内源性抗氧化剂PRDX4及其在生殖系统作用的研究进展

过氧化物还原酶4（PRDX4）是过氧化物还原酶家族成员,是一种细胞内源性抗氧化剂,可锚定在内质网调节蛋白质氧化折叠,也可分泌到细胞外基质发生抗氧化作用。在女（雌）性生殖系统,氧化应激影响卵巢的功能状态,定位在颗粒细胞及卵母细胞的体细胞型PRDX4（PRDX4s）通过抗氧化应激机制促进卵泡发育成熟、抑制卵母细胞老化,并参与多囊卵巢综合征（PCOS）和卵巢功能减退的病理过程。在睾丸组织内同时表达两种PRDX4亚型,PRDX4s和睾丸特异型PRDX4（PRDX4t）。PRDX4通过抑制内质网应激、清除胞质和细胞外基质活性氧簇（ROS）保护睾丸组织结构与细胞功能,参与调节精子发生和精子形成,抑制生精细胞凋亡。综述PRDX4的结构与功能,及其在调节配子发生中的作用。     

针刀干预对帕金森病模型大鼠小胶质细胞及IL-1β表达的影响

目的:探讨针刀疗法治疗帕金森病(Parkinson's Disease,PD)的炎性作用机制。方法:将48只大鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、针刀组、电针组。采用立体定位技术将6-羟基多巴胺(6-DAOH)注入大鼠右侧纹状体制备PD大鼠模型。针刀组于枕下肌群和C1-2横突处进行松解干预,2次/周,连续4周;电针组选"百会""太阳"穴,由"百会"透刺"太阳"穴进行电针干预,3次/周,连续4周。采用HE染色光镜下观察神经元细胞形态、数目及小胶质细胞数目变化,酶联免疫吸附法(ELisa)检测IL-1β的水平。结果:与正常组比较,模型组大鼠损毁侧多巴胺能神经元细胞数目减少,小胶质细胞数目增多,IL-1β水平升高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);与模型组比较,针刀组和电针组大鼠损毁侧多巴胺能神经元细胞数目增多,小胶质细胞数目减少,IL-1β水平降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:针刀疗法可以改善多巴胺能神经元细胞的形态和数目,其机制可能是通过抑制小胶质细胞激活介导的炎性反应,降低炎性因子IL-1β的含量,从而治疗PD。     

细胞内Ca~(2+)及其在卵母细胞成熟中的作用

Ca~(2+)是重要的第二信使,与多种蛋白结合,调节蛋白质的定位、活性及功能。细胞膜及细胞器上的钙通道严格控制细胞质和细胞器的Ca~(2+)浓度,以保证细胞内信号的正常传导。在卵母细胞成熟和受精的过程中,Ca~(2+)控制卵母细胞的成熟过程,维持受精并启动胚胎发育。卵母细胞体外成熟技术(IVM)是目前临床上不孕不育的重要治疗手段,但它的低成功率一直是IVM不能广泛应用的主要因素。Ca~(2+)拮抗剂能抑制细胞核的提前成熟,使得细胞核与细胞质成熟同步,成为现在IVM的研究热点。本文主要介绍Ca~(2+)的通道,如何介导Ca~(2+)的平衡,Ca~(2+)调控卵母细胞减数分裂的机制和IVM中Ca~(2+)的作用。     

依折麦布联合辛伐他汀降脂疗效的荟萃分析

目的对目前已发表的,研究依折麦布联合辛伐他汀降脂疗效和安全性的随机对照试验进行荟萃分析。设计综述及随机对照试验的荟萃分析。方法系统检索三个电子数据库,并通过阅读相关综述及文章的参考文献进一步获取信息,两个作者独立阅读所有文献,按入选标准纳入试验。结果最终7个干预试验被纳入荟萃分析,研究对象共计4563人。荟萃分析显示,依折麦布联合辛伐他汀与单独口服辛伐他汀相比,血浆LDL-C水平下降-15.12%,(95%CI:-19.50,-10.73,P0.0001)具有显著性统计学差异,相似的统计学差异也见于血浆HDL-C(1.89%,95%CI:1.21,2.57,P0.0001)、TC(-13.5%,95%CI:-17.32,-9.68,P0.0001)、TG(-3.09%,95%CI:-4.40,-1.78,P0.0001)。结论经短期随机对照试验荟萃分析,依折麦布联合辛伐他汀相较于辛伐他汀单独应用能更有效的降低血脂水平,但是否能够降低临床终点事件发生率,尚需要更多的长期干预试验提供证据。     

青少年特发性脊柱侧凸患者合并Tarlov囊肿6例

根据囊肿内是否有神经纤维或细胞,骶管囊肿可分为单纯型和神经根型,神经根型骶管囊肿又称Tarlov囊肿,Tarlov [1]通过对30例终丝标本研究后首先描述了这种病理改变.     

胸段软组织感染合并椎管内硬膜外脓肿伴截瘫1例报告

患者男性,57岁.因"右侧胸背部疼痛伴双下肢感觉、运动功能障碍1周"于2008年7月31日入院.患者于入院9d前搬运重物数小时后出现右侧腰背部疼痛,疼痛较剧.存当地医院就诊考虑为软组织挫伤,给予对症治疗,患者感觉疼痛好转.     

青少年特发性脊柱侧凸患者小脑扁桃体位置与异常体感诱发电位的相关性分析

目的 探讨青少年特发性脊柱侧凸(AIS)患者小脑扁桃体位置与异常体感诱发电位(SEP)的相关性,分析其在AIS临床诊治中的意义.方法 对171例AIS患者行MRI扫描和胫后神经SEP检查;并以45名年龄匹配的健康青少年的胫后神经SEP作为正常值参考对照.在MRI图像上测量AIS患者的小脑扁桃体位置.小脑扁桃体位置低于枕骨大孔前后缘骨皮质的最低点之间的连线定义为小脑扁桃体异位.SEP波形消失、峰潜伏期延长及峰潜伏期不对称定义为SEP异常的标准.分别计算AIS患者小脑扁桃体异位发生率及SEP异常率,并分析小脑扁桃体异位与SEP异常的相关性.分析小脑扁桃体异位与SEP异常对侧凸严重程度的影响.结果 171例AIS患者中小脑扁桃体异位者总共有63例(36.8%),SEP异常者共有62例(36.3%).根据不同侧凸严重程度分组分析,结果提示小脑扁桃体异位和SEP异常均与侧凸严重程度无关,小脑扁桃体异位与SEP异常无明显相关,P值均>0.05.结论 部分AIS患者存在小脑扁桃体异位或躯体感觉传导通路异常,两者之间并无相关性,可能与AIS的不同发病机制有关.     

特发性胸椎左侧凸患者的临床及影像学特征

目的探讨特发性胸椎左侧凸患者的临床及影像学特征。方法通过对病史、查体、X线、全脊髓MRJ等检查,回顾性分析11例特发性胸椎左侧凸患者（A组）的临床资料,测量冠状面及矢状面影像学参数,并将相关指标与特发性胸椎右侧凸患者（B组）进行比较分析。结果特发性胸椎左侧凸以男性多见,男：女为7：4。11例患者弯型分布为：三弯1例,双弯（胸主弯／代偿性腰弯）2例,单胸弯8例。主弯的上端椎分布于T5-T8,下端椎分布于T11～L3,平均跨度达7．1＋1．4节,顶椎分布于T8～T11,单胸弯（75％）型患者中6例顶椎位于T9。与右侧凸型相比,特发性胸椎左侧凸型患者胸椎后凸角（T5-T12）较大（31．20±21．8°VS12．8°±9．4°）,差异有显著统计学意义（P〈0．01）,其余影像学参数两组间比较均无统计学差异。结论特发性胸椎左侧凸患者影像学上具有一定的特征性：在冠状面上,特发性胸椎左侧凸的侧凸模式与右侧凸型相似,呈“镜像”模式;但在矢状面上,特发性胸椎左侧凸型患者胸椎后凸角趋于正常,甚至呈过度后凸,与右侧凸型不同。     

女性青少年特发性脊柱侧凸支具治疗效果和影响因素评估

目的 评估女性青少年特发性脊柱侧凸(adolescent idiopathic scoliosis,AIS)患者支具治疗效果及影响因素.方法 2003年7月至2009年7月,完成支具治疗或因侧凸进展而行手术治疗的女性AIS患者142例,初诊时平均年龄为(13.1±1.5)岁,平均主弯Cobb角29.6°±5.4°,平均Risser征为(2.0±1.5)级.定义侧凸畸形进展为末次随访Cobb角大于初诊6°以上或治疗期间建议行矫形手术(Cobb 角＞45°),其余为非进展.根据侧凸进展或需手术治疗的比率来评估支具治疗效果.运用卡方检验和Logistic回归分析探讨影响支具治疗效果的因素.结果 平均支具治疗时间为(2.5±1.0)年.按照侧凸进展的定义,进展组为27例(19%),非进展组115例(81%);手术组病例18例(13%),因支具治疗而避免手术病例124例(87%).卡方检验发现侧凸进展组和手术组中以初诊年龄10.0～12.9岁、月经初潮未至、Risser征0～1级、初诊Cobb角＞30°以及胸弯型居多.Logistic回归分析发现月经初潮未至(P=0.000)和胸弯型(P=0.012)是支具治疗后侧凸进展的独立预测因素,而初诊Cobb角＞30°(P=0.022)是支具治疗期间因侧凸进展而需手术治疗的另一独立预测因素.结论 支具治疗可有效控制多数AIS患者的侧凸进展,而生长发育状态、侧凸严重程度和侧凸类型是影响支具疗效的重要因素.

Abstract：

Objective To analyze the outcomes of bracing treatment for girls with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS), and to investigate the predictive factors of the protocol. Methods This study included 142 girls with AIS who finished standardized bracing treatment from July 2003 to July 2009. These patients had a mean age of 13.1±1.5 years, a mean main curve of 29.6°±5.4°, and a mean Risser grade of 2.0±1.5 before bracing treatment. Curve progression was defined that Cobb angle was greater than 6° compared to bracing initiation or was aggravated to more than 45° (indicative for surgery). The outcomes of bracing treatment were assessed based on the ratio of curves of progression or indicative for surgery. Chi-square and Logistic regression Analyses were performed to investigate the predictive factors of bracing treatment. Results The duration of bracing treatment averaged 2.5±1.0 years. Twenty-seven girls with curve progression (19%)and 115 girls (81%) with non-progression were found. Final curve which was greater than 45° was found in 18 girls (13%) who need a correction surgery, the remaining 124 girls (87%) had completed bracing treatment and avoided surgery. Chi-square analyses revealed that curve progression were more common in younger girls with lower Risser grade, with initial larger Cobb angle and with a main thoracic curve pattern.Logistic regression analyses found that premenarchal status and a main thoracic curve pattern were the independent risk factors of curve progression despite bracing. While initial Cobb angle which was greater than 30° was the additional independent risk factor of progression requiring surgery. Conclusion Bracing treatment could effectively prevent curve progression in most girls with AIS. The degree of growth maturity, the pattern and grade of curve are the influencing factor for bracing treatment.     

青少年特发性脊柱侧凸患者体感诱发电位的特点及与Cobb角的关系

Objective To investigate the abnormality of somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) with different curve magnitudes, and to explore its effect on the etiopathogenesis of AIS. Methods Posterior tibial nerve SEPs were evaluated on 489 young operative treated AIS patients with a Cobb angle > 40°and 45 age-matched healthy control individuals. Absence of SEPs waveforms, prolongation of peek latency or asymmetrical peek latency were defined as pathological change. Base on the control reference, the incidence of pathological SEPs was determined in AIS group. The association of abnormal SEPs and curve severity for MS patients was also assessed. Results Peek latency corrected for body height was slightly longer in AIS patients than in controls, however, with no significant difference. Interside difference of latency was significantly larger in AIS patients. Abnormal SEPs were found in 166 of 489 AIS patients. Among these, 17 (10.2%) showed absent waveforms, 50 (30.1%) had unilateral latency prolongation, 38 (22.9%) had bilateral latency prolongation, and 120 (72.3%) showed significant interside difference. Statistical analysis failed to show a correlation between abnormal SEPs and the curve severity of spinal deformity. Conclusion Disorder of somatosensory pathways does exist in a subgroup of AIS patients, and it might be a primary factor other than secondary change, and could play an import role in the etiopathogenesis of AIS.