38例青壮年股骨粗隆间骨折的治疗

目的：探讨青壮年股骨粗隆间骨折的治疗方法和疗效。方法：38例青壮年股骨粗隆间骨折均采用加压滑动鹅头钉（DHS）治疗。结果：随访6－30个月,优30例,良8例,无1例发生内固定失败、髋内翻畸形等并发症。结论：青壮年股骨粗隆间骨折损伤严重,骨折不稳定,均应早期行手术治疗,DHS符合髋部生物力学,固定牢固,并发症少,是治疗青壮年股骨粗隆间骨折的理想内固定材料。     

老年股骨粗隆间骨折不同分型的内固定治疗选择

目的：探讨老年股骨粗隆间骨折不同分型内固定治疗选择。方法：老年股骨粗隆间骨折62例，男40例，女22例；年龄60～82岁，平均71岁。按Evans分型：Ⅰ型16例，Ⅱ型13例，Ⅲ型17例，Ⅳ型10例，V型6例。其中Ⅰ、Ⅱ型29例采用空心钉内固定治疗，Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ型33例采用动力加压髋螺钉治疗（DHS）治疗。结果：经1-4年随访，平均2．5年．根据疗效评定的标准，EvansⅠ、Ⅱ型（即稳定型骨折）29例，优13例，良11例，差5例；EvansⅢ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ型（即不稳定型骨折）33例，优18例，良12例，差3例。结论：老年股骨粗隆间骨折不同的分型，分别采用了两种不同的内固定治疗，对EvansⅠ、Ⅱ型的稳定性骨折，多采用了空心钉内固定的治疗，而对EvansⅢ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ的不稳定性骨折，则以动力加压髋螺钉（DHS）内固定为首选。     

动力髋螺钉内固定治疗股骨粗隆间骨折

目的：总结股骨粗隆间骨折采用动力髋螺钉（DHS，Dynamic Hip Screw）内固定的治疗经验。方法：回顾分析112例股骨粗隆间骨折应用DHS手术治疗的临床资料。结果：随访6-44个月，平均16个月。疗效满意，骨折全部愈合，愈合时间为10-16周。7例患者出现髋内翻，3例患者螺纹钉穿出股骨头。结论：DHS是治疗股骨粗隆间骨折较为理想的内固定方法。熟练的手术操作技术、正确的康复锻炼方法是取得满意治疗效果的关键。     

DHS治疗股骨粗隆间骨折疗效分析

目的探讨股骨粗隆间骨折的治疗方法。方法回顾分析32例采用DHS内固定治疗股骨粗隆间骨折的疗效。结果32例均获得随访（6-24个月），无一例因手术或合并症死亡，骨折全部愈合。发现髋内翻1例，髋螺钉松动、脱出1例，下蹲困难1例，无螺钉穿透股骨头。结论股骨粗隆间骨折在无手术禁忌证的情况下，积极手术治疗。选用DHS治疗股骨粗隆间骨折，手术操作简单，内固定牢靠，是治疗股骨粗隆间骨折的一种比较理想的手术方法。     

股骨近端髓内钉与动力髋螺钉治疗股骨粗隆间骨折的比较

目的：探讨股骨近端髋内钉（proximal femoral nail,PFN）与动力髋螺钉（dynamic hip screw,DHS）在治疗A1、A2和A3型股骨粗隆间骨折的各自特点。方法：股骨粗隆间骨折104例,其中PFN固定33例,男13例,女20例,年龄63～87岁,平均76岁;A1型12例,A2型18例,A3型3例。DHS固定71例中,男29例,女42例;年龄61-92岁,平均74．5岁;A1型32例,A2型34例,A3型5例。对两种术式的平均手术时间、切口长度、失血量、下地负重时间及并发症情况进行比较。结果：平均手术时间PFN（51．5±4．4）min,DHS（68．8±5．9）min;切口长度PFN（9．6±0．9）cm,DHS（15．5±1．5）cm;失血量PFN（179．0±12．9）ml,DHS（269．3±40．0）ml。PFN无髋内翻,DHS髋内翻1例、颈干角变小7例。PFN近端螺钉后退导致髋外侧疼痛6例。结论：DHS与PFN在A1型股骨粗隆间骨折内固定治疗中疗效基本相同。PFN手术损伤小于DHS,且抗张力强,不易并发髋内翻及头旋转,更适合A2、A3型粗隆间骨折.     

股骨近端髓内钉与动力髋螺钉在股骨粗隆骨折治疗中临床疗效的对比分析

股骨粗隆间骨折是老年人常见的骨折之一，手术治疗是目前粗隆骨折的首选。动力髋螺钉（DHS）股骨髓内钉固定治疗股骨粗隆间骨折，近年来在临床上得到了广泛的应用。本院从2002年2月到2005年5月共收治了125例股骨粗隆间骨折病人，其中应用DHS治疗66例，股骨近端髓内钉（PFN）治疗59例，现对这2种治疗方法做一回顾性分析。     

动力髋螺钉治疗股骨粗隆间骨折并发症分析

目的：分析动力髋螺钉钢板系统（dynamic hip screw,DHS）治疗股骨粗隆间骨折的并发症及其原因。方法：2002年1月至2007年12月69例股骨粗隆间骨折采用DHS治疗,男27例,女42例;年龄53-96岁,平均72．9岁;按照Evans骨折分型：Ⅰ型10例,Ⅱ型21例,Ⅲ型22例,Ⅳ型16例。术前已明确诊断的各种内科系统伴随症的51例（73．9％）,观察分析其并发症的发生情况。结果：57例出院后通过门诊及电话获得随访,随访时间8-70个月,平均41个月。围手术期发生全身系统并发症17例,死亡4例;手术局部相关并发症12人18例次。其中包括滑动髋螺钉松动后退4例、拉力螺钉穿破股骨头3例、钢板断裂1例;髋内翻5例;深部组织感染再次手术取出内固定1例;伤口愈合不良2例,骨折延迟愈合2例。结论：不稳定性粗隆间骨折应用DHS内固定失败的发生率较高,不应作为治疗首选。应根据骨折分型,结合老年患者骨质疏松情况,选择适当的术式,充分重视高龄患者系统性疾病的预防和监护,可以提高股骨粗隆间骨折的疗效并减少术后并发症。     

微创DHS内固定治疗股骨粗隆间骨折

股骨粗隆间骨折是老年人常见的骨折之一。动力髋螺钉(DHS)是目前治疗此种骨折理想的内固定材料。2005年7月～2006年11月,笔者采用微创下限制接触型DHS内固定治疗股骨粗隆间骨折51例,取得良好的疗效。1临床资料1.1一般资料本组51例,男性23例,女性28例;年龄22～83岁,平均年龄64岁     

股骨重建钉治疗股骨上段复杂骨折

股骨上段复杂骨折的治疗方法很多，对粗隆间骨折的E-vanⅢ型、IV型粗隆下骨折，应用DHS，Gamma可发生髋内翻、内固定松动、骨不愈合等并发症。自2000～2004年应用股骨重建钉治疗股骨上段骨折16例，取得较好的疗效。     

解剖型钢板和DHS治疗股骨粗隆间骨折的对比研究

目的 对比股骨粗隆间骨折解剖型钢板和DHS内固定治疗的临床疗效和并发症.方法 回顾手术治疗股骨粗隆间骨折130例,解剖型钢板固定36例,DHS固定94例.对比两组的临床效果及并发症.结果 在稳定性骨折中两种内固定临床疗效满意;不稳定骨折术后并发症解剖型钢板以髋内翻、内固定失效多见,DHS以股骨颈变短、加压钉切出股骨头为主.结论 两种固定治疗股骨粗隆间骨折均可取得良好的固定,合理选择内固定,制定正确的康复锻炼,能有效减少并发症.     

深圳市某两所小学流行性腮腺炎突发疫情的流行病学分析

目的：通过对深圳市某两所小学发生的流行性腮腺炎突发疫情的流行病学特点及差异性进行分析,为制定科学、高效的防控策略提供科学依据。方法2013年5～7月深圳市大鹏新区某两所小学爆发流行性腮腺炎,以学校为整体研究对象,分别标记为学校A（24个班,学生1210例）和学校B（27个班,学生1274例）,对比两所小学的疫情流行病学差异性。结果分析发现,学校A流行性腮腺炎发病率为4.30%,发病班级所占比54.17%,均较学校B1.73%和29.63%高,对比差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;分析显示学校A学生出现疫病平均年龄为（11.2±1.1）岁,较学校B（9.34±1.0）岁,对比差异明显（P＜0.05）;且两组疫病患儿在接种疫苗率对比上差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;但疫情发生时,学校B疫苗紧急接种率明显高于学校A,对比差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论小学作为流行性腮腺炎爆发的主要场所之一,疫病爆发高峰季节前,针对易感染人群给予相应的疫苗接种等预防控制措施,同时加强流行性腮腺炎的监测,对于降低感染人群数量,减轻、遏制疫情有着积极的意义,值得相关防控部门重视。     

不同方法重建指尖离断静脉回流的疗效分析

目的：探讨不同方法重建指尖离断静脉回流的疗效。方法：2008年3月-2013年2月收治指尖离断患者80例,38例吻合指侧方静脉重建回流,术中吻合动静脉比例1：1或1：2或2：2,平均1：2;22例吻合指腹静脉重建回流,术中吻合动静脉比例1：1;20例未吻合静脉,术中仅吻合1条动脉,行侧切口或甲床放血。观察各组治疗效果。结果：吻合指侧方静脉组手指全部成活,无一例发生回流障碍;吻合指腹静脉组19例发生静脉危象,其中4例手指坏死;未吻合静脉组20例均发生回流障碍,其中6例手指坏死。58例获随访,随访时间6~28个月。吻合指侧方静脉组32例,指尖外形佳、指腹饱满;吻合指腹静脉组14例,指体轻度萎缩,指甲生长不平整;未吻合静脉组12例,指体萎缩明显。吻合指侧方静脉组指甲生长近平整,长度长于其他两组[（14.4±3.2）mm比（12.5±2.3）mm和（12.2±2.2）mm],远侧指间关节活动度大于其他两组[（63±5）°比（48±3）°和（45±7）°],两点分辨觉小于其他两组[（4.6±0.4）mm比（7.1±1.2）mm和（7.3±0.6）mm],感觉级别高于其他两组[S（3.45±0.39）级比S（2.57±0.42）级和S（2.55±0.49）级],差异均具有显著性（P〈0.05）。吻合指腹静脉组和未吻合静脉组在指甲长度、运动和感觉方面差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论：吻合指侧方静脉能有效解决指尖再植静脉回流问题,可避免回流障碍,成活率高,促进指甲生长,可恢复 DIPJ 活动度及感觉。     

Frequency of complications of manipulation of the spine

Summary A survey of all members of the Swiss Medical Association of Manual Medicine was undertaken for the year 1989. Informative data were given by 425 respondents on the frequency of complications of manipulation as related to the spine. The number of thoraco-lumbar manipulations during 1989 (225 working days) was 805 for each respondent, and the number manipulations of the cervical spine 354. Thus, the total number of thoraco-lumbar manipulations was 342 125, and the total number of cervical manipulations was 150 450. The overall incidence of side-effects of transient complications due to cervical spine manipulation such as disturbance of consciousness or radicular signs was 1: 16716. Seventeen patients (ratio 1: 20 125) after manipulation of the lumbar spine presented, in addition to increased pain, a transient sensorimotor deficit with precise radicular distribution. Nine of the 17 patients (ratio 1: 38013) developed a progressive radicular syndrome with sensorimotor defict and radiologically verified disc herniation and had to be referred for surgery. Side effects and complications of cervical and lumbar spine manipulation are rare. Taking in to account the yearly number of manipulations performed by a single physician in Switzerland and the rate of complications, it can be calculated that a physician practicing manual medicine will encoutner one complication due to manipulation of the cervical spine in 47 years and one complication due to lumbar spine manipulation in 38 years of practice. However, it is important that a careful clinical assessment is carried out to avoid complications due to manipulation carried out on the basis of inappropriate indications. Furthermore, the decision as to which technique is indicated for any particular functional disorder of the spine should be made on the basis of rational criteria resting on a knowledge of clinical biomechanics, functional anatomy and neurophysiology. The authors recommend a prospective morbidity study to be carried out among physicians, chiropractors, osteopaths and physiotherapists, taking into account the different indications and therapeutic techniques in relation to complications.     

Pathogenesis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater

Most adenomas and carcinomas of the small intestine and extrahepatic bile ducts arise in the region of the papilla of Vater. In familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) it is the main location for carcinomas after proctocolectomy. In many cases symptoms due to stenosis lead to diagnosis at an early tumor stage. In about 80%, curative intended resection is possible. Operability is the most relevant prognostic factor. Most ampullary carcinomas resp. carcinomas of the papilla of Vater develop from adenomatous or flat dysplastic precursor lesions. They can be sited in the ampulloduodenal part of the papilla of Vater, which is lined by intestinal mucosa. They also can develop in deeper parts of the ampulla, which are lined by pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and pancreaticobiliary-type adenocarcinoma represent the main histological types of ampullary carcinoma. Furthermore, there exist unusual types and undifferentiated carcinomas. Many carcinomas of intestinal type express the immunohistochemical marker profile of intestinal mucosa (keratin 7–, keratin 20+, MUC2+). Carcinomas of pancreaticobiliary type usually show the immunohistochemical profile of pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa (keratin 7+, keratin 20–, MUC2–). Even poorly differentiated carcinomas, as well as unusual histological types, may conserve the marker profile of the mucosa they developed from. These findings underline the concept of histogenetically different carcinomas of the papilla of Vater which develop either from intestinal- or from pancreaticobiliary-type mucosa of the papilla of Vater. Molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas are similar to those of colorectal as well as pancreatic carcinomas, although they appear at different frequencies. In future studies, molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas should be correlated closely with the different histologic tumor types. Consequently, the histologic classification should reflect the histogenesis of ampullary tumors from the two different types of papillary mucosa.     

静脉皮瓣成活过程的实验研究

我们以兔为实验动物，通过微循环观察及血管内灌注填充剂，研究静脉皮瓣的成活过程。这一过程可分为２个阶段。第一阶段（术后７２小时内）为静脉血营养期：静脉血由静脉干通过小静脉吻合支、微静脉干间吻合支及终末微静脉吻合支回流至另一静脉。术后４８小时内毛细血管内无血液运动。第二阶段（术后７２小时～６周）为动脉血营养及血管改造期：术后７２小时新生血管开始向皮瓣内生长。术后７２无皮瓣动脉同主要来自皮瓣周围正常组织内的新生血管吻合使动脉血分布于整个皮瓣，这是静脉皮瓣成活的关键     

Management of sequelae of septic arthritis of hip

A nine years old boy, who had suffered septic arthritis at the age of two years and presented now with a limp, hip instability, leg length discrepancy. The patient was treated by adductor tenotomy and upper tibial pin traction. When head remnant reached the level of the acetabulum, open reduction and Pemberton osteotomy was done to achieve cover of the femoral head. The purpose of this report is to highlight the six years followup of reconstruction of sequale of septic arthritis of hip joint.     

Catamnestic study of childless patients of the Department of Andrology of Hamburg-Eppendorf University Hosptal

By means of a questionnaire, we carried out a catamnestic study of 1419 patients with a complaint of infertility. 27 per cent of the replying patients reported about the birth of children. 343 patients (38%) reported about one or more conceptions. Compared with previous studies, this investigation shows better results of therapies. We interprete this to be caused in better possibilities of therapy, esp. the Kallikrein therapy.     

主动脉窦瘤破裂外科治疗的临床研究

目的　探讨主动脉窦瘤破裂局部病理改变及其合并主动脉瓣关闭不全的手术方法。方法　 3 6例主动脉窦瘤破裂 (RASV)合并主动脉瓣关闭不全 (AI) 15例、室间隔缺损 (VSD) 2 6例。补片修补 3 5例 ,其中合并VSD的均以一片法修补 ,合并AI的主动脉瓣置换 (AVR) 6例 ,主动脉瓣成形 4例。手术取材作病理检查 5例。结果　本组 3 6例中手术死亡 2例 ( 5 .6% )。存活的 3 4例病人均经门诊复查或通信随访 0 .3～ 18年 ,其中 2例死亡。病理检查见RASV合并VSD的瘤壁为纤维素样坏死或玻璃样变性。结论　主动脉窦壁纤维素样或玻璃样变性可能是其形成的病理基础。合并主动脉瓣关闭不全时应探查其病变程度 ,酌情一期矫正 ,瓣膜损伤明显时宜行主动脉瓣置换 ,对主动脉瓣环细小的病例 ,可借修补VSD和RASV的补片扩大主动脉瓣环。     

骨盆骨折的治疗进展

对于骨盆骨折的治疗 ,传统方法以卧硬板床 ,股骨髁上持续骨牵引 ,骨盆兜等保守治疗为主 ,常常引起下肢不等长 ,骶髋痛 ,步态失常等而严重影响生活质量 ,同时长期卧床易引发肺部感染、褥疮、应激性溃疡、泌尿系统结石等并发症而危及生命。下面就骨盆骨折的治疗进展作一综述。1     

Oddi括约肌肌电活动实验模型的建立

目的建立研究Oddi括约肌肌电活动的动物模型和实验方法。方法将双极金属钩状电极通过浆膜层置入Oddi括约肌，记录不同条件干预下家兔的Oddi括约肌肌电活动信号，调整电生理实验参数并经放大、滤波及计算机处理后，对其大小、波形、幅度进行分析。结果不同条件干预下的家兔Oddi括约肌的肌电活动在波形、频率、幅度等方面均有明显的不同，具有明显的规律性。重复实验可得到相似的结果。结论使用双极金属钩状电极配以合理的电生理实验参数调整可以稳定地采集到在体的家兔Oddi括约肌肌电活动信号。这为今后广泛、深入地研究Oddi括约肌肌电活动搭建了一个技术平台。