Ebstein心脏畸形27例外科治疗分析

目的 总结Ebstein心脏畸形的临床解剖特点与外科治疗经验.方法 2006年2月至2011年2月手术治疗27例Ebstein畸形的患者,行单纯三尖瓣环成形术1例,行Danielson式折叠术5例,Carpentier式折叠术21例,其中5例患儿三尖瓣功能右心室发育差,加行双向Glenn术,2例心脏复跳后三尖瓣瓣叶关闭不良,大量反流,再次阻断行三尖瓣置换术.结果 全组无手术死亡;术后1～2周复查心脏超声见三尖瓣微量至轻度反流23例,中度反流4例.术后25例随访2个月～4年,平均(3.3±1.6)年,随访期间右心功能衰竭死亡1例;再次手术行三尖瓣置换1例;余23例心功能Ⅰ级16例,Ⅱ级5例,Ⅲ 级2例.结论 Ebstein畸形的患者三尖瓣修复是一项有效的手术,术中应根据患者的临床解剖特点,选择合适的手术方法,可有效地缓解患者的临床症状,提高患者的生活质量.     

三尖瓣置换术治疗Ebstein心脏畸形的临床研究

目的 评价三尖瓣置换术(TVR)治疗重症Ebstein心脏畸形的效果,分析手术适应证及个体化手术方案的选择.方法 回顾性收集安贞医院1993年5月至2007年6月32例Ebstein心脏畸形患者施行TVR的临床资料,采用Kaplan-Meier生存曲线计算中长期生存率和免除血栓栓塞率;对比分析人工瓣膜高位或原位缝合、房化心室折叠与否、三尖瓣保留与否的临床效果;并对死亡原因进行单因素分析和logistic回归分析.结果 住院死亡2例(6.25%).30例患者随访4.2±3.5年,3例发生瓣膜毁损,其中生物瓣2例,机械瓣血管翳形成1例,均再次施行TVR治疗.晚期死亡2例(6.67%),全组患者术后5年、10年生存率分别为92.1%±4.6%和86.5%±5.8%.发生血栓栓塞事件2例次,均经溶栓治疗成功,5年、10年无血栓栓塞率分别为91.3%±4.5%和82.3%±4.2%.生存28例患者术后6个月跨人工瓣膜压差为12.7±3.2mmHg;心功能Ⅰ级24例,Ⅱ级4例.人工瓣膜原位缝合者发生结性心律的比率显著高于高位缝合者(5例vs.1例,P=0.022),房化心室不折叠者的心室矛盾运动比率显著高于折叠者(6例vs.1例,P=0.024),保留三尖瓣与否对心功能的影响差异无统计学意义.单因素和多因素logistic回归分析发现,术前固有右心室/房化心室比率＜1、腹水为早期死亡的危险因素(P=0.023,0.025);术前腹水、下肢水肿为晚期死亡的危险因素(P=0.026, 0.019).结论 TVR是治疗重症Ebstein心脏畸形的有效方法,应根椐患者病理解剖情况个体化决定房化心室折叠与否、保留与不保留自体三尖瓣,但原位缝合患者发生结性心律的比率高于高位缝合者.     

Ebstein心脏畸形外科矫治39例

目的　总结Ebstein心脏畸形外科治疗经验。方法　回顾近 18年收治Ebstein畸形 39例 ,其中重型 8例 ,中间型 2 7例 ,轻型 4例。采用改良Danielson法矫正畸形 30例 ,其中 19例同时行瓣环成形 ,3例行瓣叶修补 ,6例行瓣交界成形 ;单纯三尖瓣成形 3例 ;Minale法修复 1例 ;双向上腔静脉—肺动脉连接和三尖瓣成形 1例 ;4例行三尖瓣置换。结果　 2例 (成形和换瓣各 1例 )术后早期死于右心衰竭(5 1% )。成形术后三尖瓣功能正常 2 7例 (77 1% ) ,轻至中度关闭不全 5例 (14 3 % ) ,中至重度关闭不全 3例 (8 6 % )。生存者随访 0 5～ 18年 ,平均 8 6年。 33例心功能I级 ,3例心功能II级 (成形 2例、瓣膜替换 1例 ) ,1例行人工瓣置换者术后顽固性右心衰竭 ,于 1年后失访。结论　Ebstein畸形应尽早外科治疗。修复成形多能矫正畸形 ,重症者可同时行双向腔—肺动脉连接术     

Ebstein畸形的外科治疗

目的总结Ebstein畸形(Ebstein anomaly)的手术治疗经验,以提高临床疗效。方法 2005年5月至2010年9月济宁医学院附属医院手术治疗Ebstein畸形21例,其中男7例,女14例;年龄3～46(17±11)岁。心功能分级(NYHA)Ⅰ级7例,Ⅱ级10例,Ⅲ～Ⅳ级4例;超声心动图提示:三尖瓣重度反流12例,中度反流4例,轻度反流5例;全组患者中1例行三尖瓣置换术,20例行三尖瓣成形术,采用Danielson法2例,Carpentier法18例,其中5例行一个半心室矫治术;同期矫治合并畸形。结果术后无死亡,术后发生低心排血量及室性心律失常各1例,经积极治疗痊愈;复查超声心动图提示:三尖瓣反流减轻。术后随访1个月～5年,7例三尖瓣反流消失;13例存在轻度三尖瓣反流;1例三尖瓣反流加重,心功能不全,于术后3年行三尖瓣置换术,术后心功能恢复至Ⅰ～Ⅱ级。结论 Ebstein畸形是一种少见的先天性心脏病,采用Carpentier法施行三尖瓣成形效果良好;对三尖瓣和右心室发育不良患者施行一个半心室矫治,有利于改善右心功能。     

Ebstein心脏畸形139例手术治疗经验

目的：总结Ebstein心脏畸形手术治疗的经验。方法：回顾性分析1980年6月至2000年1月手术治疗139例Ebstein心脏畸形病人。其中行三尖瓣成形、房化右心室折叠和三尖瓣环DeVega成形111例，三尖瓣置换术27例，右心室发育不全行心外管道全腔静脉-肺动脉连接术（ETCPC）1例。结果：全组手术死亡12例（8.6％）；近10年手术死亡率降至3.3％。成形组中10例再次行瓣膜置换术，均生存。结论：对Ebstein心脏畸形应根据其美丽解剖特征选择手术方案，轻型可选用三尖瓣成形术；中间A型可选用成形术，中间B型应慎重选择成形或瓣膜置换术；重型选用瓣膜置换术。     

改良三尖瓣成形环技术治疗继发性三尖瓣关闭不全的中期效果

目的 总结改良三尖瓣环成形技术的近、中期疗效.方法 2002年8月至2007年12月,连续158例左心系统瓣膜病变合并三尖瓣关闭不全患者行三尖瓣环成形手术治疗.158例患者中,男74例,女84例;年龄(47.3±12.0)岁.肺动脉收缩压(53.4±19.8)mm Hg(1 mm Hg =0.133 kPa).三尖瓣轻度反流患者66例(41.8％),中度反流54例(34.2％),重度反流38例(24.0％).术前轻度反流组三尖瓣瓣口直径(38.2±4.9) mm,中度反流组(47.0±11.6) mm,重度反流组(44.5±8.9) mm,P＜0.001.轻、中、重度反流组左心室射血分数分别为0.59±0.08、0.59±0.06、0.58±0.09,差异无统计学意义,P=0.73.三尖瓣成形手术适应证为中-大量三尖瓣反流或中度以上肺动脉高压病例(肺动脉收缩压＞40 mm Hg).应用Cosgrove-Edwards成形环进行改良三尖瓣环成形术,在经典术式基础上尽可能采用小号三尖瓣成形环和隔瓣部分固定技术.通过多元回归和生存分析方法,评价近、中期疗效.结果术后少、中、大量反流组病例三尖瓣环缩小值分别为(12.4±5.6) mm、(20.8±11.5)mm、(18.6±8.3) mm,三尖瓣环少量反流组瓣口直径环缩幅度显著小于中、重度反流组(P＜0.001).术后早期中量反流组1例患者死亡.术后157例患者获得中期随访,随访中位数为49.1个月.随访期间3例出现三尖瓣中、大量反流,其中,术前中度反流组1例,重度反流组2例,组间差异无统计学意义,P=0.06.中期随访中9例死亡,其中术前轻度反流组3例,中度反流组2例,重度反流组4例,组间差异无统计学意义,P=0.10.结论 应用Cosgrove-Edwards成形环进行改良三尖瓣环成形术治疗左心系统瓣膜病变合并三尖瓣关闭不全中期效果良好.     

基于倾向性得分匹配对心包软环成形术治疗功能性三尖瓣关闭不全的疗效研究

目的比较心包软环三尖瓣成形术与DeVega成形术、人工瓣环成形术的手术疗效。方法回顾性分析因风湿性心脏病合并功能性三尖瓣关闭不全行三尖瓣成形术的227例患者临床资料, 按三尖瓣成形术分成3组动态队列:心包环组(89例)、人工瓣环组(61例)、DeVega组(77例), 分别进行1∶1倾向性得分匹配(匹配A:心包环组与人工瓣环组, 匹配B:心包环组与DeVega组), 成功匹配后纳入随访和资料收集, 随访过程中临床资料不完整的患者按匹配情况成对移出研究队列。比较术后1、6、24个月的随访结果。结果术后1个月各组的三尖瓣反流均较术前明显减少甚至消失, 右心房及右心室也较术前缩小, 差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后6个月各组的三尖瓣反流面积、右心房/室内径与术后1个月的结果对比, 差异无统计学意义(P>0.05), 三尖瓣反流复发率各组之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后24个月匹配A中的两组在三尖瓣反流复发率、三尖瓣反流面积、右心房/室内径的差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);匹配B中的心包环组与Devega组的右心房/室内径的差异无统计学意义, 但De...     

三尖瓣置换术围术期及中长期临床效果分析

目的 评价三尖瓣置换术围术期及中长期疗效,并比较在三尖瓣位置生物瓣和机械瓣置换的相对优缺点和适应证,以提高该类手术的疗效. 方法 回顾性分析1992年4月至2008年2月收治的128例行三尖瓣置换术患者的围术期疗效及中长期随访结果 ,并按首次三尖瓣置换所采用的瓣膜种类不同分为机械瓣组(89例)和生物瓣组(39例).采用Kaplan-Meier曲线计算该类患者的中长期生存率和中长期人工瓣膜相关事件(包括血栓栓塞和人工瓣膜血栓形成、抗凝相关性出血、人工瓣膜毁损事件)的发生率.用 Binary logistic回归对三尖瓣置换患者早期、晚期死亡的危险因素进行多因素分析. 结果 围术期死亡19例(14.84%).随访103例(94.5%),6例失访,随访时间4.93±2.92年,随访期间死亡11例(10.7%).生物瓣组10年生存率为65.6%±17.4%,机械瓣组为68.7%±10.8%(Log-rank 检验, χ2=0.74,P=0.390).生物瓣组5年无血栓栓塞事件率为92.3%±7.4%,机械瓣组为87.1%±4.6%(Log-rank 检验,χ2=0.962,P=0.327).生物瓣组和机械瓣组10年无出血事件发生率分别为100%和79.7%±9.7%(Log-rank检验, χ2=1.483,P=0.223).9例患者行再次三尖瓣置换术,生物瓣组7年无再次手术率为71.1%±18.0%,机械瓣组10年无再次手术率为78.8%±10.2%(Log-rank检验, χ2=2.76,P=0.096).Binary logistic多因素分析结果 显示:三尖瓣置换术前有心脏手术史、腹水是早期死亡的危险因素,而术前有腹水、术前心功能分级(NYHA)Ⅲ/Ⅳ级、置换多个瓣膜为晚期死亡的危险因素. 结论 对重度三尖瓣反流,应该较早或较积极地施行三尖瓣手术,以防止右心功能进行性衰竭,而影响三尖瓣置换术的近期及中长期生存率和生活质量.在三尖瓣置换术中,机械瓣和生物瓣有相似的中长期效果.     

风湿性三尖瓣疾病成形术的中期疗效CSCD

目的 总结风湿性三尖瓣疾病（RTVD）的特点及成形的中期疗效.方法 2009年1月至2016年6月共251例风湿性心脏病患者接受手术治疗,术中诊断RTVD 39例.其中中度及以上三尖瓣反流（TR）32例,与同期中度及以上功能性三尖瓣反流（FTR）59例进行比较,评估RTVD的特点.39例RTVD患者按手术方式2组：人工环组33例和非人工环组6例（改良De Vega线性成形4例、瓣缘对合2例）,同期交界切开13例,自体心包加宽三尖瓣前叶1例.共22例获得中期（〉1年）超声心动图随访资料,平均随访（45.5±25.1）个月.结果 与FTR患者相比,RTVD患者三尖瓣瓣环直径（TAD）较小[术前超声心动图测量值（37.0±5.7）mm对（41.9±6.7）mm,P=0.018;术中测量值,（35.6±4.1）mm对（39.9±6.5）mm,P=0.000],术前肺动脉收缩压较低[（53.8±19.4）mmHg对（63.6±21.5）mmHg,P=0.037）]（1 mmHg=0.133 kPa）,而TR更严重（3.1±0.8对2.6±0.7,P=0.004）.术后两组均无死亡,无残余中量及以上TR.与非人工环组相比,人工环组患者术后早期TR改善更满意（0.2±0.4对0.7±0.5,P=0.039）,随访时TR较轻（0.8±0.5对1.3±1.9,P〉0.050）.两组术后早期及随访时的肺动脉收缩压、舒张期三尖瓣前向流速和峰值跨瓣压差差异均无统计学意义.结论 与FTR相比,RTVD患者瓣环直径小、肺动脉收缩压低,但TR程度重;人工环成形术与其他成形术式中期疗效满意.     

Ebstein综合征的外科治疗

目的总结Ebstein综合征的外科治疗经验。方法回顾性分析2006年2月至2010年6月济宁医学院附属医院23例Ebstein综合征患者经外科手术治疗的临床资料,其中男5例,女18例;年龄3～40(15.0±7.6)个月。行单纯三尖瓣环成形术1例,Danielson式折叠术5例,Carpentier式折叠术16例(其中5例患者三尖瓣和功能右心室发育差,加行双向Glenn手术),心脏复跳后三尖瓣关闭不全,有大量反流,再次阻断主动脉行三尖瓣置换术1例。结果无手术死亡,术后出现频发性室性早搏4例,室性心动过速2例,Ⅲ°房室传导阻滞1例,均于术后1周内恢复。术后1～2周复查心脏超声心动图提示:三尖瓣有微量至轻度反流19例,中度反流3例。随访19例,随访时间0.5～4.0(3.3±1.6)年,随访期间因右心功能衰竭死亡1例,再次手术行三尖瓣置换术1例;心功能分级(NYHA)Ⅰ级12例,Ⅱ级4例,Ⅲ级2例。失访4例。结论三尖瓣修复术是治疗Ebstein综合征有效的手术方式,可有效地缓解患者的临床症状,改善血流动力学,促进右心室功能的恢复,提高患者的生活质量。     

人工血管环代成形环治疗三尖瓣关闭不全56例

目的探讨以人工血管环代替成形环治疗三尖瓣关闭不全的临床效果。方法回顾性分析第二军医大学长海医院2000年7月至2010年7月收治三尖瓣关闭不全56例患者的临床资料,其中男24例,女32例;年龄14～73(45.7±21.8)岁;均经心脏彩色多普勒超声心动图明确诊断为三尖瓣中度至大量反流(瞬时反流量>6 ml),其中风湿性心脏瓣膜病47例,先天性心脏病三尖瓣下移畸形9例。均采用人工血管环代替成形环治疗三尖瓣关闭不全。结果全组患者无早期死亡。术后1个月心脏超声心动图提示无三尖瓣关闭不全或轻度关闭不全,发生并发症3例,其中术后呼吸功能衰竭1例,肾功能不全1例,开胸止血1例。远期随访48例,平均随访3.8(1.0～9.5)年,无晚期死亡,发生抗凝并发症(脑梗死)1例;心功能分级(NYHA):Ⅰ级16例,Ⅱ级26例,Ⅲ级6例。随访期间超声心动图检查提示:三尖瓣无关闭不全36例,轻度关闭不全10例,中度关闭不全2例,无严重并发症。结论人工血管环代替成形环治疗三尖瓣关闭不全可以取得较满意的早期和中期的临床疗效,可作为治疗三尖瓣关闭不全的手术方法之一。     

Ebstein畸形的再次手术策略及中远期结果分析

目的分析Ebstein畸形的再次手术策略及中远期结果。方法回顾性分析阜外医院2002年7月至2017年7月因三尖瓣反流行再次三尖瓣手术的23例Ebstein畸形患者的临床资料(同期手术共421例),其中男9例(39.1%)、女14例(60.9%),中位年龄28.0(19.0,45.0)岁。结果8例(34.8%)患者行瓣膜再修复,15例(65.2%)行瓣膜置换。入组患者中,2012年之前的瓣膜修复率16.7%,2012年采用Cone重建技术后,瓣膜修复率54.5%(P=0.089)。瓣膜修复组中,采用Danielson或Carpentier技术成形3例(37.5%),Cone重建5例(62.5%)。无手术死亡,早期并发症3例(37.5%)。中位随访时间6.9(3.0~15.1)年,无不良事件。瓣膜置换组中,7例(46.7%)行机械瓣置换,8例(53.3%)行生物瓣置换。无手术死亡,早期并发症3例(20.0%)。中位随访时间6.5(2.5~15.3)年,死亡1例(6.3%),远期并发症4例(26.7%)。结论Ebstein畸形再发三尖瓣关闭不全的二次手术近、远期生存状况良好,再手术率低。Cone重建技术增加了瓣膜二次修复成功的可能性,降低了瓣膜置换的几率。三尖瓣置换术仍是可选的替代方法,生物瓣较机械瓣可能是更好的选择。     

Tricuspid valve replacement in children

Between 1974 and January, 1986, 11 children underwent 13 tricuspid valve replacements at the Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto. Age at operation ranged from 24 hours to 14.5 years (mean, 6.9 years). Morphology of the tricuspid valves included Ebstein's anomaly (6 patients), congenital tricuspid regurgitation (3), tricuspid regurgitation and univentricular heart (1), and previous tricuspid valve excision for acute endocarditis (1). There were 4 early deaths: the 3 youngest infants in the series (age 1 day to 16 days) and another child who underwent emergency valve replacement died. On follow-up to 13 years after valve replacement, there were 2 late deaths and two reoperations. Both reoperations were for calcified degenerative tissue prostheses 6.5 and 9 years following implantation. The estimated 5-year survival based on a collected review of data from the literature is 68 +/- 9% for children with prosthetic tricuspid valves. Although tissue valve durability is better in the tricuspid position than on the systemic side of the circulation, calcification does result in late dysfunction. Tricuspid valve repair should always be carried out when possible, especially in the infant group. Elective prosthetic valve replacement in older children can be performed with reasonable operative risk and reasonable late results.     

Retrospective analysis of stage I Norwood procedures with tricuspid valve insufficiency in the past 5 years

Moderate/severe tricuspid valve regurgitation is one of the important risk factors affecting outcome after the Norwood procedure. We now evaluate tricuspid valves more precisely echocardiographically and manage tricuspid valve regurgitation even when performing the stage I Norwood procedure. We reviewed all patients (tricuspid valve regurgitation moderate/severe group=10, mild/trivial non-regurgitation group=19) who underwent the stage I Norwood procedure with a ventricle to pulmonary artery conduit in our institution between January 2001 and March 2006. Four of 10 patients with tricuspid valve regurgitation underwent tricuspid valvuloplasty in the stage I procedure. We controlled pulmonary flow in all patients with tricuspid valve regurgitation by clipping the conduit. Tricuspid valve regurgitation improved significantly after the stage I Norwood procedure in all patients (P<0.01). Operative mortality was similar in the two groups. There were no significant differences of the actuarial overall survival rate in both groups (P=0.38, log-rank test). Follow-up is complete in all patients. The rate of final repair completion was similar in the two groups (regurgitation, 5/10; non-regurgitation, 10/19). Appropriate pulmonary flow control and surgical repair in the Norwood procedure improved the outcome in terms of postoperative survival in patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome who had moderate/severe tricuspid valve regurgitation.     

人工瓣环成形术与其联合"缘对缘"瓣膜成形术治疗重度三尖瓣关闭不全

目的 总结人工瓣环成形术与人工瓣环联合"缘对缘"瓣膜成形术的治疗重度三尖瓣反流(TR)的治疗效果.方法 2001年4月至2010年5月间因重度TR行三尖瓣成形术41例,其中单纯人工瓣环成形(R组)21例,人工瓣环联合"缘对缘"瓣膜成形(E组)20例.所有病人均经术前、术后早期(出院时)及术后中长期经胸超声心动图检查,观察三尖瓣瓣叶对合情况,以三尖瓣反流束面积(TRA)/右房面积(RAA)定量测定反流程度,三尖瓣口面积、肺动脉压及心功能测定.结果 出院时R组7例无或微量TR,12例轻度TR,2例中度TR,轻、中度者均有前、隔叶对合不良;E组13例无或微量TR,7例轻度TR.随访6～100个月,平均(54.8±26.7)个月,R组5例无或微量TR,11例轻度TR,4例中度TR、1例重度TR,轻至重度者均有前、隔叶对合不良,1例重度者再次实施"缘对缘"瓣膜成形术;E组无三尖瓣狭窄,10例无或微量TR,9例轻度TR,1例中度TR.人工瓣环成形联合"缘对缘"瓣膜成形术中长期TRA/RAA比值显著低于单纯人工瓣环成形术者(P<0.01).结论 对于三尖瓣瓣缘对合不良及其瓣环扩张引起的重度TR者,人工瓣环成形联合"缘对缘"瓣膜成形技术能够更有效地减少术后三尖瓣残余反流以及TR的复发.

Abstract：

Objective To analyze whether association of edge to edge valve repair to artificial ring annuloplasty would result in better results in patients with severe tricuspid regurgitation (TR).Methods From April,2001 to May,2010,41 patients underwent tricuspid valve repair to treat severe TR were studied.Twenty-one patients were done artificial ring annuloplasty alone (group R) and twenty patients were done artificial ring annuloplasty associated with edge to edge valve repair ( group E).All the patients received echocardiography before surgery,before discharge and in mid and long-term follow-up.The ratio between TR jet area (TRA) and right atrial area (RAA) was used to quantitatively evaluate the seriousness of TR.Movement of tricuspid valve leaflets,tricuspid valve orifice area,pulmonary artery pressure ( PAP),left ventricular ejection fraction ( LVEF) were obserbed to evaluate heart function.Results At discharge in group R,no or trivial TR was presented in 7 patients,mild TR in 12 patients and moderate TR in 2 patient.Bad apposition of the free edges of anterior and septal leaflets was observed in paients with mild and moderate TR.While in group E,no or trivial TR was presented in 13 patients and mild TR in 7 patients.The follow-up ranged from 6 months to 100 months[average (54.8 ±26.7) months].In group R,no or trivial TR was present in 5 patients,mild TR in 11 patients,moderate TR in 4 patients and severe in 1 patient.Bad apposition of the free edges of anterior and septal leaflets was observed in paients with mild to severe TR.Redo tricuspid valve repair was done in one patient in group R for recurrent severe TR and the edge-to-edge valve repair was utilized.In group E,no tricuspid stenosis was found.No or trivial TR was presented in 10 patients,mild TR in 9 patients and moderate TR in 1 patient.The ratio of TRA/RAA of group R was significantly higher than that of group E (0.25 ±0.16 vs.0.13±0.10,P < 0.01).Conclusion Association of edge-to-edge valve technique to artificial ring annuloplasty was safe and effective for treatment of severe tricuspid regurgitation due to bad apposition of free edges of tricuspid leaflets and dilatation of tricuspid annulus,.It could decrease the incidence of residual tricuspid regurgitation and prevent the recurrence of severe tricuspid regurgitation.     

改良术式矫正Ebstein畸形

目的　报告改良术式改善重症Ebstein畸形隔、后瓣下移明显、前瓣发育差、功能右室小、手术矫正困难者的手术疗效。方法　 1997年 6月至 1999年 8月用改良术式对 8例Ebstein畸形施行了手术矫正 (改良组 )。并与采用Hardy、Carpentier等术式矫正及三尖瓣置换共 5 5例病人 (对照组 )的疗效进行了跟踪随访比较。结果　改良组无死亡 ,与对照组比较 ,术后心功能的恢复及三尖瓣反流的改善效果更好。结论　改良术式扩大了右心室形态及三尖瓣重建的手术适应证范围 ,使部分重症病人避免了瓣膜置换术的并发症。对隔、后瓣下移明显且前瓣发育不良的病人消除了术后三尖瓣反流并在保持左、右心室几何形态和功能方面效果显著     

Case-matched comparison of mitral valve replacement and repair

Carpentier's techniques of prosthetic ring mitral valve repair for mitral regurgitation offer the potential for immediate and long-term improvement in valve function without the necessity of replacing the native valve with a prosthesis. A consecutive, case-matched series of 65 patients with prosthetic ring mitral valve repair was compared with 65 patients undergoing mitral valve replacement for mitral regurgitation. The aortic cross-clamp time was 57 +/- 33 minutes in the repair operations and 41 +/- 25 minutes in the replacement operations (p = 0.003). The cardiopulmonary bypass time was 154 +/- 44 minutes in the repair operations and 113 +/- 41 minutes in the replacement operations (p = 0.0001). There were no myocardial infarctions in the hospital in either group. Hospital death was noted in 1.5% of repairs and 4.6% of replacements (p = not significant). Survival at 4 years was 0.84 for repairs and 0.82 for replacements (p = not significant). Freedom from reoperation to replace the mitral valve at 4 years was 62 of 65 patients in the repair group and 64 of 65 patients in the replacement group (p = not significant). In-hospital and midterm results in a closely matched population show that mitral valve repair yields results comparable with those of replacement despite a more difficult procedure. The benefits of maintaining the native valve with chordal and papillary muscle structure intact and avoidance of prosthetic valve implantation may then become apparent with longer follow-up.     

Two staged Starnes operation for Ebstein’s anomaly with pulmonary atresia in early infancy —A report of a successful case—

Severe tricuspid valve regurgitation and decreased pulmonary blood flow in neonatal Ebstein’s anomaly with pulmonary atresia, may result in cardiac respiratory failure and hypoxemia. The poor natural course and lack of standard surgical treatment make treatment for neonatal Ebstein’s anomaly very difficult. The Blalock-Taussig operation was performed for hypoxemia in Ebstein’s anomaly associated with pulmonary atresia and severe tricuspid regurgitation on 36th day after birth. On the 63rd day after birth, tricuspid valve orifice closure and right atrium plication (Starnes procedure) were accomplished under cardiopulmonary bypass. Heart failure became controllable and the patient condtion was satisfactory at one year after surgery.     

Tricuspid valve repair. Operative and follow-up evaluation by Doppler color flow mapping

Severe tricuspid regurgitation may produce significant morbidity and mortality if not corrected, but commonly used methods of intraoperative assessment may be unreliable. Tricuspid regurgitation was evaluated by a new intraoperative technique, Doppler color flow mapping, in 85 patients before and after cardiopulmonary bypass. Regurgitation grade by intraoperative color Doppler mapping correlated well with right ventricular angiography (kappa value = 0.92, p less than 0.01; n = 8) and with preoperative color Doppler studies (kappa = 0.71, p less than 0.05; n = 51). The right atrial V wave correlated poorly with the severity of tricuspid regurgitation intraoperatively, both before (r = 0.30) and after (r = -0.05, p = no significant difference) cardiopulmonary bypass. Advanced (3+ or 4+) tricuspid regurgitation was found in 40% (21) of 52 patients requiring mitral valve repair or replacement. Tricuspid annuloplasty with a prosthetic ring provided a significant (greater than or equal to 2 grade) reduction in regurgitation severity in 94% (17/18; p less than 0.05). Without repair, tricuspid regurgitation decreased to a similar degree after mitral valve operations in 14% (5/36); only one of the five patients had advanced tricuspid regurgitation prepump. Fluid filling of the arrested right ventricle after the surgical procedure did not predict regurgitation severity (false negative rate 50%, 2/4; false positive rate 22%, 2/9). Regurgitation grade remained unchanged after the initial postpump study, up to 60 weeks postoperatively. In conclusion, color Doppler flow mapping provides more accurate intraoperative assessment of tricuspid regurgitation than the right atrial V wave or fluid filling of the right ventricle. This semiquantitative technique aids in the selection of patients appropriate for surgical repair of the tricuspid valve and is useful in judging the adequacy of tricuspid valve repair before chest closure. Advanced (3+ or 4+) tricuspid regurgitation is a common occurrence in patients undergoing mitral valve repair or replacement and rarely responds to conservative (nonoperative) management. Ring annuloplasty provides a highly effective and durable reduction in tricuspid regurgitation.     

Impact of preoperative and postoperative atrial fibrillation on outcome after mitral valvuloplasty for nonischemic mitral regurgitation

OBJECTIVE: We sought to determine the impact of preoperative or postoperative atrial fibrillation on survival, stroke, and cardiac function after mitral valvuloplasty for mitral regurgitation. METHODS: Between 1991 and 2003, 1026 patients with nonischemic/noncardiomyopathy mitral valve regurgitation underwent mitral valve plasty in 3 centers; 663 patients remained in sinus rhythm (group A), and 363 patients had atrial fibrillation or flutter preoperatively (group B) with concomitant maze procedures (group BM, n = 163) or without maze procedures (group BN, n = 200). RESULTS: Eight-year freedom from cardiovascular-related death was better in group A (99.3%) than group B (BM: 96.9%, BN: 81.6%) ( P < .001) and also better in group BM than group BN ( P = .007). The adjusted hazard ratio of group B versus group A for preoperative differences was 5.1 (95% confidence interval: 1.8-14.8). Eight-year freedom from stroke was better in group A (99.2%) than group B (BM: 98.2%, BN: 82.6%) ( P < .001) and also better in group BM than group BN ( P < .001). Patients with preoperative atrial fibrillation had larger left atria and left ventricular systolic dimensions. The adjunct maze procedure improved left ventricular systolic dimensions over mitral repair alone (group A vs B: P = .359; group BM vs BN: P = .001). CONCLUSION: Preoperative permanent/persistent atrial fibrillation was associated with a dilated left atrium and reduced left ventricular function in patients with mitral regurgitation. Including the maze procedure with mitral repair improved survival, late cardiac function, and freedom from late stroke.