±1 1,T组评分为 2 0± 1 1和 1 7± 1 2 ,C组为 3 6± 1 5和 2 4± 1 3,M组与T组评分显著低于C组 (P <0 0 5 )。M组与T组评分有显著差异 (P <0 0 5 )。结论　小剂量的吗啡和曲马多关节内注射可以有效缓解膝关节镜手术的术后疼痛 ,尤以吗啡为佳     

地塞米松联合恩丹西酮对手术后病人自控镇痛相关恶心呕吐的影响

目的　观察地塞米松联合恩丹西酮对手术后病人自控镇痛 (PCA)所致恶心呕吐的防治效果。方法　随机将 2 0 0例在连续硬膜外麻醉下行下肢手术的患者分为四组 :对照 (C)组于手术切皮前 (T1)和手术结束时 (T2 )分别静脉注射生理盐水 2ml;地塞米松 (D)组于T1、T2 时分别注射地塞米松 10mg和生理盐水 2ml;恩丹西酮 (O)组于T1、T2 时分别注射生理盐水 2ml和恩丹西酮4mg ;地塞米松 +恩丹西酮 (D +O)组于T1、T2 时分别注射地塞米松 10mg和恩丹西酮 4mg。术毕均行病人自控静脉芬太尼镇痛 (PCIFA)。观察术后 2 4h内病人镇痛效果、镇静评分和恶心呕吐发生情况。结果　 5例患者因故退出此观察。组间镇痛效果、镇静评分无明显差异。C组恶心呕吐发生率为 5 2 1% ,明显高于D组 (33 3% )和O组 (32 7% ) ,P <0 0 5 ;D +O组恶心呕吐发生率为16 0 % ,与C组比较 ,P <0 0 1,与D组和O组比较 ,P <0 0 5 ;各处理组恶心程度均小于对照组 ,P <0 0 5 ;D +O组呕吐程度低于C组 ,P <0 0 5。结论　地塞米松与恩丹西酮单独应用均能有效地减少手术后PCIFA相关的恶心呕吐 ,减轻恶心程度 ;两药联合应用进一步降低患者的恶心呕吐发生率和呕吐的程度     

不同术后镇痛模式对红细胞免疫功能的影响

目的探讨不同术后镇痛模式对红细胞免疫功能的影响。方法50例妇科手术患者,按术后不同镇痛模式分为硬膜外自控镇痛(PCEA)组和静脉自控镇痛(PCIA)组。并分别于术前、术后1、3、7 d采静脉血样检测红细胞C3b受体花环率(RCR)、红细胞免疫复合物花环率(RICR)、红细胞免疫粘附促进因子(RFER)和红细胞免疫粘附抑制因子(RFIR)。结果与术前比,PCEA组术后1 d RCR、RFER显著上升(P<0.05),RFIR显著下降(P<0.05),术后3 d RCR、RFER仍显著上升(P<0.05),而RICR显著下降(P<0.05);PCIA组术后1 d RCR、RFER显著下降(P<0.05),RFIR、RICR显著上升(P<0.05);PCIA组术后1、3 d RCR、RFER比PCEA组显著降低(P<0.05),而RICR显著上升(P<0.05);两组各参数在术后7 d基本恢复至术前水平。结论PCEA对红细胞免疫功能的稳定和恢复作用明显强于PCIA。     

罗比卡因用于剖宫产术后硬膜外镇痛对血浆泌乳素的影响

目的　探讨剖宫产术后病人硬膜外连续注射 0 2 %罗比卡因对泌乳素的影响。方法　6 0例健康足月产妇 ,择期在联合椎管内麻醉下施行剖宫产术。术毕随机等分为镇痛组和对照组 :镇痛组行硬膜外镇痛 ,注入 0 2 %罗比卡因 (5ml/h)持续 4 8h镇痛 ;对照组术毕拔出硬膜外导管。采用放射免疫法测定血浆泌乳素 (PRL) ,视觉模拟评分 (VAS)估计镇痛效果。结果　镇痛组VAS明显低于对照组 (P <0 0 1) ,两组术后PRL均较术前明显升高 (P <0 0 1) ,镇痛组PRL高于对照组 ,2 4h具有显著性差异 (P <0 0 5 ) ,4 8h具有非常显著性差异 (P <0 0 1) ;镇痛组初乳时间较对照组提前 (P<0 0 5 ) ,婴儿体重增加明显高于对照组 (P <0 0 5 ) ,镇痛组肠蠕动恢复时间明显快于对照组 (P <0 0 5 )术后生命体征平稳 ,无恶心呕吐、头痛、肢体麻木发生。结论　剖宫产术后罗比卡因硬膜外镇痛效果确切安全 ,能促进PRL分泌 ,初乳时间提早 ,增加婴儿体重。     

患者自控硬膜外布比卡因和吗啡镇痛对术后肠功能恢复的影响

目的　观察不同的术后镇痛方法对术后肠功能恢复的影响。方法　根据术后镇痛方式的不同将10 0例胃肠手术患者随机平均分为 4组 :传统哌替啶肌注组 (IM组 )作为对照组 ;另外 3组采用自控硬膜外镇痛法 ,B组用药为布比卡因 ;M组为吗啡 ;BM组为布比卡因复合吗啡。记录各组患者的术后镇痛效果、肠鸣音恢复情况、肛门排气时间、恶心、呕吐等。结果　M和BM组镇痛效果明显优于IM或B组 (P <0 0 1) ;B组布比卡因用量显著多于BM组 (P <0 0 1) ,术后肠鸣音恢复、肛门排气明显早于其他 3组 (P <0 0 1) ;与传统肌注哌替啶镇痛IM组比较 ,M和BM组患者术后肠鸣音恢复、排气时间基本相同 (P >0 0 5 )。结论　患者自控硬膜外吗啡或混合低浓度布比卡因用于胃肠手术后镇痛效果良好 ;与传统的肌注镇痛比较 ,对术后肠功能恢复无明显影响 ;自控硬膜外单纯低浓度布比卡因镇痛有促进术后肠功能恢复的效应 ,但术后镇痛效果较差。     

The influence of timing of systemic ketamine administration on postoperative morphine consumption

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To determine the influence of timing of systemic ketamine administration on postoperative morphine consumption. DESIGN: Prospective randomized study. SETTING: Operating rooms, postanesthesia care unit, and gynecology service of a university hospital. PATIENTS: Forty-five patients undergoing laparotomy for benign gynecologic pathologies were randomized into 3 groups. INTERVENTIONS: In Group 1, before surgical incision, patients received 0.5 mg/kg ketamine IV, followed by normal saline infusion and normal saline IV at wound closure in group 1 (n = 15). In group 2 (n = 15), patients received 0.5 mg/kg ketamine IV before surgery, followed by ketamine infusion 600 mug . kg(-1) . h(-1), until wound closure and normal saline IV at that time. In the other group (group 3, n = 15), patients received normal saline IV before surgery, followed by saline infusion and then 0.5 mg/kg ketamine IV at wound closure. In the postoperative period, patient-controlled analgesia IV morphine was used for postoperative pain relief. First requested analgesic medication time was recorded. Postoperative pain was assessed by measuring morphine consumption at 0 to 2, 0 to 4, and 0 to 24 hours and visual analog scale (VAS) pain scores in response to cough at 2nd, 4th, and 24th hours and during rest at 0 to 2, 0 to 4, and 0 to 24 hours after surgery. MEASUREMENT AND MAIN RESULTS: First requested analgesia was shorter in group 1 than the others (P < .01). Mean VAS pain scores in response to cough at 24th hour in groups 2 and 3 were significantly lower than in group 1 (P < .001 and P < .01, respectively). Mean VAS pain scores during rest at 0 to 24 hours in groups 2 and 3 were significantly lower than in group 1 (P < .01 and P < .05, respectively). Morphine consumption was lower in groups 2 and 3 at 0 to 2 hours (P < .001 and P < .01). Moreover, morphine consumption at 0 to 4 hours in group 2 was significantly lower (P < .01). CONCLUSIONS: Lower pain scores and morphine consumption in groups 2 and 3 may be related to higher plasma ketamine concentrations caused by the higher doses and later administration. Our findings suggest that a single preoperative dose of ketamine provided less analgesia compared with other dosing regimens that included intraoperative infusions or postoperative administration.     

两种镇痛方式对胃癌术后患者免疫功能的影响

目的 比较持续硬膜外与持续静脉镇痛对胃癌患者术后镇痛效果及免疫功能的影响。方法 20例择期行胃癌手术的患者，随机分为硬膜外镇痛组(E组)及静脉镇痛组(Ⅰ组)，每组10例，分别于麻醉诱导后、术毕1h、术后第1、3日晨抽血测定白细胞介素6(IL—6)、T细胞亚群CD4^ 和CD8^ ，计算CD4^ ／CD8^ 比值，并观察两组术后镇痛及镇静情况。结果 两种镇痛方法镇痛效果无明显差异，Ⅰ组的镇静程度较E组深，两组术后IL-6均上升，T细胞亚群、CD4^ ／CD8^ 均明显下降，但E组恢复较Ⅰ组早。结论 两种镇痛方式均能获得良好的镇痛效果，与静脉镇痛相比，硬膜外镇痛在一定程度上减轻了免疫抑制，利于患者免疫功能的早期恢复。     

A randomized controlled trial of the anticatabolic effect of epidural analgesia and hypocaloric glucose

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The goal of the present study was to investigate whether epidural analgesia exerts a protein-sparing effect after colorectal surgery in the presence of hypocaloric glucose supply initiated with surgical skin incision. METHODS: We randomly allocated 10 patients to receive general anesthesia combined with epidural anesthesia with bupivacaine, followed by epidural analgesia using bupivacaine/fentanyl, and 10 patients to receive general anesthesia, followed by patient-controlled analgesia with intravenous morphine. All patients received a 48-hour infusion of glucose 10% from surgical skin incision until the second day after surgery. The glucose infusion rate provided 50% of the patient's resting energy expenditure. Kinetics of protein and glucose metabolism were assessed by a stable-isotope tracer technique (L-[1-(13)C]leucine and [6,6-(2)H(2)]glucose). RESULTS: The rate of appearance of leucine increased in the intravenous-analgesia group (112 +/- 29 to 130 +/- 25 micromol/kg/h) 2 days after surgery, and this increase was more pronounced than in the epidural analgesia group (preoperative 120 +/- 24, postoperative 123 +/- 22 micromol/kg/h, P < .05). Leucine oxidation rate increased in the intravenous analgesia group from 17 +/- 8 to 23 +/- 8 micromol/kg/h and in the epidural group from 17 +/- 6 to 19 +/- 7 micromol/kg/h without the difference between the groups reaching statistical significance (P = .067). Nonoxidative leucine disposal remained unaltered in both groups. No differences in glucose metabolism were seen between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: Epidural analgesia inhibits the increase in whole-body protein breakdown in patients receiving perioperative hypocaloric glucose infusion initiated with surgical skin incision. However, oxidative protein loss, protein synthesis, and glucose metabolism are not affected by epidural analgesia.     

高血压性脑出血术后病人静脉自控镇痛效果观察

目的探讨高血压性脑出血(HBH)术后病人静脉自控镇痛的效果.方法将60例HBH手术病人随机分为传统镇痛组(CAT组)和静脉自控镇痛组(PCA组),各30例.CAT组采用传统肌内注射镇痛剂镇痛,PCA组采用镇痛泵行静脉自控镇痛,观察并记录不同时间两组病人躁动发生情况,不同时间RR、HR、SBP、DBP、SpO2、V1值以及两组再出血发生率及VASS评分等情况.结果 HBH术后病人不同时间躁动发生率PCA组明显低于CAT组(P＜0.05);两组不同时间RR、SBP、DBP、Vt、SpO2比较,差异有显著性意义(均P＜0.05);两组镇痛用药情况、再出血发生率及满意度评分比较,差异有显著性意义(均P＜0.01).结论 HBH术后病人静脉自控镇痛安全,且能有效预防术后再出血的发生.     

Baclofen对慢性神经痛大鼠镇痛效果的影响

目的　研究GABAB 受体激动剂baclofen对慢性神经痛大鼠痛阈的影响以及对脊髓c fos表达的影响 ,探讨脊髓GABA能系统在神经痛调节中的可能机制。方法　结扎大鼠左侧L5脊神经根建立慢性神经痛模型。SD大鼠 2 4只随机等分成 (1)假手术 +baclofen组 :大鼠背部假手术而未行神经根结扎 ,术后 2 8至 34d每天腹腔注射baclofen 10mg/kg两次 ;(2 )假手术组 :背部假手术后2 8至 34d每天腹腔注射 0 9%NaCl 2ml两次 ;(3)L5结扎 +baclofen组 :实施L5神经根结扎 ,术后2 8至 34d每天腹腔注射baclofen 10mg/kg两次 ;(4)L5结扎组 :实施L5神经根结扎 ,术后 2 8至 34d每天腹腔注射 0 9%NaCl 2ml两次。术后 1、3、7、10、14、2 1、2 8、35d测大鼠双后肢光热刺激性痛阈。术后 35d处死大鼠取出腰段脊髓 ,冰冻切片 ,免疫组化法检测c fos免疫阳性细胞。结果　 (1)术后 7～ 2 8d ,左L5脊神经结扎大鼠较假手术大鼠痛阈明显降低 (P <0 0 1)。术后 35d ,使用与不使用baclofen大鼠的假手术大鼠左后肢痛阈无显著变化 (P >0 0 5 ) ,双侧脊髓深层 (Ⅲ Ⅹ层 )FLI细胞无显著差异 (P >0 0 5 ) ;(2 )术后 35d ,使用baclofen的L5结扎大鼠的左后肢痛觉显著低于未使用baclofen的L5结扎大鼠 (P <0 0 1) ,前者脊髓深层 (Ⅲ Ⅹ层 )FLI细胞显著     

Balanced analgesia improves recovery and outcome after outpatient tubal ligation

Outpatient surgery benefits patients only if postoperative sequelae are effectively treated. After laparoscopic tubal ligation (TL) intense pain and consequent postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) has been a problem delaying recovery and resulting in hospital admission.
Ninety patients were randomised to this double-blind study, the aim being to evaluate the effect of balanced analgesia on postoperative pain and recovery after sterilization. The balanced analgesia group received 5 ml of 2% lidocaine gel on the sterilization clips and perioperatively 200 mg of ketoprofen i.v. The lidocaine group received 5 ml of 2% lidocaine gel on the clips and placebo i.v. perioperatively. The placebo group received 5 ml of placebo gel on the clips and placebo i.v. perioperatively. Infusion of propofol and 67% nitrous oxide in oxygen were used for maintenance of anesthesia. Succinylcholine and vecuronium were used for muscle relaxation and 0.1 mg of fentanyl i.v. was given to dl patients at induction of anesthesia.
Postoperative pain and analgesic requirements, incidence of POW and need for antiemetic medication were all significantly lower in the balanced analgesia group. Home readiness was consistently achieved 70–90 min sooner in the balanced analgesia group compared to the other groups ( P < 0.01 between the balanced analgesia and the placebo group), and the patients were able to return to normal activity sooner (cumulatively 93% of the patients in the balanced analgesia group vs. 60% in the other two groups ( P < 0.01 between the balanced analgesia and the other groups) had returned to normal activity on the 2nd postoperative day).
It is concluded that in patients undergoing laparoscopic TL the combination of analgesic regimens with different mechanisms of action offer a simple and efficient way of postoperative pain relief, as well as an improvement of quality (i.e. less PONV) and speed of recovery.