胸廓成形对脊柱侧凸患者后路矫形术后肺功能的影响

目的:探讨胸廓成形术对严重脊柱侧凸患者后路矫形手术后肺功能的影响。方法:我院脊柱外科2007年1月~2009年12月收治的30例胸弯Cobb角大于70°伴有肺功能障碍的脊柱侧凸且有完整资料的患者纳入本研究。男12例,女18例;年龄11~34岁,平均18.8±6.2岁;术前Cobb角70°~140°,平均101.0°±19.9°。所有患者均行后路矫形手术和凸侧胸廓成形术。术前、术后3个月和2年时应用肺功能检查(PFT)评估患者的肺功能状况,分析肺功能变化率与术后恢复时间的关系。结果:侧凸Cobb角矫正至53.0°±20.9°,平均矫正率为49.2%。随访3~24个月,平均12.8个月,与术前肺功能参数相比,术后3个月时患者的肺活量(VC)下降了15.0%,VC实测值与预计值的百分比(VC%)下降了15.8%,用力肺活量(FVC)下降了16.5%,FVC实测值与预计值的百分比(FVC%)下降了17.3%,第一秒用力呼气量(FEV1)下降了12.7%,FEV1实测值与预计值的百分比(FEV1%)下降了13.1%,与术前比较均有显著性差异(P<0.05)。其中8例患者随访时间达到2年,末次随访时患者的肺功能参数略高于术前的基础水平,但无统计学差异(P>0.05)。术后肺功能参数(VC、VC%、FVC、FVC%、FEV1、FEV1%)变化率均与手术后的恢复时间成正相关。结论:严重脊柱侧凸患者后路矫形同时进行胸廓成形术后肺功能在近期内会明显下降,但是随着恢复时间的延长,肺功能逐渐回到术前基础水平。     

轻中度青少年特发性脊柱侧凸肺功能的影响因素分析

目的探讨轻中度青少年特发性脊柱侧凸(Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis,AIS)肺功能的影响因素。方法选取2016-01-2018-02,我院收治的60例青少年特发性脊柱侧凸患者,作为观察组;选择正常健康青少年20例,作为对照组。测定所有患者的肺功能指标,包括用力肺活量(FVC)、FVC预计值(FVC pred)、FVC占预计值的百分比(FVC pred%)、第1秒用力呼气量(FEV1)、FEV1预计值(FEV1 pred)、FEV1占预计值百分数(FEV1 pred%)、FEV1占FVC百分数(FEV1/FVC%)。结果两组FVC、FVC pred%、FVC pred、FEV1、FEV1 pred指标比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05),而FEV1 pred%和FEV1/FVC%差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。根据患者脊柱不同侧凸类型比较,FVC、FEV1差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。AIS患者不同性别比较,各项肺功能指标FVC、FEV1/FVC%、FVC pred、FEV1 pred、FVC pred%、FEV1/FVC%、FEV1差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。AIS患者的年龄相关系数比较中,FVC、FEV1、FVC pred、FEV1 pred比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);最大Cobb角与FVC、FVC pred、FVC pred%、FEV1、FEV1 pred、FEV1 pred%、FEV1/FVC%均无相关性(P0.05)。结论轻、中度青少年特发性脊柱侧凸会导致肺功能障碍,并且与年龄成正比,而不同侧凸类型和Cobb角的大小与肺功能无关。     

性别对青少年特发性脊柱侧凸患者支具治疗效果的影响

目的:比较男、女性青少年特发性脊柱侧凸(adolescent idiopathic scoliosis,AIS)患者支具治疗的效果,探讨性别因素对支具治疗效果的影响。方法:2003年7月~2009年7月在我院完成支具治疗的男性AIS患者19例(A组),初诊时平均年龄14.0±2.0岁,平均主弯Cobb角28.8°±5.7°,初始Boston支具治疗6例,Milwaukee支具治疗13例;随机抽取同时期完成支具治疗的女性AIS患者57例(B组),初诊时平均年龄13.0±1.4岁,平均主弯Cobb角29.4°±6.1°,初始Boston支具治疗17例,Milwaukee支具治疗40例。定义末次随访时Cobb角大于初诊6°或治疗期间建议行矫形手术者为侧凸进展。结果:两组初诊时Risser征(P=0.786)、Cobb角(P=0.790)、弯型分布(P=0.350)和应用支具类型分布(P=0.350)等无显著性差异。A组和B组平均支具治疗时长分别为2.1±0.7年和2.5±0.9年,平均依从性分别为84.4%±7.6%和87.1%±5.7%。A组患者中发生侧凸进展8例(42%),其中需手术治疗者6例(32%);B组中侧凸进展12例(21%),其中需手术治疗者10例(18%)。男性患者侧凸进展比例高于女性,但统计学差异不明显(P=0.071)。两组中,生长发育状态低下、侧凸Cobb角大及主胸弯型患者侧凸进展比例高。结论:支具治疗可有效控制多数AIS患者的侧凸进展,女性患者支具治疗效果可能好于男性患者。     

重度僵硬性特发性脊柱侧凸患者术后肺功能变化

目的探讨前路松解、后路矫形、凸侧短段肋骨切除胸廓成形术对重度僵硬性特发性脊柱侧凸患者肺功能的影响。方法2006年1月-2007年7月,对16例重度僵硬性特发性脊柱侧凸患者行前路松解、后路矫形、凸侧短段肋骨切除胸廓成形术。其中男6例,女10例;年龄10～24岁,平均16.9岁。Lenke分型:1型1例,2型9例,4型6例。术前侧凸Cobb角(104.8±10.9)°,胸段后凸Cobb角(30.0±4.2)°,剃刀背高度(5.9±1.2)cm。患者术前用力肺活量(forcedvitalcapacity,FVC)和第1秒用力呼气容积(forcedexpiratoryvolumein1second,FEV1.0)实测值分别为(2.04±0.63)L和(1.72±0.62)L,实测值占预计值的百分比分别为70%±16%及67%±15%。术后3、6、12、24个月复查肺功能,了解肺功能变化情况。结果术后切口均Ⅰ期愈合。术后24个月随访,侧凸Cobb角(53.4±18.6)°,矫正率49.0%±15.3%;胸段后凸Cobb角(34.0±2.4)°,矫正率13.3%±2.2%;剃刀背高度(2.2±0.8)cm;以上指标与术前比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。术后3、6个月,FVC和FEV1.0实测值较术前下降,但差异无统计学意义(P0.05);术后12及24个月,FVC和FEV1.0实测值接近术前(P0.05)。术后3～24个月,FVC及FEV1.0实测值占预计值的百分比持续改善,与术前相比,术后3个月FVC下降19%,FEV1.0下降16%,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);术后6个月,FVC下降12%,FEV1.0下降10%,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);术后12、24个月,FVC及FEV1.0接近术前,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论采用前路松解、后路矫形、凸侧短段肋骨切除胸廓成形术治疗重度僵硬性特发性脊柱侧凸,术后3～6个月患者肺功能下降明显,但术后12～24个月恢复至术前水平。     

马方及类马方综合征脊柱侧凸与青少年特发性脊柱侧凸患者肺功能障碍的差异性比较

目的:比较马方和类马方综合征脊柱侧凸(Marfan syndrome and Marfanoid scoliosis,MMS)患者与青少年特发性脊柱侧凸(adolescent idiopathic scoliosis,AIS)患者肺功能的差异及影响因素。方法:1999年9月~2013年4月我院收治的以胸弯(冠状面)为主的马方及类马方综合征脊柱侧凸患者共85例,其中年龄为11~19岁且临床资料完整的患者共40例(MMS组),男14例,女26例;收集患者术前肺功能指标,包括第1秒最大呼气容积(FEV1)、用力肺活量(FVC)、最大用力呼气峰流量(PEF),数值采用实测值占预计值的百分比,分析肺功能指标与年龄、冠状面Cobb角、胸后凸Cobb角、胸弯柔韧度之间的关系。并与同期住院行脊柱侧凸矫形内固定术的相匹配的80例AIS患者(AIS组)的术前肺功能参数进行比较。采用曼-惠特尼U检验比较两组间的差异,并用Pearson相关性分析对两组患者肺功能指标与患者年龄及相关脊柱侧凸指标进行相关性分析。结果:MMS组患者中肺功能处于中、重度损害的比例(11/40)显著高于AIS组(5/80)(P0.05)。MMS组患者FEV1、FVC均明显小于AIS组患者(P0.05);PEF两组间差异无统计学意义。MMS组患者FEV1、FVC与冠状面Cobb角呈显著性负相关(r=-0.444、-0.524,P0.05);FEV1、FVC、PEF与年龄之间呈正显著性相关(r=0.363,0.326,0.348,P0.05);FVC与胸弯冠状面柔韧度之间呈显著性正相关(r=0.321,P0.05);FEV1、FVC与胸椎后凸角均无显著相关性。AIS组患者FEV1、FVC、PEF等指标与冠状面Cobb角呈显著性负相关(r=-0.338、-0.293、-0.253,P0.05);FEV1、PEF与年龄之间呈显著性正相关(r=0.286、0.341,P0.05);FEV1与胸后凸Cobb角之间呈显著性正相关(r=0.238,P0.05)。两组患者肺功能指标与相关指标间的相关性存在差异。结论:MMS患者肺功能损害较AIS患者严重,其肺功能主要受胸弯冠状面Cobb角、年龄共同影响。     

支具治疗对青少年特发性脊柱侧凸近期肺功能的影响

[目的]比较青少年特发性脊柱侧凸患者支具治疗前与末次随访肺功能的变化,探讨支具治疗对患者近期肺功能的影响。[方法]对2009年2月～2010年10月在本院接受规范支具治疗的40例青少年特发性脊柱侧凸患者;其中男性4人,女性36人;初诊时年龄10～14岁,平均12.2岁,骨骼发育Risser征0～Ⅱ度,平均1.1度;观察支具治疗前、末次随访时主侧凸冠状Cobb角以及肺功能等指标的变化。[结果]随访时间为6～17个月,平均8个月;支具治疗前主侧凸冠状Cobb角(28.41±6.45)°,末次随访时主侧凸冠状Cobb角(16.21±10.22)°,平均矫正率为43.56%,两者差异有显著性意义(P<0.05);支具治疗前、末次随访时肺功能指标VC(肺活量)、FEV1(第1 s时间肺活量)、MVV(最大通气量)实测值及占预计值百分率进行比较,结果有显著性差异(P<0.05)。随访期间患者脊柱侧凸的进展均得到有效控制,患者无明显呼吸困难及活动功能障碍等并发症。[结论]支具治疗对青少年特发性脊柱侧凸有矫正效果;但是对患者近期肺功能可能有消极影响,患者在佩戴支具期间需要加强对肺功能的锻炼。     

马方和类马方综合征合并脊柱侧凸患者肺功能障碍的模式及影响因素

目的 探讨合并脊柱侧凸的马方和类马方综合征患者肺功能损害的模式及其影响因素.方法 回顾性分析1998年2月至2007年9月行脊柱侧凸矫形内固定手术且有术前肺功能资料的25例马方和类马方综合征患者(A组)的临床资料,其中男性11例,女性14例;年龄11～20岁,平均15岁.分析其肺功能指标(实测值与预计值的比值)与冠状面Cobb角、胸弯顶椎位置、受累节段数以及胸椎后凸角的关系.并与同期行脊柱侧凸矫形内固定术且弯型与此匹配的38例青少年特发性脊柱侧凸(MS)患者(B组)的肺功能指标进行比较分析.结果 A组患者肺活量(VC)、用力肺活量(FVC)、第1秒最大呼气容积(FEVI)等指标与冠状面Cobb角呈显著负相关(r=0.514、-0.503、-0.464,P<0.05);VC、FVC、FEV1以及最大呼气中期流量(MMEF)等指标明显小于B组(P<0.05);顶椎位置在T_(4～8)与在T_(9～12)的患者之间肺功能指标差异无统计学意义;受累节段≥8的患者,VC、FVC、FEV1和最大自主通气量(MVV)等指标小于受累节段<8者(P<0.05);胸椎后凸角与肺功能指标之间无明显相关性.结论 合并脊柱侧凸的马方和类马方综合征患者肺功能损害较MS患者严重,其肺功能主要受胸弯受累节段数和胸弯冠状面Cobb角共同影响.     

术前支具治疗对女性青少年特发性脊柱侧凸患者手术矫形效果的影响

目的:分析术前支具治疗对女性青少年特发性脊柱侧凸(AIS)患者手术矫形效果的影响。方法 :筛选2001年7月~2009年12月在我院接受单一后路矫形内固定手术治疗的女性青少年特发性主胸弯脊柱侧凸患者70例,其中术前接受支具治疗组(A组)26例;未接受支具治疗组(B组)44例。两组发现畸形年龄、术时年龄、术前主胸弯冠状面Cobb角、凸侧Bending像Cobb角、侧凸柔韧性、手术融合椎体数比较均无统计学差异(P>0.05),A、B组随访时间超过1年者分别为23例和34例,随访时间分别为12~101个月(平均37.7个月)、12~87个月(平均28.7个月),两组比较无统计学差异(P>0.05)。比较两组患者的手术矫形效果。结果:A组与B组患者术前主胸弯冠状面Cobb角分别为52.8°±8.3°和54.0°±10.7°,术后分别矫正到12.3°±7.3°和11.5°±8.1°,术后较术前均明显改善(P<0.01),主胸弯矫形率分别为(77.0±12.6)%和(79.3±11.9)%,两组比较无统计学差异(P>0.05);末次随访时主胸弯冠状面Cobb角分别为16.7°±8.4°和15.4°±7.2°,两组比较无统计学差异(P>0.05),主胸弯矫形率分别为(68.8±14.5)%和(70.5±13.0)%,两组比较无统计学差异(P>0.05)。A、B组患者术前主胸弯顶椎偏距分别为41.4±14.3mm和36.8±13.7mm,两组比较无统计学差异(P>0.05),术后分别被矫正到10.4±5.4mm和7.2±5.6mm,B组优于A组(P<0.05);末次随访时分别为14.4±11.3mm和12.1±8.5mm,两组比较无统计学差异(P>0.05)。A、B组患者术前、术后、末次随访时冠状面失平衡的发生比例分别为15.4%(4/26)和9.1%(4/44),15.4%(4/26)和15.9%(7/44),4.3%(1/23)和8.8%(3/34),两组比较均无统计学差异(P>0.05)。A、B组患者术前主胸弯矢状面Cobb角分别为12.9°±11.1°和18.7°±11.3°,A组胸后凸更小(P<0.05),术后主胸弯矢状面Cobb角分别被矫正到18.0°±6.3°和22.3°±7.8°,矫正度分别为5.0°±9.8°和3.6°±12.6°,两组矫正度比较无统计学差异(P>0.05);末次随访时A、B组患者主胸弯矢状面Cobb角分别为20.0°±6.7°和22.4°±7.7°,两组比较无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论:术前支具治疗对女性青少年特发性主胸弯脊柱侧凸患者手术矫形效果未产生明显影响。     

Ⅰ型神经纤维瘤病合并脊柱侧凸患者肺功能损害模式的研究

目的 分析I型神经纤维瘤病(NF1)合并脊柱侧凸患者肺功能损害的模式,以及影响其肺功能的影像学因素.方法 选取2003年1月至2009年6月间收治的NF1合并脊柱侧凸患者36例(NF1组),特发性脊柱侧凸(IS)患者64例(IS组),术前检测患者的肺活量(VC)、用力肺活量(FVC)、第1秒用力呼气容积(FEV1)、最大呼气中期流量(MMEF)、最大自主通气量(MVV).比较两组肺功能参数的差异.按照弯型部位及有无萎缩性改变将NF1组患者分类并分类比较肺功能损害的差异,分析影响肺功能的影像学指标.结果 两组肺功能参数VC、FVC、FEV1、MMEF、MVV差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).NF1组胸弯患者肺功能显著低于非胸弯患者;营养不良型患者与非营养不良型患者肺功能损害差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);顶椎位置以及Cobb角与肺功能参数显著相关(P<0.05).结论 NF1合并脊柱侧凸患者的肺功能损害模式与IS患者类似,胸弯患者比非胸弯患者肺功能损害严重,侧凸位置以及Cobb角大小是影响患者肺功能的主要因素.     

特发性与先天性脊柱侧凸患者肺功能障碍的差异性比较

目的：比较特发性脊柱侧凸（idiopathic scoliosis，IS）与先天性脊柱侧凸（congenital scoliosis．CS）患者肺功能参数的差异性。方法：术前检测214例脊柱侧凸患者的肺活量（vital capacity，VC）、用力肺活量（forced vital capacity，FVC）、第1秒用力呼气容积（forced expiratory volume in one second，FEV1）、最大呼气中期流量（maximal mid-expiratory flow，MMEF）、最大自主通气量（maximal voluntary ventilation，MVV），计算实测值占预计值百分比（实／预％），其中IS 141洌（IS组），CS73例（CS组），将肺功能指标与Cobb角进行相关分析。依据主弯顶椎所在位置分为胸段及非胸段侧凸两组，胸段侧凸依据Cobb角大小分为：Cobb角〈600（A组）、60&#176;≤Cobb角〈90&#176;（B组）、Cobb角≥90&#176;（C组）3组。分析胸段及非胸段IS、CS患者术前肺功能参数的差异．同时比较年龄≤10岁的IS、CS患者各参数的差异。结果：脊柱侧凸患者VC、FVC、FEV1、MMEF及MVV的实／预％与Cobb角呈显著性负相关（r=-0．40--0.55）。在胸段侧凸患者中，CS组的FEV1实／预％为64．2％，明显低于IS组患者的80．0％（P〈0．05）；不同Cobb角CS组患者的VC、FVC、FEV1、MVV实／预％值都较相应Cobb角的IS组患者低（P〈0．05）。非胸段侧凸患者中，CS组的VC、FVC、MVV的实／预％较IS组患者低（P〈0．05）。年龄≤10岁的CS与IS患者肺功能指标比较也具有显著性差异（P〈0．05）。结论：IS和CS患者均存在肺功能损害，但损害模式不同，IS以限制性通气功能障碍为特征，CS表现为混合性通气功能障碍；年龄和Cobb角相匹配时．无论在胸段还是非胸段，CS患者的肺功能损害均较IS患者严重；且两者肺功能损害的差异性在青春期前就存在。     

Is the reduction of forced expiratory lung volumes proportional to the lung parenchyma resection, 6 months after pneumonectomy?

OBJECTIVES: To preoperatively estimate the degree of first-second forced expired volume (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) reduction 6 months after pneumonectomy, according to the preoperative performed spirometry and bronchoscopy, and to estimate if the expected postoperative values of FEV1 and FVC are in accordance with the actual values. METHODS: Thirty-five patients, who underwent pneumonectomy for non-small cell lung cancer between 1996 and 1999, were included in the perspective study. All patients had total or near total bronchial obstruction at preoperative bronchoscopy. Patients were divided into three groups according to the preoperative bronchoscopy findings: Group I, obstruction of the main bronchus (six patients); Group II, obstruction of a lobar bronchus (19 patients); and Group III, obstruction of a segmental bronchus (10 patients). The estimation of the percent reduction of FEV1 and FVC has been made according to the formula: percent reduction=(no. of bronchopulmonary segments to be resected-no. of obstructed segments) x 5.26%. RESULTS: The mean overall actual percent reduction of FEV1 and FVC differed significantly from the expected mean overall percent reduction of FEV1 and FVC (P=0.000 and P=0.001, respectively). The actual values were lower than the predicted values using the given formula. In group and subgroup analysis, the mean actual percent reduction of FEV1 and FVC differed significantly from the mean expected percent reduction of FEV1 and FVC in Groups I and II of patients (P<0.01), but no significant differences were observed in Group III of patients (P>0.05). No significant differences between expected and actual mean percent reduction of FEV1 and FVC was also observed in patients of Groups I and II, when lung or lobar atelectasis, respectively, was noted at preoperative chest X-ray (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Only when a segmental bronchus was obstructed at the preoperative bronchoscopy or when lobar or lung atelectasis was the result of the main or lobar bronchus obstruction, the estimated, using the proposed formula, expected percent reduction of FEV1 and FVC values were close to the actual postoperative percent reduction of FEV1 and FVC.     

Perioperative rehabilitation and physiotherapy for lung cancer patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of pulmonary rehabilitation on surgical morbidity and lung function in lung cancer patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods: Prospectively, 22 lung cancer patients with COPD who underwent lobectomy between 2000 and 2003 were enrolled for this study as a rehabilitation group (Rehab. Group). The criteria of COPD were preoperative forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEVl)/forced vital capacity (FVC) ≦70% and more than 50% of low attenuation area in a computed tomography. Preoperatively patients performed aggressive pulmonary exercise for two weeks and received chest physiotherapy postoperatively. As a historical control, 60 patients with lung cancer who fulfilled the same criteria but did not receive rehabilitation between 1995 and 1999 (control group) were entered in this study. Results: Patient backgrounds were all equivalent between the two groups. However, FEV1 and FEV1/FVC were significantly lower in the Rehab. Group (p<0.05). Prolonged oxygen supplement and tracheostomy tended to be more frequent in the control group. The ratio of actual postoperative to predicted postoperative FEV1 was significantly better in the Rehab. Group (p=0.047). Furthermore, postoperative hospital stay was significantly longer in the control group (p=0.0003). Conclusion: Despite lower FEV1 and FEV1/FVC in the Rehab. Group, postoperative pulmonary complications and long hospital stay could be effectively prevented and FEV1 was well preserved by rehabilitation and physiotherapy.     

生长棒技术治疗早发性脊柱侧凸术后的肺功能变化

 目的 分析生长棒技术治疗早发性脊柱侧凸术后的肺功能变化。方法 2002年9月至2011年7月,以生长棒技术治疗早发性脊柱侧凸患者10例,男3例,女7例;年龄6~9岁,平均(7.0±1.1)岁。9例为先天性脊柱侧凸,1例为神经肌肉型脊柱侧凸。4例已完成最终融合手术(已融合组),6例未完成最终融合手术(未融合组)。记录每次手术术前的用力肺活量(FVC)、一秒钟用力呼气容积(FEV1)、Cobb角、C7-S1距离,计算FVC、FVC/FVC预测值百分比、FEV1、FEV1/FEV1预测值百分比变化,分析FVC变化与Cobb角变化及C7-S1距离变化的相关性。结果 已融合组中FVC与FEV1均增高,其中最终融合术前与生长棒置入术前FVC的差异有统计学意义。未融合组中FVC与FEV1均增高,末次延长术前与生长棒置入术前FVC、FEV1的差异均具有统计学意义。两组病例生长棒置入术前与末次手术前FVC/FVC预测值百分比及FEV1/FEV1预测值百分比的变化均无统计学意义。FVC变化与Cobb角变化及C7-S1距离变化值无相关性。结论 生长棒技术治疗早发性脊柱侧凸术后肺功能得到改善,肺功能的改善与Cobb角变化及C7-S1距离变化无关。     

进胸取膈神经移位术后肺功能的变化

目的　研究进胸取膈神经移位术后患者肺功能的变化。方法　对 5例进胸取膈神经移位患者术前及术后 (8～ 14个月 )肺功能的变化进行比较。结果　 5例在术后均未出现供氧不足症状。 3例出现膈肌抬高 ;术后肺活量 (VC)、肺活量预计值百分数 (VC % )分别比术前减少 17.3 %和 3 2 .3 % ,两者差异有显著性意义 (tvc=3 .49、tvc% =4.17,P <0 .0 5 )。其它项目如残气量 (RV)、肺总量 (TLC)、残气量 /肺总量比值 (RV/TLC)、用力肺活量 (FVC)、1s用力呼气量 (FEV1)、1s用力呼气量 /用力肺活量比值(FEV1/FVC)、5 0 %肺活量的最大呼气流量预计值百分数 (FEF 5 0 % )的变化 ,和术前相比均无明显差异。结论　进胸取膈神经移位术后成人的肺容量有部分丧失 ,但其丧失程度在机体可耐受范围内 ,不会导致呼吸功能障碍     

Pulmonary function in chronic heart failure. Changes after heart transplantation.

To investigate the impact of chronic heart failure on pulmonary function in heart transplant recipients, pulmonary function was evaluated in 41 consecutive patients (mean age 43 years, range 15-57 years) before and 6 months after successful heart transplantation. The pulmonary function tests included measurements of forced vital capacity [FVC], forced expiratory volume in 1.s [FEV1], FEV1/FVC ratio, total lung capacity [TLC], and diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide [TLCO] and KCO [TLCO per l alveolar volume]. Compared to pretransplant values, spirometry after transplantation revealed modest improvements in FVC (from 77 +/- 16 to 88 +/- 21% of predicted [%pred]; p < 0.001) and FEV1 (from 75 +/- 16 to 85 +/- 22%pred; p < 0.001), whereas the FEV1/FVC ratio was unchanged (81% +/- 11 and 80% +/- 10; p = NS). A slight but statistically significant increase in TLC (from 78 +/- 15 to 86 +/- 18%pred, p < 0.001) was also observed. Prior to transplantation the mean TLCO was 76 +/- 17%pred; 7 of the patients had a TLCO below 60%pred (mean 51% pred). In 33 of the 41 patients a reduction in TLCO was observed after transplantation; for all 41 patients the mean fall in TLCO was 14% of the predicted value (SD 12%pred) (p < 0.0001). Likewise, a significant reduction in KCO was noted (p < 0.0001). Multiple regression analysis revealed that high pretransplant TLCO %pred (p = 0.02) and FVC %pred (p = 0.04) were associated with a less favorable outcome concerning posttransplant TLCO %pred. Although normalization of FEV1, FVC and TLC can be anticipated after correction of severe chronic left ventricular failure by heart transplantation, the pronounced concomitant decline in diffusion capacity observed in this study may be explained by underlying pulmonary disease caused by factors other than long-standing heart failure. Our findings support the notion that pulmonary function abnormalities attributable to chronic heart failure should not preclude consideration for heart transplantation.     

Minimal alteration of pulmonary function after lobectomy in lung cancer patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD) on postoperative pulmonary function and to elucidate the factors for decreasing the reduction of pulmonary function after lobectomy. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective chart review of 521 patients who had undergone lobectomy for lung cancer at Chiba University Hospital between 1990 and 2000. Forty-eight patients were categorized as COPD, defined as percentage of predicted forced expiratory volume at 1 second (FEV1) less than or equal to 70% and percentage of FEV1 to forced vital capacity less than or equal to 70%. The remaining 473 patients were categorized as non-COPD. RESULTS: Although all preoperative pulmonary function test data and arterial oxygen tension were significantly lower in the COPD group, postoperative arterial oxygen tension and FEV1 were equivalent between the two groups, and the ratio of actual postoperative to predicted postoperative FEV1 was significantly better in the COPD group (p < 0.001). With multivariable analysis, COPD and pulmonary resection of the lower portion of the lung (lower or middle-lower lobectomies) were identified as independent factors for the minimal deterioration of FEV1. Actual postoperative FEV1 was 15% lower and higher than predicted, respectively, in the non-COPD patients with upper portion lobectomy and the COPD patients with lower portion lobectomy. Finally, we created a new equation for predicting postoperative FEV1, and it produced a higher coefficient of determination (R(2)) than the conventional one. CONCLUSIONS: The postoperative ventilatory function in patients with COPD who had lower or middle-lower lobectomies was better preserved than predicted.     

Predicted pulmonary function and survival after pneumonectomy for primary lung carcinoma

Between 1982 and 1987, 139 patients with primary carcinoma of the lung were treated with pneumonectomy. Thirty-nine patients (28%) were in clinical stage I, 10 (7%) were in clinical stage II, and 90 (65%) were in clinical stage III. Overall actuarial 3-year survival was 33%. Actuarial 3-year survival for patients in clinical stage I was 44%; for those in clinical stage II, 48%; and for those in clinical stage III, 28%. Risk factors for operative mortality examined included preoperative forced vital capacity (FVC) of 2.13 L or less and forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) of 1.65 L or less, percent predicted FVC of 64% or less and FEV1 of 65% or less, predicted postoperative FVC of 1.31 L or less and FEV1 of 0.89 L or less, and predicted postoperative percent predicted FVC of 41% or less and FEV1 of 34% or less. Operative deaths occurred only in clinical stage III patients (7/90 or 8%). Patients with compromised pulmonary function based on one or more of the examined risk factors were at increased risk for death (2/10) compared with patients with better pulmonary function (5/80 or 6.25%). Actuarial 3-year survival for high-risk clinical stage III patients ranged from 0% to 16% compared with 28% for other clinical stage III patients. Thirty-day mortality for pathological stage III patients was 6.3% (5/79), and 3-year actuarial survival was 24%. No patient in pathological stage III who was at high risk survived beyond 3.1 years. Select individuals with adequate pulmonary function and stage III disease can achieve substantial long-term survival after pneumonectomy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

青少年特发性脊柱侧凸患者术前肺功能与肺容积相关性研究：利用CT三维重建肺容积

目的 搜集三维CT重建下青少年特发性脊柱侧凸患者术前总肺容积（total lung volume,Vt）、右肺容积（volume of right lung,Vr ）、左肺容积（volume of left lung,Vl ）和左侧肺容积/右侧肺容积比值（Vl/Vr）与年龄相关对照值比较是否存在差异,并且回顾性研究术前肺容积和肺功能参数相关性.方法 共24例患者,平均Cobb角52°.所有患者术前行肺功能检查（通气和弥散）,胸部CT扫描,并进行肺实质三维重建.Vt、Vr、Vl、Vl/Vr和右侧与左侧肺容积差值绝对值（︱Vr-Vl︱）分别与肺功能测量结果进行相关性分析.以肺活量（vital capacity,VC）、用力肺活量（forced vital capacity,FVC）和肺总量（total lung capacity,TLC）为因变量,与肺容积数据建立多元线性回归分析模型,获得回归方程.结果 Vt与VC、FVC呈正相关（P＜0.05）,Vt与TLC近似正相关（P=0.055）,与50%肺活量时最大呼气流量（forced expiratory flow of 50% forced vital capacity,FEF50%）、FEF75%呈负相关,与其他参数均无相关性（P＞0.05）.︱Vr-Vl︱与最大通气量占预计值百分比（percentages of maximal ventilatory volume to predicted values,MVV%）呈负相关,与弥散参数无相关性（P＞0.05）;男性和女性患者Vt与Vr较对照值均减小,女性患者Vl/Vr和对照值差异有统计学意义.结论 青少年特发脊柱侧凸术前Vt与VC、FVC、TLC呈明显正相关;侧凸患者Vt、Vr较正常对照值减小.从单纯的保存肺功能角度,建议后路手术尽量减少两侧肺容积不对称性,可以阻止MVV%继续下降.     

Correlation of preoperative pulmonary function testing with clinical course in patients after pneumonectomy

Postoperative morbidity and mortality were correlated with the preoperative results of three widely used tests of pulmonary function in 90 patients who underwent pneumonectomy for carcinoma of the lung. Factors analyzed following operation included thirty-day mortality, the incidence of arrhythmias, the frequency of respiratory complications, and the number of individuals requiring prolonged mechanical ventilation. Fourteen patients had a forced vital capacity (FVC) of 70% or less of predicted normal value. Eleven had a one-second forced expiratory volume (FEV1) of 1.5 liters or less, and 32 had an FEV1 of less than 2 liters. Twenty-six had an FEV1/FVC ratio of 0.6 or less. There were no differences in morbidity or mortality between these individuals and the patients whose test scores exceeded these criteria. As a general rule, decisions regarding operability and extent of resection cannot be made solely on the basis of the three spirometry tests reviewed.     

Second to fourth digit ratio： a predictor of adult lung function

Sex and sex hormones play a major role in lung physiology. It has been proposed that the ratio of the second to fourth digits （digit ratio） is correlated with fetal sex hormones. We therefore hypothesized that digit ratio might help predict lung function. We investigated the relationship between digit ratio and pulmonary function test （PFT） findings. A total of 245 South Korean patients （162 male, 83 female） aged from 34 to 90 years who were hospitalized for urological surgery were prospectively enrolled. Before administering the PFTs, the lengths of the second and fourth digits of the right hand were measured by a single investigator using a digital Vernier caliper. In males （n = 162）, univariate and multivariate analysis using linear regression models showed that digit ratio was a significant predictive factor of forced vital capacity （FVC） and forced expiratory volume in I second （FEV1） （FVC： r = 0.156, P = 0.047; FEVI： r = 0.160, P = 0.042）. In male ever-smokers （n = 69）, lung functions （FVC and FEV1） were correlated with smoking exposure rather than digit ratio. In female never-smokers （n = 83）, lung functions （FEV1 and FEVI/FVC ratio） were positively correlated with digit ratio on univariate analysis （FEVI： r = 0.242, P = 0.027; FEVI/FVC ratio： r = 0.245, P = 0.026）. Patients with lower digit ratios tend to have decreased lung function. These results suggest that digit ratio is a predictor of airway function.