风湿性心脏病器质性三尖瓣病变的外科治疗

报告１９８７年５月～１９９５年６月手术治疗风心病器质性三尖瓣病变４２例。３１例施行瓣膜成形术，１１例施行瓣膜置换术。手术死亡１例，远期随诊３８例，２例远期死亡。成形者远期复诊２５例，６例仍有右心衰或超声心动图检测三尖瓣返流在中度以上。三尖瓣置换者远期无右心衰表现，人工瓣功能良好。作者认为多数器质性三尖瓣病变可用成形术矫治，但如瓣叶明显增厚、变形及成形不满意者应积极行瓣膜置换。     

Ebstein心脏畸形27例外科治疗分析

目的 总结Ebstein心脏畸形的临床解剖特点与外科治疗经验.方法 2006年2月至2011年2月手术治疗27例Ebstein畸形的患者,行单纯三尖瓣环成形术1例,行Danielson式折叠术5例,Carpentier式折叠术21例,其中5例患儿三尖瓣功能右心室发育差,加行双向Glenn术,2例心脏复跳后三尖瓣瓣叶关闭不良,大量反流,再次阻断行三尖瓣置换术.结果 全组无手术死亡;术后1～2周复查心脏超声见三尖瓣微量至轻度反流23例,中度反流4例.术后25例随访2个月～4年,平均(3.3±1.6)年,随访期间右心功能衰竭死亡1例;再次手术行三尖瓣置换1例;余23例心功能Ⅰ级16例,Ⅱ级5例,Ⅲ 级2例.结论 Ebstein畸形的患者三尖瓣修复是一项有效的手术,术中应根据患者的临床解剖特点,选择合适的手术方法,可有效地缓解患者的临床症状,提高患者的生活质量.     

改良Carpentier法矫治三尖瓣下移畸形

目的探讨改良Carpentier法矫治三尖瓣下移畸形(Ebstein畸形)的手术方法,总结其临床经验。方法回顾性分析2006年6月至2010年8月安徽医科大学第一附属医院13例Ebstein畸形患者手术治疗的临床资料,其中男6例,女7例;年龄(26.8±13.5)岁。所有患者均采用改良Carpentier法矫治,手术方法包括:切除部分房化右心室,折叠环缩三尖瓣瓣环至适当的大小,用自体心包片扩大后瓣叶/隔瓣叶,移位缝合切下的部分前瓣叶(向内旋转后)、后瓣及隔瓣叶缝至正常的瓣环水平,移位相应的乳头肌、腱索,扩大修复瓣叶,加固瓣环,并矫正其他合并的心血管畸形。结果所有患者术后均恢复顺利,无死亡。超声心动图提示:三尖瓣功能良好,三尖瓣瓣叶均在正常位置;三尖瓣有轻度至中度反流3例,无反流或有轻微反流10例。心功能分级(NYHA)I～Ⅱ级。所有患者均得到随访,随访时间3～15个月,平均8个月。术后3个月和1年分别复查超声心动图提示:三尖瓣启闭及右心室功能良好,三尖瓣无明显反流12例,1例出院时三尖瓣有中度反流患者转为轻度反流。所有患者恢复正常的生活或工作。结论改良Carpentier法矫治Ebstein畸形有较好的近期疗效,该手术方法切除无功能的房化右心室后重新缝合塑形,有利于右心室形态重建和功能恢复,通过自体心包片扩大瓣叶、充分的瓣叶移位及后乳头肌、腱索移位重建可达到良好的瓣膜成形效果。     

Ebstein心脏畸形外科矫治39例

目的　总结Ebstein心脏畸形外科治疗经验。方法　回顾近 18年收治Ebstein畸形 39例 ,其中重型 8例 ,中间型 2 7例 ,轻型 4例。采用改良Danielson法矫正畸形 30例 ,其中 19例同时行瓣环成形 ,3例行瓣叶修补 ,6例行瓣交界成形 ;单纯三尖瓣成形 3例 ;Minale法修复 1例 ;双向上腔静脉—肺动脉连接和三尖瓣成形 1例 ;4例行三尖瓣置换。结果　 2例 (成形和换瓣各 1例 )术后早期死于右心衰竭(5 1% )。成形术后三尖瓣功能正常 2 7例 (77 1% ) ,轻至中度关闭不全 5例 (14 3 % ) ,中至重度关闭不全 3例 (8 6 % )。生存者随访 0 5～ 18年 ,平均 8 6年。 33例心功能I级 ,3例心功能II级 (成形 2例、瓣膜替换 1例 ) ,1例行人工瓣置换者术后顽固性右心衰竭 ,于 1年后失访。结论　Ebstein畸形应尽早外科治疗。修复成形多能矫正畸形 ,重症者可同时行双向腔—肺动脉连接术     

三尖瓣置换术围术期及中长期临床效果分析

目的 评价三尖瓣置换术围术期及中长期疗效,并比较在三尖瓣位置生物瓣和机械瓣置换的相对优缺点和适应证,以提高该类手术的疗效. 方法 回顾性分析1992年4月至2008年2月收治的128例行三尖瓣置换术患者的围术期疗效及中长期随访结果 ,并按首次三尖瓣置换所采用的瓣膜种类不同分为机械瓣组(89例)和生物瓣组(39例).采用Kaplan-Meier曲线计算该类患者的中长期生存率和中长期人工瓣膜相关事件(包括血栓栓塞和人工瓣膜血栓形成、抗凝相关性出血、人工瓣膜毁损事件)的发生率.用 Binary logistic回归对三尖瓣置换患者早期、晚期死亡的危险因素进行多因素分析. 结果 围术期死亡19例(14.84%).随访103例(94.5%),6例失访,随访时间4.93±2.92年,随访期间死亡11例(10.7%).生物瓣组10年生存率为65.6%±17.4%,机械瓣组为68.7%±10.8%(Log-rank 检验, χ2=0.74,P=0.390).生物瓣组5年无血栓栓塞事件率为92.3%±7.4%,机械瓣组为87.1%±4.6%(Log-rank 检验,χ2=0.962,P=0.327).生物瓣组和机械瓣组10年无出血事件发生率分别为100%和79.7%±9.7%(Log-rank检验, χ2=1.483,P=0.223).9例患者行再次三尖瓣置换术,生物瓣组7年无再次手术率为71.1%±18.0%,机械瓣组10年无再次手术率为78.8%±10.2%(Log-rank检验, χ2=2.76,P=0.096).Binary logistic多因素分析结果 显示:三尖瓣置换术前有心脏手术史、腹水是早期死亡的危险因素,而术前有腹水、术前心功能分级(NYHA)Ⅲ/Ⅳ级、置换多个瓣膜为晚期死亡的危险因素. 结论 对重度三尖瓣反流,应该较早或较积极地施行三尖瓣手术,以防止右心功能进行性衰竭,而影响三尖瓣置换术的近期及中长期生存率和生活质量.在三尖瓣置换术中,机械瓣和生物瓣有相似的中长期效果.     

圆锥(Cone)重建技术在三尖瓣下移畸形应用的初步体验

目的总结对三尖瓣下移畸形患者行Cone重建的临床体验及预后。方法回顾性分析广东省人民医院2012年1月至2015年2月行Cone重建技术治Ebstein畸形患者10例的临床资料,男女各5例,中位年龄20.1(4~57)岁;Carpentier分型A型2例、B型4例、介于B型和C型之间2例、C型2例。根据其临床资料分析采用Cone重建的三尖瓣下移畸形患者的临床特征及预后。结果所纳入10例患者截至最近一次随访均无死亡。术后1例患者出现心律失常。术毕经食管心脏B超示患者三尖瓣反流面积平均值为(1.4±1.8)cm~2,术后出院前三尖瓣反流面积平均值为(6.4±6.9)cm~2,两者均比术前的(18.7±11.4)cm~2降低[95%CI(–25.154,–9.573),P=0.001;95%CI(6.567,18.113),P=0.001]。术后3个月时,患者三尖瓣反流面积(7.9±5.0)cm~2较术前明显下降[95%CI(4.523,12.052),P=0.004],较出院时增大,但差异无统计学意义[95%CI(–5.783,1.039),P=0.126]。术后3个月出现8 cm~2以上反流面积的概率为85.7%,16个月出现8 cm~2以上反流面积的概率为32.1%。术后出院前右心房内径较术前明显减小,差异有统计学意义[(43.8±14.7)mm vs.(59.1±24.7)mm,95%CI鲙1.033,31.480),P=0.039]。结论 Cone重建技术可最大程度对三尖瓣下移畸形进行解剖学矫治,术后效果满意,远期瓣膜功能稳定,但术后短期是出现三尖瓣大量反流的危险期,对Cone重建的手术适应证有待进一步研究。     

三尖瓣置换术67例疗效分析

目的 分析三尖瓣置换术(tricuspid valve replacement, TVR)的中、远期疗效,总结三尖瓣病变的手术治疗经验.方法 自1998年1月至2006年5月我院共施行TVR手术67例,其中风湿性心脏病25例,先天性心脏病37例,三尖瓣退行性病变1例,感染性心内膜炎3 例,心脏肿瘤1例.67例患者中29例先行三尖瓣成形术,因效果不佳改行TVR,其余患者均直接行TVR ;置换生物瓣28例,机械瓣39例;同期行二尖瓣置换术13 例,二尖瓣、主动脉瓣双瓣膜置换术12 例,室间隔缺损修补术1 例,房间隔缺损修补术 1例,心房颤动射频消融术3例.结果 手术死亡率为11.94%(8/67),其中6例死于术后重度低心排血量综合征,1例术后第4d死于心室颤动,1例术后第7d死于多器官功能衰竭.随访54例,随访率91.53%( 54/59), 1例术后1年死于生物瓣膜毁损,1例术后6年死于脑栓塞.统计分析结果表明:风湿性三尖瓣病变患者施行TVR死亡率显著高于先天性三尖瓣病变患者[5.56%(2/36)vs. 24.00%(6/25);χ2=4.425, P=0.036];二次行TVR患者死亡率显著高于首次行TVR患者[30.00%(3/10)vs. 8.77% (5/57) ,χ2=3.646,P=0.033];TVR中选择生物瓣膜或机械瓣膜的近、远期疗效差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.002,P=0.961).结论 TVR患者死亡率及远期死亡率均较高,对于严重的三尖瓣病变患者施行心瓣膜置换术是最后的选择,正确的手术方式、合理的围手术期处理是手术成功的关键.     

二尖瓣置换术后三尖瓣关闭不全的外科治疗

目的总结二尖瓣置换术后三尖瓣关闭不全患者的外科治疗经验。方法14例心脏瓣膜疾病患者行二尖瓣置换术后发生中度或重度三尖瓣关闭不全,其中相对性关闭不全12例,器质性关闭不全2例。行三尖瓣成形术4例,均使用人工瓣环成形;行三尖瓣置换术10例,其中置换生物瓣6例,双叶机械瓣4例。在心脏不停跳下手术4例,常规心脏停搏手术10例。结果全组无手术死亡,术后发生低心排血量综合征3例,用升压药维持循环,患者均顺利出院。术后复查超声心动图,右心房、室均明显缩小,右心室前后径(22.5±5.6mm)较术前(31.9±5.9mm)明显减小(P<0.001)。随访14例,随访时间1.8±1.3年,心功能级2例、级9例,级2例,1例于术后4年因心力衰竭死亡。结论二尖瓣置换术后远期三尖瓣关闭不全的患者经外科矫治后疗效满意,合理掌握手术指征、手术时机和良好的围术期治疗是手术成功的关键。     

左心瓣膜置换术后远期三尖瓣关闭不全的外科处理

目的探讨左心瓣膜置换术后远期三尖瓣关闭不全(TR)发生的可能机制以及外科治疗方法的选择和结果.方法 56例左心瓣膜置换术后远期发生TR行再次瓣膜手术的病人,10例人工瓣膜功能正常(A组)者中行二尖瓣置换(MVR)4例,主动脉瓣、二尖瓣双瓣置换(DVR)6例;46例人工瓣膜功能障碍(B组)者中MVR 36例,主动脉瓣置换(AVR)4例, DVR 6例.在A、B两组中,46例第1次手时三尖瓣未见明显异常,10例第1次手术时已行DeVega三尖瓣成形(TVP),第2次手术时发现缝线断裂3例,缝线撕脱7例.56例TR病人再次手术时9例行三尖瓣替换(TVR),其中6例三尖瓣呈风湿性改变;47例行TVP.结果 TVP和TVR各死亡1例,病死率3.6%.54例获随访,随访时间6～132个月,平均(79.4±34.8)个月.8例TVR病人术后心功能恢复良好,46例TVP者40例为轻度TR,5例出现中度TR,仍需强心、利尿药维持,1例再次出现重度TR.结论左心瓣膜置换术后远期TR可能与持续肺动脉高压、右心室不可逆损害、三尖瓣风湿性病变、左心功能的恢复情况以及持续心房纤颤有关.重度功能性TR和三尖瓣风湿性病变者行TVR的疗效可靠.随访发现部分TVP病人功能性TR仍有逐渐加重趋势.     

风湿性三尖瓣器质性病变的外科治疗

目的：根据三尖瓣不同类型病变,探讨对三尖瓣器质性病变比较合理的处理方法。方法：根据超声心动图检查及手术探查结果进行分析,依据不同病理改变决定手术方式,行三尖瓣器质性病变瓣膜成形术和瓣膜置换术53例。以瓣环扩大、瓣叶增厚、关闭不全为主的患者采用改良Kay法或节段性DeVega成形术;交界粘连融合以狭窄为主则切开交界融合,切开处以小垫片缩环,交界对拢缝组成统一瓣;成形失败者行三尖瓣置换术。结果：采用改良Kay法或节段性DeVega成形术43例,切开粘连交界对拢缝合5例,置换生物瓣1例,机械瓣4例,术后早期死亡3例。随访50例,随访时间5个月－9年,随访率为94％,其中1例5年后死于心力衰竭。超声心动图示三尖瓣无反流41例,轻至中度反流8例。心功能恢复到Ⅰ-Ⅱ级44例,Ⅲ级5例。结论;三尖瓣器质性病变绝大部分均可采用瓣膜成形术,三尖瓣置换术的远期效果较为满意。     

心脏瓣膜病再次手术221例临床分析

目的总结既往有二尖瓣闭式扩张术、瓣膜成形术、瓣周漏及生物瓣失功能等的患者再次瓣膜手术的经验。方法自1998年1月至2005年8月,实施心脏瓣膜病再次手术221例,其中急症手术8例。其中二尖瓣闭式扩张后再狭窄105例,二尖瓣或主动脉瓣成形术后复发性瓣膜病变37例,瓣周漏29例,生物瓣衰败18例,其他瓣膜再发病变11例,人工瓣膜机械功能障碍9例,Ebstein畸形矫治术后三尖瓣关闭不全7例,人工瓣膜心内膜炎5例。再次手术方式包括二尖瓣置换、二尖瓣和主动脉瓣双瓣置换、主动脉瓣置换、三尖瓣置换。两次手术间隔时间1～21年。结果全组术后死亡19例,占8．6％。早期死亡主要原因为术后低心排综合征、恶性心律失常、多脏器功能衰竭与肾功能衰竭,其中急症手术8例中死亡3例,术前心功能Ⅳ级者手术死亡9例,病死率为14．5％（9／62例）。结论瓣膜病再次手术危险因素包括急症手术、术前心功能差、合并其他重要脏器功能不全、体外循环时间和主动脉阻断时间长等。针对这些因素积极防治,可以进一步降低这类患者手术病死率和并发症发生率。     

Surgery for the valvular disease in children

We report the results and long-term follow up in 34 children (17 girls and 17 boys, aged 12 days to 13 years, average age 3.3 years, average body weight 11.7 kg) who underwent valvular surgery in the period between May 1989 and November 1996. Operative mortality was 11.8%. Actuarial survival curves (including hospital mortality) indicate a 68.6% survival rate at 5 years and that 64.7% of patients are free from reoperation at 5 years. For aortic regurgitation two patients applied aortic valvuloplasty and four applied aortic valve replacement. Nine children had aortic stenosis, three of them had balloon valvuloplasty, seven had valvotomy, two had aortic valve replacement. Ten patients were treated for mitral regurgitation. There were nine valvuloplasty and four mitral valve replacement including three times of reoperation. One membranous pulmonary atresia and seven pulmonary stenosis children had valvotomy. There were four cases of tricuspid disease. One had tricuspid valve stenosis with pulmonary stenosis, three had severe tricuspid regurgitation who applied tricuspid valve replacement. Mortality was high in the critical AS, severe MR and TVR groups. Patients who survived the surgery and had no complications showed satisfiable results.     

应用彩色多普勒对二尖瓣置换术后三尖瓣功能的远期随访

目的应用彩色多普勒超声评价二尖瓣置换术后远期三尖瓣功能及形态变化。方法对接受二尖瓣置换术的903例病人术后三尖瓣功能进行了2～9年,平均(3.6±2.4)年的跟踪观察。所有病例术前均有不同程度的三尖瓣环扩大或关闭不全,其中未行三尖瓣成形术者201例;行Kay或改良DeVega成形术者686例;三尖瓣成形术同时加成形环者16例。结果未行三尖瓣成形术者术后2～3年有46例出现三尖瓣重度关闭不全;行Kay或改良DeVega成形术者,术后3～5年150例出现中重度三尖瓣关闭不全;三尖瓣成形术同时加成形环者仅1例术后2年出现三尖瓣轻-中度关闭不全。结论二尖瓣置换术后远期三尖瓣功能性关闭不全与三尖瓣环扩大、右心功能损害和严重肺动脉高压有关,三尖瓣环扩大是其重要的原因。对二尖瓣置换术者,手术中一旦发现有三尖瓣环扩大,即使无三尖瓣关闭不全,亦应行三尖瓣成形术,重度三尖瓣关闭不全、瓣环明显扩大者最好在环缩术的同时加成形环。     

Early and medium-term results for repair of Ebstein anomaly

OBJECTIVES: We evaluated the early and medium-term single-center results for primary repair of Ebstein anomaly in both adults and children. METHODS: The records were reviewed of patients undergoing repair of Ebstein anomaly at the Children's Hospital of New York from September 1990 to September 2002. Functional, demographic, and echocardiographic parameters were studied both preoperatively and postoperatively, along with functional status and adverse events. The repair technique involved vertical plication of the atrialized ventricle and valve leaflet reimplantation after clockwise rotation. RESULTS: A total of 25 patients (19 children and 6 adults) underwent repair. The average age was 14.2 +/- 15.9 years, and the average follow-up was 4.1 +/- 3.4 years. Three patients required reoperation for right ventricular overload (1 child) and progressive, severe tricuspid regurgitation (2 adults); both adults received tricuspid valve replacements, one at 4 years and the other at 8 years post-repair. Three patients had radiofrequency ablation procedures performed intraoperatively. Ten patients (40%) had moderate-to-severe tricuspid regurgitation perioperatively. However, 18 children (95%) and 5 adults (83%) demonstrated significant improvement in exercise capacity late postoperatively. Two children died suddenly 11 months and 4 years after repair. DISCUSSION: Ebstein repair has good functional outcomes in children despite residual tricuspid regurgitation, likely because of reduction in right ventricular volume loading and relative annular and ventricular plasticity. Adult patients did not demonstrate the same durability of valve repair and frequently required tricuspid valve replacement. Intraoperative radiofrequency ablation represents an important adjunctive treatment for intractable arrhythmias, which may now represent relative indications for operative intervention.     

再次直视心脏瓣膜置换术疗效分析

目的 总结再次直视心脏瓣膜置换术的治疗体会.方法 2002年1月至2009年12月完成再次直视心脏瓣膜置换术104例,占同期瓣膜置换手术的2.92%(104/3557).男性53例,女性51例,年龄13～72岁,平均(46±14)岁.心功能(NYHA分级)Ⅱ级7例,Ⅲ级67例,Ⅳ级30例.其中二尖瓣或主动脉瓣置换术后其他瓣膜病变28例,二尖瓣瓣膜成形术后再发二尖瓣关闭不全10例,瓣周漏19例,生物瓣衰败7例,先天性心脏病矫治术再发瓣膜病变18例,人工瓣膜心内膜炎10例,人工瓣膜机械功能障碍9例,其他3例.再次手术方式包括二尖瓣和主动脉瓣双瓣置换2例,二尖瓣置换59例,主动脉瓣置换24例,三尖瓣置换16例,Bentall术3例.两次手术间隔1个月～19年.结果 全组早期死亡8例,早期死亡主要原因为术后低心排血量综合征、肾功能不全或多脏器功能衰竭,病死率7.7%.术中大出血2例,术后再次开胸止血2例,胸骨正中切口感染1例.随访3个月～7年2个月,平均3年4个月.晚期死亡2例,1例抗凝过量颅内出血,另1例原因不明.其余存活患者术后半年随访心功能(NYHA分级)Ⅰ级67例,Ⅱ级27例.结论 再次换瓣手术如恰当掌握手术时机、术中加强心肌保护、保证准确的手术操作、注重围手术期处理,临床近、远期效果满意.     

矫正型大动脉转位形态三尖瓣“瓣中瓣”置换术及早中期结果

目的探讨矫正型大动脉转位(cTGA)患者行形态三尖瓣"瓣中瓣"法置换术的方法及其术后早中期疗效。方法自2009年1月至2012年1月期间,阜外心血管病医院收治11例cTGA患者,其中男9例,女2例;年龄(37.8±11.7)岁;体重(73.0±11.3)kg。均采用保留全瓣及瓣下结构即"瓣中瓣"法行形态三尖瓣置换术,同期行室间隔缺损修补术2例,房间隔缺损修补术4例,肺动脉瓣成形术1例,功能右心室流出道疏通术4例,冠状动脉-肺动脉瘘修补术1例。术后随访患者纽约心脏学会(NYHA)心功能分级、心胸比率、形态右心室的射血分数及其舒张期末内径、形态左心房舒张期末内径。结果 11例患者均生存并得到随访,随访(13.0±10.6)个月。术后随访时心胸比率与术前比较差异无统计学意义(0.54±0.06 vs.0.57±0.09,t=1.581,P0.05),形态右心室射血分数与术前比较差异无统计学意义(52.8%±9.0%vs.54.9%±9.5%,t=0.712,P0.05),形态右心室舒张期末内径与术前比较差异无统计学意义[(54.3±7.5)mm vs.(56.9±9.2)mm,t=0.988,P0.05],形态左心房舒张期末内径与术前比较差异有统计学意义[(42.1±8.9)mm vs.(53.4±11.1)mm,t=3.286,P0.05],术后心功能分级较术前比较差异有统计学意义(Z=-2.640,P0.05)。结论 cTGA形态三尖瓣"瓣中瓣"置换术保留了形态右心室的几何结构形态,阻止了形态三尖瓣关闭不全对形态右心室功能的进一步损害;形态左心房功能及心功能分级明显改善;术后早中期结果满意。     

Results After Surgical Repair of Ebstein’s Anomaly

Background. Ebstein’s anomaly of the tricuspid valve is a complex malformation. Various operations have been undertaken with varying results. Because valve replacement yielded poor results, surgical treatment has focused on valvuloplasties.Methods. Between April 1974 and February 1995, 60 patients with Ebstein’s anomaly underwent surgical repair. Age ranged from 5 months to 54 years. In 56 patients (93.3%), tricuspid valvuloplasty was feasible, mainly by creating a monocusp valve with the single-stitch technique. The other 4 patients had valve replacement with a bioprosthesis. Six reoperations were necessary (10.0%): four valve replacements and two repeat valvuloplasties.Results. There were two hospital deaths (3.3%) and a late mortality rate of 10.0% (6 patients). Forty-nine (94.2%) of 52 survivors were followed for 5 months to 18.6 years (median follow-up, 5.0 years; mean follow-up, 6.9 years). The actuarial survival rate (Kaplan-Meier) was 96.5% ± 2.4% at 1 year and 83.3% ± 5.6% at 18 years. At follow-up evaluation, nearly all patients showed substantial improvement (93.9% were in functional class I or II) compared with their preoperative status. Doppler echocardiographic studies demonstrated good tricuspid valve function in most patients.Conclusions. Valvuloplasty using the single-stitch technique is a rewarding operation. It yields good long-term results with substantial improvement in functional performance and clinical status.(Ann Thorac Surg 1997;63:1650–6)     

Tricuspid valve replacement with the St. Jude Medical valve

A study was conducted on 20 patients who underwent tricuspid valve replacement (TVR) with the St. Jude Medical (SJM) valve. Isolated TVR was performed on 9 patients, and additional mitral, or mitral and aortic valve replacements were performed on 11 patients. Four patients (20%) died in the early postoperative period, but there were no deaths related to the SJM valve in the tricuspid position. The mean follow-up period of the 16 survivors was 74.4 months, and there have been no deaths during the follow-up period. The postoperative actuarial survival rate was 80%, 10 years after surgery. Three patients, representing 0.25%/patient-months, developed valve thrombosis, the valve thrombosis-free rate being 72.8%, 10 years after surgery, while entrapment of a leaflet by endothelial pannus was found in one patient, representing 0.08%/patient-months. Thus, the incidence of all prosthetic valve-related complications was 0.34%/patient-months, and the postoperative complication-free rate was 65.3%, 10 years after surgery. The medium-term follow-up study of TVR with the SJM valve revealed no prosthetic valve-related deaths and a relatively low incidence of prosthetic valve-related complications. However, as with other mechanical valves, valve thrombosis was a major risk posed by the SJM valve in the tricuspid position.     

儿童心瓣膜病的外科治疗

目的 报告儿童心瓣膜手术的经验。方法 ８７儿童心瓣膜病变患者,男５８例,女２９例,年龄４～１４岁,平均年龄１０．２岁。其中二尖瓣置换术３６例,主动脉置换术１３例,二尖瓣和主动脉瓣双瓣膜置换术６例,主动脉瓣成形术１３例,二尖瓣成形术１９例,所用心瓣膜均为机械瓣。同期处理三尖瓣关闭不全４１全,室间隔缺损２３例,房间隔缺损９例,佛氏窦瘤破裂８例,动脉导管未闭３例。结果 术后早期并发症包括：低心排血量综合     

Results of multiple valve repair. A clinical study of 81 patients

A report is presented of 50 men and 31 women, mean age 50.3 years, who underwent surgery for multivalvular cardiac disease in 1973-1987. NYHA function class was III-IV in 88% of the patients. The most common procedures were aortic + mitral valve replacement (81%), aortic + mitral valve replacement + coronary artery bypass grafting (5%), aortic valve replacement + tricuspid valvuloplasty (5%) and mitral valve replacement + tricuspid valvuloplasty (5%); 95% of the implanted valves were of Bj?rk-Shiley disc type. Nine patients died perioperatively, six due to myocardial infarction and/or low cardiac output. Postoperative bleeding necessitated resternotomy in three cases. Follow-up was complete, with a mean observation time of 4.5 years (a total of 323 patient years). The incidence of thrombotic valve encapsulation was 0.6/100 patient years. Corresponding figures for anticoagulant-related haemorrhage, prosthetic valve endocarditis and paraprosthetic leakage were 0.9, 1.2 and 1.2. In our experience, the rate of late complications after multivalvular reconstruction using Bj?rk-Shiley prosthesis is acceptable if anticoagulant therapy is correctly employed.