Intervention Effects of Jianpi Liqi Huoxue Decoction (健脾理气活血汤) on Lipid Peroxidative Liver Injury by Alcohol

Objective: To study the intervention effects of Jianpi Liqi Huoxue Decoction ( 健脾理气活血汤, JLHD) on lipid peroxidative liver injury induced by alcohol. Methods: The rat alcoholic model of liver disease (ALD) induced by Lieber-DeCarli liquid diet was established. Thirty-two male SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: the normal group ( n = 5), the control group ( n = 9), the model group ( n = 9) and the JLHD group (n = 9). From the 4th week after modeling, the rats were given JLHD or distilled water by gastrogavage respectively, and the samples of blood and liver tissues were taken out from the rats for determination by the end of the 8th week. The hepatic pathological changes were observed with HE staining; the liver injury related indices, including activity of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in serum, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (γ-GT) activity and triglyceride (TG) content in liver tissues, as well as the lipid peroxidation related indices, including malonaldehyde (MDA) content and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity in liver tissue, serum Fe2 level, and the anti-peroxidation capacity related indices, including superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, glutathion ( GSH) content and reactive oxygen species (antiROS) activity in liver tissues were determined. Results: ( 1 ) There were obvious figures of fatty degeneration and inflammatory infiltration in liver tissues of the model group. As compared with the control group, in the model group, the activity of ALT and AST, and Fe2 content in serum, γ-GT and NOS activity, TG and MDA content in liver tissues were significantly higher ( P＜0.01 ), while the activity of SOD, GSH and anti-ROS in liver tissues were significantly lower ( P＜0.01 ). (2) The fatty degeneration and inflammatory infiltration of liver tissues in the JLHD group were significantly lessen as compared with those in the model group; and the abnormalities of all the indexes revealed in the model rats were restored to certain extent in the JLHD group,and especially significant were the levels of ALT activity, MDA content and Fe2 , which were nearly normal.Conclusion: JLHD has significant effects against alcoholic liver injury, the acting mechanism of which is likely to be related with its anti-lipid peroxidative effect.     

Effects of different therapeutic methods and typical recipes of Chinese medicine on activation of c-Jun N-terminal Kinase in Kupffer cells of rats with fatty liver disease

<正>Objective:To observe the effects of different therapeutic methods and the recipes of Chinese medicine(CM) on the activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase(JNK) in Kupffer cells of rats with fatty liver disease and to explore the mechanisms of these therapeutic methods.Methods:By using a random number table,98 rats were randomly divided into 7 groups:control group,model group,and 5 treatment groups,including soothing Liver(Gan) recipe group,invigorating Spleen(Pi) recipe group,dispelling dampness recipe group,promoting blood recipe group,and complex recipe group.Rats in the control group were fed with normal food and distilled water by gastric perfusion,while rats in the model group were fed with high-fat food and distilled spirits by gastric perfusion.Rats in the 5 treatment groups were fed with high-fat food and corresponding recipes by gastric perfusion.Twelve weeks later,all rats were sacrificed and liver tissues were stained for pathohistological observation.Kupffer cells were isolated from livers of rats to evaluate JNK and phospho-JNK expressions by Western blotting.Results:The grade of hepatic steatosis was higher in the model group than the control group(P0.05).Compared with the model group,the grade of fatty degeneration in soothing Liver recipe group and invigorating Spleen recipe group were significantly ameliorated(P0.05).Expressions of JNK and phospho-JNK in Kupffer cells were significantly higher in the model group than those in the control group(P0.05,P0.01).Compared with the model group,expressions of JNK in all treatment groups decreased,especially in invigorating Spleen recipe group and promoting blood recipe group(P0.05).Compared with the model group,expressions of phospho-JNK in all treatment groups declined significantly(P0.01),especially in soothing Live recipe group and invigorating Spleen recipe group. Conclusions:The high expressions of JNK and phospho-JNK in Kupffer cells might play an important role in the pathogenesis of fatty liver disease in rats.The recipes of CM,especially invigorating Spleen recipe and soothing Liver recipe,might protect liver against injury by reducing the total JNK protein content and inhibiting the activation of JNK protein in Kupffer cells of fatty liver model rats,which showed beneficial effects on fatty liver disease.     

The Protective Effects of In Vitro Cultivated Calculus Bovis on the Cerebral and Myocardial Cells in Hypoxic Mice

The protective effects of in vitro cultivated calculus bovis （ICCB） on the cerebral and myocardial cells in hypoxic mice and the mechanism were examined. In one group, mice were intragastrically （i.g.） given ICCB for 15 days and then they were subjected to acute cerebral ischemia by decapitation, and then the panting time was recorded. In the other group, 12 min after exposure to hypoxia, mice was administered the ICCB i.g. for 5 days, and then the blood serum and tissues of brain, heart, liver were harvested and examined for SOD, GSH-px and T-AOC activity and content of MDA. The tissues of brain and heart were observed electron-microscopically for ultrastructural changes. The corpus striatum and hippocampus of brain were collected and examined for content of dopamine （DA） and norepinephrine （NE）. The ultrastrural examination showed that the pathological change in brain and heart in the ICCB group was very slight, while abnormal changes in the control group were obviously more serious. ICCB significantly prolonged the panting time of the hypoxic mice （P〈0.001）, increased the activity of SOD, GSH-px, T-AOC in serum and tissues of brain, liver, heart and elevated the content of DA and NE. ICCB also pronouncedly reduced content of MDA in serum and tissues of brain, heart and liver. Significant differences in these parameters were noted between ICCB group and controls. It is concluded that ICCB can exert protective effect on the cells of brain and myocardium by enhancing the tolerance of the tissues to hypoxia and the body＇s ability to remove free radicals and regulating the neurotransmitters.     

Berberine ameliorates renal injury in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats by suppression of both oxidative stress and aldose reductase

Background Berberine is one of the main constituents of Coptidis rhizoma （CR） and Cortex phellodendri. In this study, we investigated the beneficial effects of berberine on renal function and its possible mechanisms in rats with diabetic nephropathy （DN）.
Methods Male Wistar rats were divided into three groups： normal, diabetic model, and berberine treatment groups. Rats in the diabetic model and berberine treatment groups were induced to diabetes by intraperitonal injection with streptozotocin （STZ）. Glomerular area, glomerular volume, fasting blood glucose （FBG）, blood urea nitrogen （BUN）, serum creatinine （Cr） and urine protein for 24 hours （UP24h） were measured using commercially available kits. Meanwhile, the activity of superoxide dismutase （SOD）, content of malondialdehyde （MDA） in serum, activity of aldose reductase （AR） and the expression of AR mRNA and protein in kidney were detected by different methods.
Results The results showed that oral administration of berberine （200 mg·kg^-1·d^-1） significantly ameliorated the ratio of kidney weight to body weight. Glomerular area, glomerular volume, FBG, BUN, Cr and UP24h were significantly decreased in the berberine treatment group compared with the diabetic model group （P〈0.05）. Berberine treatment significantly increased serum SOD activity and decreased the content of MDA compared with diabetic model group （P 〈0.05）. AR activity as well as the expression of AR mRNA and protein in the kidney was markedly decreased in the berberine treatment group compared with diabetic model group （P 〈0.05）.
Conclusion These results suggested that berberine could ameliorate renal dysfunction in DN rats through controlling blood glucose, reduction of oxidative stress and inhibition of the activation of the polyol pathway.     

Upregulation of TNF-α mRNA in hepatic fibrosis rats induced by dimethylnitrosamine

Objective：To observe the expression level of TNF-α mRNA in rats with hepatic fibrosis induced by dimethylnitrosamine （DMN） and to explore its relationship with collagen metabolism and its diagnostic value for hepatic fibrosis.Methods： Twenty-five male Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal control group （n=10） and model group （n=15）. Model rats were induced by DMN for 4 weeks and at final stage were executed. TNF-α mRNA were detected by RT-PCR and the inflammatory necrosis and collagen deposition in hepatic tissue were observed by HE stain and Sirius red stain. The liver functions were determined by automatic biochemical analytic device. The serum marks of liver fibrosis, such as HA, LN and Ⅳ-C were measured with ELISA and RIA. Results： In this study, the rat model of liver fibrosis induced by DMN was successfully constructed. RT-PCR reveals that TNF-α mRNA expression in control group is lower than that of model group. The liver functions of model group were impaired compared with those of the control group （P〈0.01）. Semi-quantitive analysis revealed that TNF-α/β-actin of normal rats was 0.39±0.12, while 0.93±0.05 of model rats. The concentration of HA （434.44±98.81 vs 252.9±26.59 ng/ml, P〈0.01）, LN （70.67±6.32 vs 37.90±5.97 ng/ml, P〈0.01） and Ⅳ-C （79.39±10.52 vs 21.40±4.17 ng/ml, P〈0.01） were significantly increased in the model group as well. Changes of the indexes were similar to the pathological damage of the liver. Conclusion： The results suggested that activation of TNF-α in liver tissues may be the common pathogenic mechanism of liver fibrosis. TNF-α may be a useful index for the diagnosis of hepatic fibrosis which worthies further investigation.     

Study on effects of Zhi Zi(Fructus gardeniae) on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in the rat

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of Zhi Zi(Fructus Gardeniae) on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) induced by a high-fat diet in the rat.METHODS:A rat model of NAFLD was established using a high-fat diet.Twenty one rats were randomly divided into a normal group,a model group and a Zhi Zi treatment group,7 rats per group.Drinking water and the drug were intragastrically administrated for 5 weeks.Samples were then taken to observe pathological changes of the liver tissue(HE staining);changes in the fat metabolism pathway e.g.triglyceride(TG) and free fatty acid(FFA) content;alterations in liver function,i.e.serum alanine aminotransferase(ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase(AST) activity;and differences in tumor necrosis factor α(TNF-α) and P-IkB protein expression in the liver tissue.RESULTS:Fatty degeneration and vacuole-like changes of different degrees occurred in hepatic cells of the model group.Markers for fat metabolism,serum ALT and AST activities,and expressionof TNF-α and P-IkB proteins in liver tissue significantly increased.Fat metabolism in the Zhi Zi group significantly reduced,as shown by a drop in marker levels.Serum ALT and AST activities,and expression of TNF-α,P-IkB proteins in liver tissue were also significantly decreased in this group.CONCLUSION:Zhi Zi has a very strong inhibitory action on lipidosis and inflammatory injury in the rat model of NAFLD.This mechanism may possibly be related to the inhibition of the free fatty acid metabolism pathway.     

Protective Effect of Genistein on Lipopolysaccharide-induced Acute Lung Injury in Rats

Summary： To investigate the protective effect of genistein on endotoxin-induced acute lung injury in rats, and explore the underlying mechanisms, 32 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 experimental groups： saline control, genistein alone, lipopolysaccaride alone, and genistein pretreatment. Each treatment group consisted of eight animals. Animals were observed for 6 h after LPS challenge, and the wet/dry （W/D） weight ratio of the lung and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid （BALF） protein content were used as a measure of lung injury. Neutrophil recruitment and activation were evaluated by BALF cellularity and myeloperoxidase （MP（）） activity. RT-PCR analysis was performed in lung tissue to assess gene expression of ICAM-1. The histopathological changes were also observed using the HE staining of lung tissue. Our results showed that lung injury parameters, including the wet/dry weight ratio and protein content in BALF, were significantly higher in the LPS alone group than in the saline control group （P〈0.01）. In the LPS alone group, a larger number of neutrophils and greater MPO activity in cell-free BAL and lung homogenates were observed when compared with the saline control group （P〈0.01）. There was a significant increase in lung ICAM-1 mRNA in response to LPS challenge （P〈0. 01, group L versus group S）. Genistein pretreatment significantly attenuated LPS-induced changes in these indices. LPS caused extensive lung damage, which was also lessened after genistein pretreatment. All above-mentioned parameters in the genistein alone group were not significantly different from those of the saline control group. It is concluded that genistein pretreatment attenuated LPS-induced lung injury in rats. This beneficial effect of genistein may involves, in part, an inhibition of neutrophilic recruitment and activity, possibly through an inhibition of lung ICAM-1 expression.     

Effect of ATRA on Contents of liver Retinoids, Oxidative Stress and Hepatic Injury in Rat Model of Extrahepatic Cholestasis

The effects of all-trans-retinoic acid （ATRA） administration on the concentration of retinoids （RA and vitamin A） in liver, oxidative stress and the hepatic injury in a rat model of common bile duct ligation （CBDL）-induced liver injury were investigated. Female rats were subjected to a sham （n=5） or CBDL （n=48）. Two weeks after operation, rats undergoing CBDL were randomized to receive treatment with either ATRA at three different doses （0.1, 1.5, 7.5 mg/kg） dissolved in bean oil or only bean oil every day over a 4-week experimental period. Rats were killed and blood samples were collected from the heart for determination of the serum transaminase. The contents of retinoids in rat liver were detected by using HPLC. Malondialdehyde （MDA）, glutathione （GSH） and superoxide dismutase （SOD） levels in liver were determined by a spectrophotometric method according to the instruction of the kits. Liver pathologic changes were observed under the light microscopy and electron microscopy. The results showed that compared with sham-operated group, the levels of retinoids in the liver tissue were significantly decreased in the CBDL group （P〈0.01）. ATRA （0.1 mg/kg） administration in CBDL rats partially restored the contents of retinoids （P〈0.05）. Liver RA and vita- min A contents in CBDL group were significantly increased after ATRA （1.5 and 7.5 mg/kg） supplementation as compared with sham-operated group （P〈0.05）. However, in ATRA-treated CBDL group, hepatic GSH level and SOD activity, depressed by CBDL, and hepatic MDA level, increased by CBDL were returned to those in sham-operated group （P〈0.05）. The histologic observation of liver tissues indicated that ATRA treatment notably alleviated hepatocellular swelling, steatosis, the. swelling of mitochondria and proliferation of smooth endoplasmic reticulum （SER）. Treatment with ATRA could reduce levels of serum transaminase as compared with sham-operated group, more greatly in 1.5 and 7.5 mg/kg ATRA-treated     

Effects of isoflurane on ICAM-1 expression and neutrophils infiltration in rats with liver ischemia and reperfusion injury

Objective： To establish a rat model of warm partial hepatic ischemia-reperfusion （IR）, and investigate the protective and anti-inflammatory effects of isoflurane on warm hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury （IRI） in rats. Methods： Thirty-two female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided equally into 4 groups （n-8）： PB-Sham group in which the rats were anesthetized by intraperitoneal injection of pentobarbital sodium （1.0%, 40 mg/kg, PB） and received a sham operation without occlusion of liver blood flow; PB-IR group whose rats underwent partial hepatic IR after anesthesia; Iso-Sham group in which inhalation of 1.0 MAC isoflurane and sham operation was performed; Iso-IR group in which 1.0 MAC isoflurane was inhaled for 4 h and IR was performed. Rat model of warm partial hepatic IR was established by clamping the hepatic arteries and hilar vessels distributing to the left and median lobes to induce partial hepatic ischemia （70%） for 60 rain followed by reperfusion for 3 h. The rats were killed 3 h after declamping, and specimens of liver tissue and blood were obtained. The serum ALT and AST were detected as liver damage markers. Viability of myeloperoxidase （MPO） in liver was measured. The protein level of ICAM-1 in the liver was detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. Results： Rats treated with 1.0 MAC isoflurane during warm partial （70%） hepatic ischemia 60 rain and 3 h reperfusion had significantly lower serum ALT and AST compared with rats anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium subjected to hepatic IRI. The expression of ICAM-1 in hepatic tissue was significantly increased by hepatic IRI after pentobarbital sodium anesthesia. Isoflurane significantly inhibited protein expression of ICAM-1 in hepatic IR injury compared with pentobarbital sodium anesthesia. Viability of liver MPO was significantly increased by hepatic IRI after pentobarbital sodium anesthesia; Isoflurane can significantly inhibit MPO alteration in rat liver ischemia-reperfusion injury compared with rats anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium. Conclusion： Isoflurane anesthesia can attenuate liver IR injury in rats that maybe by inhibiting ICAM-I expression and reducing the infiltration of neutrophils.     

黄芪多糖对非酒精性脂肪肝病大鼠的治疗作用

目的 研究黄芪多糖（APS）对高脂饮食诱导的非酒精性脂肪肝病（NAFLD）大鼠的治疗作用。方法 取36只雄性SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组（8只）和疾病模型组（28只）,疾病模型组大鼠给予高脂饲料喂养6周建立NAFLD大鼠模型。取其中25只NAFLD模型大鼠随机分为NAFLD模型组（7只）、辛伐他汀组（9只,6.7 mg·kg^-1·d^-1辛伐他汀灌胃给药）和APS组（9只,700 mg·kg^-1·d^-1 APS灌胃给药）,正常对照组和NAFLD模型组大鼠给予相同体积双蒸水灌胃,各组均连续灌胃8周。比较各组大鼠的饮食量、能量摄入量、饮水量、排泄量和血清生物化学指标。采集大鼠肝脏组织计算肝脏指数,测定肝组织中总胆固醇（TC）和三酰甘油（TG）含量,并于光学显微镜下观察肝脏组织结构和细胞形态。结果 NAFLD模型组大鼠的能量摄入量高于正常对照组（P<0.05）,饮食量、饮水量和排泄量均低于正常对照组（P均<0.05）。辛伐他汀组和APS组大鼠的饮食量、能量摄入量、饮水量和排泄量与NAFLD模型组相比差异均无统计学意义,且两组间差异也均无统计学意义（P均>0.05）。与NAFLD模型组相比,辛伐他汀和APS组大鼠血清TC、TG、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇和丙二醛含量均降低（P均<0.05）,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量和总超氧化物歧化酶活性均增加（P均<0.05）,且肝组织中TC和TG含量以及肝脏指数和肝细胞内脂滴数目、脂滴面积均下降（P均<0.05）。APS组大鼠血清中葡萄糖、丙氨酸转氨酶和天冬氨酸转氨酶水平均低于NAFLD模型组（P均<0.05）,但辛伐他汀组与NAFLD模型组相比差异无统计学意义（P均>0.05）。结论 APS可有效调节NAFLD大鼠的血清葡萄糖、血脂和肝脏脂滴水平,其机制可能与APS的抗氧化作用有关。     

橙皮苷对小鼠抗氧化作用及抗氧化酶基因表达的影响

目的 探讨橙皮苷(HDN)对机体抗氧化作用的影响。方法 采用分光光度法、邻苯三酚自氧化法和Fe²⁺-邻二氮菲法检测HDN体外清除自由基、抑制线粒体肿胀和红细胞氧化溶血;实验小鼠灌服不同浓度HDN(0、80、160、320 mg/kg)连续12 d,ELISA和分光光度法检测小鼠组织中MDA含量,抗氧化酶(SOD、CAT、GSH-PX)活力,RT-PCR技术分析抗氧化物酶mRNA表达水平。结果 与对照组比较,HDN组自由基(·OH、O₂^-·、DPPH·)清除率明显提高,小鼠红细胞体外氧化溶血和线粒体肿胀显著降低;小鼠组织及血清中MDA含量降低,抗氧化酶SOD、CAT、GSH-PX活力明显高于对照组,组织中抗氧化酶mRNA(SOD、CAT、GSH-PX)表达上调。结论 HDN能够清除自由基,降低自由基引起的细胞氧化损伤,抑制过氧化物生成,上调抗氧化酶基因表达及提高酶活力,呈现良好的抗氧化作用。     

地鳖多糖提取物的体内外抗氧化作用

【摘要】 目的 研究地鳖多糖提取物体内外抗氧化作用。 方法 体外试验通过采用分光光度法、邻苯三酚自氧化法和Fe2 -邻二氮菲法分别检测地鳖多糖对二苯代苦味酰基自由基(DPPH?)、超氧阴离子自由基（O2-?）和羟自由基（OH?）的清除,检测体外红细胞氧化溶血和肝脏线粒体肿胀程度。体内试验采用小鼠连续灌胃不同剂量（0、40、80、160mg/kg）地鳖多糖提取物20天,硫代巴比妥酸（TBA）比色法法测定小鼠不同组织丙二醛（MDA）含量,分光光度法检测抗氧化酶（SOD、CAT、GSH-PX）活力 结果 与对照组比较,地鳖多糖组对自由基（DPPH?、O2-?和OH?）清除率随多糖浓度升高而显著提高;地鳖多糖浓度在0.4~2mg/mL范围内其对铁还原力逐渐提高;体外红细胞氧化溶血和线粒体肿胀显著降低。多糖组小鼠肝肾组织和血清中MDA含量降低,SOD、CAT、GSH-PX抗氧化酶活力提高并明显高于对照组。结论 地鳖多糖提取物能够清除自由基,降低自由基引起细胞氧化损伤,抑制组织中过氧化物生成,提高抗氧化酶活力,具有显著的体内外抗氧化作用。     

Effect of Early Hemofiltration on Pro- and Anti-inflammatory Responses and Multiple Organ Failure in Severe Acute Pancreatitis

Severeacute pancreatitis (SAP )progressesrapidlywithacomplicatedoutcomeandhighmortali ty .Themultipleorgandysfunctionsyndrome(MODS)inducedbytheoverreleaseofcytokineswhichisthemaincauseofpatients’deathsintheear lystage[1] .Hemofiltration (HF)isoneoftheblo…     

人羊膜间充质干细胞移植后慢性酒精性肝损伤大鼠血生化指标含量的变化

目的有研究表明人羊膜间充质干细胞(human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells,h AMSCs)具有多种分化和增殖功能,其可以诱导分化成肝样细胞,从而对肝损伤有一定的修复作用。方法体外复苏培养人羊膜间充质干细胞,66只健康雌性Wistar大鼠,随机取22只,不做任何处理为正常对照组,余44只采用白酒灌胃30 d的方式建立大鼠慢性酒精性肝损伤模型,建模后将其随机分为模型组(尾静脉注射1 m L PBS),h AMSCs组(经尾静脉注入1 m L h AMSCs(2×106个),每组各22只。于移植后4周,采用全自动生化分析仪分别检测各组大鼠血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、血清总胆红素(TBIL)、血清白蛋白(ALB)、血清总蛋白(Tp);同时检测检测各组大鼠肝脏超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、以及丙二醛(MDA)、IL-4含量变化;免疫荧光显微镜观察PKH-26标记的h AMSCs分布情况,TUNEL法检测各组肝细胞凋亡情况。结果各组大鼠血生化检测结果显示,与正常对照组比较,模型组中ALT、AST、TBIL、Tp含量均显著升高,而与模型组比较,h AMSCs移植组中ALT、AST、TBIL、Tp含量均显著下降(P0.05),与正常对照组比较,模型组中ALB含量明显下降,而与模型组比较,h AMSCs移植组中ALB含量明显升高(P0.05);与模型组比较,h AMSCs移植组SOD、GSH-PX、CAT含量均显著增高,MDA、IL-4含量均显著下降,与正常对照组比较,h AMSCs移植组SOD、GSH-PX、CAT含量均降低,MDA、IL-4含量均升高(P0.05);移植组可见移植的PKH-26标记阳性的h AMSCs细胞分布于肝脏组织内,其余各组未见此类细胞分布(P0.05);TUNEL法检测各组肝细胞凋亡可见凋亡细胞数,模型组最多(34.27±5.71),h AMSCs移植组次之(18.42±3.95),正常对照组未见凋亡细胞。结论人羊膜间充质干细胞移植能够改善大鼠肝硬化的血生化指标水平,h AMSCs移植后可以减轻慢性酒精性肝损伤大鼠的肝脏细胞凋亡。     

Comparative study on the protective effects of Yinchenhao Decoction (茵陈蒿汤) against liver injury induced by α-naphthylisothiocyanate and carbon tetrachloride

Objective:To optimize the animal model of liver injury that can properly represent the pathological characteristics of dampness-heat jaundice syndrome of traditional Chinese medicine.Methods:The liver injury in the model rat was induced byα-naphthylisothiocyanate(ANIT) and carbon tetrachloride(CCl_4) respectively,and the effects of Yinchenhao Decoction(茵陈蒿汤,YCHD),a proved effective Chinese medical formula for treating the dampness-heat jaundice syndrome in clinic,on the two liver injury models were evalu...     

Effect of Anluohuaxian Tablet Combined with γ-IFN on Schistosomal Liver Fibrosis

The therapeutic effects of anluohuaxian tablet combined with γ-IFN on schistosomal liver fibrosis and its mechanism were studied in a murine model and clinical cases of schistosomal liver fibrosis, Fifty Kunming mice were randomly divided into 5 groups： normal control group, infection control group, anluohuaxian tablet-treated group, γ-IFN-treated group and combined treatment （anluohuaian tablet＋γ-IFN） group. Pathologic changes in liver, including hepatic pigmentation and the size of schistosomal egg granuloma, were observed by HE staining after treatment for 8 weeks. The expression of the type Ⅰ and Ⅲ collagen, and TIMP-1 was detected by immunohistochemistry. TGF-β1 mRNA expression was examined by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR. Sixty patients with schistosomal liver fibrosis were divided into treatment group and control group. The patients in treatment group were treated with anluohuaxian tablet in combination with γ-IFN for 6 months. Before and after treatment, the changes of symptoms and signs, liver function, serum liver fibrosis indexes and imaging indexes were observed. The results showed that as compared with infection control group, all forms of treatments relieved the hepatic pathological injury with apparently diminished size of schistosomal egg nodules and decreased percentage of pigmentation （P〈0.05）. Furthermore, the expression of collagen Ⅰ and Ⅲ, TIMP-1, and TGF-β1 mRNA in combined treatment group was significantly decreased as compared with anluohuaxian tablet-treated and γ-IFN-treated groups （P〈0.05）. In the clinical observation, the serum liver fibrosis indexes, the portal vein width as well as the spleen thickness was significantly reduced in treatment group as compared with control group （P〈0.05）. It was concluded that the combined use of anluohuaxian tablet with γ-IFN in schistosomal liver fibrosis could protect liver function, alleviate liver fibrosis, and could be used as a choice in treating patients with schiatosomal liver fibrosis.     

慢性HBV感染不同状态下HBsAg定量的临床意义

目的 探讨HBsAg定量在慢性HBV感染自然史的不同阶段及HBV相关肝硬化中的临床意义。 方法 纳入慢性HBV感染患者185例,其中无肝硬化患者根据自然史分为免疫耐受组(n=34)、HBeAg阳性慢性乙型肝炎(chronic hepatitis B,CHB)组(n=25)、非活动携带组(n=24)及HBeAg阴性CHB组(n=34),肝硬化患者分为HBeAg阳性组(n=33)及HBeAg阴性组(n=35)。检测患者血清HBsAg、HBV DNA、ALT等指标。 结果 无肝硬化的慢性HBV感染患者HBsAg水平由高到低为:免疫耐受组[(4.60±0.32)log₁₀IU/ml)]、HBeAg阳性CHB组[(4.36±0.45)log₁₀IU/ml]、非活动携带组[(3.51±0.30)log₁₀IU/ml]、HBeAg阴性CHB组[(3.62±0.35)log₁₀IU/ml]。无肝硬化患者,年龄与HBsAg水平呈负相关(P=0.000);ALT与HBsAg水平无相关性(P=0.152)。免疫耐受及HBeAg阳性CHB组HBsAg水平与HBV DNA呈正相关(P=0.000,P=0.009)。HBeAg阳性肝硬化患者HBsAg水平[(4.27±1.33) log₁₀IU/ml]与HBeAg阴性患者[(3.81±1.07) log₁₀IU/ml]相似,HBsAg与年龄及ALT无相关性(P>0.05)。 结论 HBsAg水平在HBeAg阳性患者中可反映HBV DNA复制情况。无论有无肝硬化存在,HBsAg水平都不能反映肝组织炎性情况。     

Changes of CD4^＋CD25^＋ Regulatory T Cells in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome and the Effects of Atorvastatin

The function of CD4＋CD25＋ regulatory T lymphocytes （Treg） in patients with acute coronary syndrome （ACS） and the effects of atorvastatin were investigated. Forty-eight patients with ACS were randomly divided into two groups： group C receiving conventional therapy （n=24）, and group C＋A receiving conventional therapy＋atorvastatin （10 mg/day, n=24）. T lymphocytes from ACS patients （before and 2 weeks after the treatment） or 18 healthy subjects were separated and the flow cytometry was used to measure the percentage of Treg. The inhibitory ability of Treg on effector T cells was determined by mixed lymphocyte reaction （MLR）. ELISA was used to measure the serum levels of cytokines （IL-10, TGF-β1 and IFN-γ） before and after treatment. The results showed that as compared with normal control group, Treg percentage was decreased significantly （P〈0.01）, the inhibitory ability of Treg on the T lymphocytes proliferation was reduced （P〈0.01）, IFN-γ levels were increased and IL-10 and TGF-β1 levels were lowered in ACS patients. After treatment with atorvastatin, Treg percentage and the inhibitory ability of Treg on T lymphocytes proliferation were significantly increased in ACS patients. Serum IFN-γ was decreased significantly, while IL-10 and TGF-β1 were elevated significantly as compared with the non-atorvastatin group. The number of Treg was positively correlated with serum TGF-β1, but negatively with serum IFN-γ and CRP. It was concluded that ACS was associated with decreased number and defected function of Treg, which may play an important role in initiating immune-inflammatory response in ACS. The inhibitory effects of atorvastatin on inflammation in ACS may be due to its beneficial effects on Treg and restoration of immune homeostasis.     

小鼠肝脏中细胞角蛋白19阳性细胞的肝向分化特性

目的 明确小鼠肝脏中的细胞角蛋白19 (cytokeratin 19,CK19)阳性(CK19+)细胞是否可分化为成熟肝细胞.方法 利用CK19CreERT小鼠和Rosa26-GFP小鼠杂交得到CK19CreERT/Rosa26-GFP双转基因小鼠,注射他莫昔芬(tamoxifen,TM)后检测小鼠肝脏中CK19+细胞的GFP标记情况.在此基础上分别构建3,5-二乙氧基羰基-1,4-二氢-2,4,6-三甲基吡啶和四氯化碳(carbon tetrachloride,CCl4)肝脏损伤模型,采用肝脏组织冰冻切片结合免疫荧光染色检测肝脏中GFP标记的CK19+细胞的分化情况.结果 获得CK 19CreERT/Rosa26-GFP双转基因小鼠,免疫荧光染色结果显示CK19+细胞可被GFP标记.在DDC肝脏损伤模型小鼠中检测到增生性小胆管内有GFP+细胞,这些GFP+细胞表达胆管上皮细胞标志物CK19,且DDC肝损伤模型小鼠中GFP+胆管细胞比例高于未损伤对照组[(63.5±6.3)％ vs (53.6±4.8)％,P＜0.05];在CCl4肝损伤模型组小鼠中检测到肝脏实质细胞中有GFP+细胞,这些GFP+细胞表达成熟肝细胞标志物白蛋白(ALB),且CCl4肝损伤模型组小鼠肝脏中GFP+细胞比例高于未损伤对照组[(0.15±0.02)％vs (0.008±0.003)％,P＜0.01].结论 小鼠肝脏内的CK19+细胞群体中存在具有肝向分化潜能的前体细胞,可能为真正的肝干细胞的识别鉴定提供一个新线索.