结直肠息肉切除术后迟发性出血的危险因素

目的:明确迟发性结直肠息肉切除术后出血危险因素以及这些因素与迟发性出血关系.方法:回顾性分析2008-11/2014-04华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院1426例2292枚结直肠息肉切除中与息肉以及操作相关的可能危险因素.结果:息肉电切术后迟发性出血发生于20例患者(发生率1.4%).多因素分析发现息肉10 mm[相对危险度(odds ratio,OR)=1.222,95%可信区间(95%confidence interval,95%CI):1.205-1.239,P=0.003],位于右半结肠(OR=1.152;95%CI:1.137-1.167,P=0.049),内镜医师经验欠缺(OR=1.307,95%C I:1.288-1.326,P=0.046)是息肉电切术后迟发性出血有统计学意义危险因素.经验欠缺内镜医师进行右半结肠息肉切除(OR=1.992,95%CI:1.975-2.009,P=0.000)增加迟发性出血风险.结论:息肉大小、右半结肠息肉以及内镜医师经验欠缺是迟发性结直肠息肉切除术后出血独立危险因素.     

国产与进口止血夹预防≥10 mm结直肠息肉内镜切除术后迟发性出血的效果对比

目的对比国产与进口止血夹预防≥10 mm结直肠息肉内镜切除术后迟发性出血的效果。方法收集2018年1月—2019年12月于首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院行结直肠息肉(长径≥10 mm)内镜下切除术的789例患者的临床资料。将患者分为术后迟发性出血组(n=15)与未出血组(n=774), 采用单因素以及多因素Logistic回归模型分析术后迟发性出血的影响因素。另外将使用1种类型止血夹的患者按所采用的止血夹品牌, 分为国产组(n=499)以及进口组(n=208), 对比两组止血夹预防术后迟发性出血的效果。结果 789例行结直肠息肉内镜下切除术的患者中, 1.9%(15/789)的患者术后出现迟发性出血。多因素Logistic回归分析显示有蒂息肉是术后迟发性出血的独立危险因素(OR=6.621, 95%CI:2.278～19.241, P=0.001), 止血夹封闭创面是术后迟发性出血的独立保护因素(OR=0.169, 95%CI:0.050～0.570, P=0.004)。无论医师经验高低, 国产组与进口组止血夹预防≥10 mm结直肠息肉内镜切除术后迟发性出血的效果差异无统计学意义[有经验...     

内镜下高频电刀行结肠息肉切除的有效性及安全性

通过采集2020年6月—2020年9月四川地区6家医院使用高频电刀行内镜下结肠息肉切除术的643例资料,包括息肉完整切除、术后迟发性出血、穿孔等情况,分析高频电刀行结肠息肉切除的有效性及安全性。结果显示患者中发生迟发性出血18例（2.80%）,术后穿孔1例（0.16%）。1 828枚息肉病灶均得到完整切除（100.0%）。单因素分析显示直径≥10 mm、息肉形态为长蒂或侧向发育型肿瘤、病理为腺瘤性息肉、采取内镜黏膜切除术切除、采取混切1电凝模式是高频电刀内镜下结肠息肉切除术后发生迟发性出血的影响因素（P<0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析显示息肉直径≥10 mm(P=0.001,OR=3.575,95%CI:1.175～9.955)、息肉形态为长蒂或侧向发育型肿瘤(P=0.004,OR=2.981,95%CI:1.233～14.858)是迟发性出血发生的独立危险因素。提示内镜下采用高频电刀行结肠息肉切除具有较高的有效性及安全性,但对于息肉直径≥10 mm、息肉形态为长蒂或侧向发育型肿瘤须警惕术后迟发性出血的发生。     

留置金属夹预防结肠小息肉内镜黏膜切除术后迟发性出血的价值研究

目的探讨直径10 mm以下无蒂结直肠息肉行内镜黏膜切除术（endoscopic mucosal resection, EMR）后,留置金属夹对于预防息肉切除术后迟发性出血（delayed post-polypectomy bleeding,DPPB）的价值。方法将2017年1月—2019年12月于黑龙江省医院消化病院因直径10 mm以下无蒂结直肠息肉拟行EMR的患者,根据计算机产生的随机序列表分为术后留置金属夹组(A组)和未留置金属夹组（B组）,对比两组术后迟发性出血的相关情况。结果共纳入1 838例患者,A组912例,B组926例。两组术后迟发性出血发生率分别为1.00%（9/912）和1.10%（10/926）,组间差异无统计学意义（χ2=0.039,P＞0.05）。两组出血息肉个数比例为 0.44%（9/2 029）和0.49%（10/2 025）,组间差异无统计学意义（χ2=0.055,P>0.05）。6~9 mm息肉（OR=11.032,95%CI：2.545~47.821,P＜0.05）是无蒂结直肠息肉EMR术后迟发性出血的独立危险因素。结论10 mm以下无蒂结直肠息肉EMR治疗后,留置金属夹并未显著降低术后迟发性出血的风险。     

血脂异常患者结直肠早期癌发病的危险因素分析

探讨血脂异常患者结直肠早期癌发病的危险因素,以及他汀类药物在其中可能发挥的作用。回顾性分析2018年2月—2021年2月北京友谊医院消化科行内镜治疗合并血脂异常的结直肠肿物患者资料。根据结肠镜及病理结果将266例患者分为结直肠腺瘤组（n=174）和结直肠早期癌组（n=92）。分析两组患者临床资料的差异,采用Logistic回归分析血脂异常患者结直肠早期癌发病的危险因素。结果发现,与结直肠腺瘤组相比,结直肠早期癌组患者的男性比例（64.1%比25.9%）、吸烟比例（41.3%比14.4%）和饮酒比例（37.0% 比17.2%）更高,同时低密度脂蛋白胆固醇［（3.06±0.81） mmol/L比（2.60±0.74） mmol/L］和总胆固醇值更高［（5.27±1.22） mmol/L 比（4.61±1.06） mmol/L］,而他汀用药占比更低（27.2% 比52.9%）,差异均有统计学意义（P均<0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,男性（OR=3.641, 95%CI：1.694~7.826）、吸烟（OR=2.920, 95%CI：1.159~7.356）以及较高的低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（OR=2.203,95%CI：1.481~3.277）、较高的总胆固醇水平（OR=1.744,95%CI：1.329~2.289）是血脂异常患者结直肠早期癌发生的危险因素,而他汀用药史（OR=0.469,95%CI：0.236~0.932）对避免血脂异常患者结直肠早期癌的发生具有保护作用。应对血脂异常患者进行戒烟宣教,监测低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、总胆固醇水平,必要时使用他汀类药物促进血脂达标,同时积极进行结直肠癌的早期筛查。     

内镜下结直肠息肉切除术后迟发性出血的危险因素分析

目的 分析结直肠息肉切除术后迟发性出血的危险因素。方法 回顾性分析2014年1月至2017年5月行内镜下结直肠息肉切除术的459例患者资料,根据术后是否发生迟发性出血分为出血组与未出血组,比较两组相关因素的差异,分析迟发性出血的危险因素。结果 459例患者中发生迟发性出血者27例;共切除息肉572枚,发生迟发性出血息肉42枚。单因素分析显示,患者性别（男性85.2%）、切除息肉数量（≥3枚者59.3%）、合并高脂血症（29.6%）,息肉直径(≥10 mm者66.7%）、形态（有蒂81.0%)、病理类型（腺瘤型95.2%）、切除方式(EMR者90.5%)与迟发性出血显著相关（P<0.05）。Logistic回归分析显示,患者性别、合并高脂血症,息肉数目、大小、形态为迟发性出血的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论 男性患者、合并高脂血症、切除≥3枚息肉、息肉直径≥10 mm、息肉有蒂为迟发性出血的独立危险因素。     

结直肠内镜黏膜下剥离术后发热的危险因素分析

[目的]探讨内镜黏膜下剥离术(ESD)治疗结直肠病变术后发热的危险因素。[方法]回顾性分析行结直肠ESD的347例患者的临床资料,对病例的年龄、性别、既往病史、病变位置、病变大小、病理、术中不良事件、ESD操作时长、术后创面处理、围术期抗生素使用情况、ESD后住院时间、术后不良事件等进行单因素及多因素分析,总结术后发热的危险因素。[结果]347例患者术后发热率为4.6%(16/347),发热最高体温(38.1±0.4)℃,发热天数(2.6±1.5)d。通过单因素及多因素分析,术中出血或术中穿孔(OR=0.481,95%CI=0.267～0.867,P=0.015)、术后迟发出血或迟发穿孔(OR=0.323,95%CI=0.105～0.991,P=0.048)以及病灶累及固有肌层(OR=0.320,95%CI=0.143～0.716,P=0.006)是结直肠EDS后发热的独立危险因素。[结论]术中出血或术中穿孔、术后迟发出血或迟发穿孔以及病灶累及固有肌层是结直肠EDS后发热的独立危险因素,应给予此类患者更多的观察及处理,以期降低术后发热率。     

内镜下黏膜切除术治疗结直肠进展期腺瘤

目的探讨内镜下黏膜切除术(endoscopic mucosal resection,EMR)治疗直径≥1.5 cm结直肠亚蒂及广基进展期腺瘤的安全性及有效性,为EMR治疗较大结直肠进展期腺瘤提供依据。方法回顾性分析2014年1月-2015年1月陆军总医院消化内镜中心结直肠息肉治疗病例,收集符合纳入标准的结直肠亚蒂及广基进展期腺瘤,以腺瘤大小、位置、病理组织学和形态学为变量,分析腺瘤整块切除和术中出血的影响因素。结果共收集76例患者106枚腺瘤,男47例,女29例,平均年龄(60.9±10.8)岁;整块切除89枚(84.0%),术中少量出血23枚(21.7%),无穿孔及迟发性出血;术后随访观察52枚(49.1%),平均随访时间(6.4±3.9)个月,仅1枚(2.0%)腺瘤发现可疑残留,术后病理为炎性改变。多因素回归分析发现,组织学分化(OR=3.4,95%CI:1.2~13.2)和腺瘤位于弯曲部位(OR=3.1,95%CI:1.0~12.6)是影响术中出血的主要因素;组织学分化(OR=5.1,95%CI:1.1~23.2)和腺瘤直径≥3.0 cm(OR=28.7,95%CI:1.1~749.8)是整块切除的危险因素。结论 EMR治疗直径≥1.5 cm结直肠亚蒂及广基进展期腺瘤整块切除率高,无迟发性出血、穿孔等严重并发症,是一种安全有效的治疗方法。     

内镜下黏膜剥离术治疗直径≥20 mm结直肠侧向发育肿瘤并发出血及穿孔的危险因素分析

目的 探讨内镜下黏膜剥离术(ESD)治疗直径≥20 mm的结直肠侧向发育肿瘤(LST)并发出血、穿孔的影响因素。方法 纳入2016年1月～2019年12月病变直径≥20 mm且行ESD治疗的结直肠LST患者172例,根据术后是否并发出血或穿孔,将172例患者分别分为出血组(9例)和非出血组(163例)、穿孔组(14例)和非穿孔组(158例)。对入组患者并发出血、穿孔的危险因素进行分析。结果 出血发生率为5.23%,穿孔发生率为8.14%,手术时间≥120 min是ESD治疗直径≥20 mm结直肠LST并发出血的独立危险因素(OR=0.205,95%CI 0.051～0.822,P=0.025),高龄(OR=0.945,95%CI 0.897～0.996,P=0.035)及病灶纤维化(OR=0.105,95%CI 0.027～0.405,P=0.001)是ESD治疗直径≥20 mm结直肠LST发生穿孔的独立危险因素。结论 在ESD治疗直径≥20 mm的结直肠LST过程中,手术时间≥120 min为术后并发出血的危险因素,高龄及病灶纤维化会增加穿孔发生的可能。     

胃黏膜褪色病灶诊断肿瘤的危险因素分析

目的　分析胃黏膜褪色病灶诊断为肿瘤的相关危险因素，为内镜下早期诊断提供依据。方法　收集2020年1月—2021年5月在中国人民解放军总医院第七医学中心消化内科行胃镜检查发现胃黏膜褪色病灶并行活检的402例患者资料进行回顾性分析。总结归纳患者性别，年龄，胃黏膜萎缩程度，病灶边界、大小、部位、形态、窄带光成像放大内镜下表现及组织病理学结果等资料，采用多因素Logistic回归分析胃黏膜褪色病灶诊断为肿瘤的相关危险因素。结果　402例胃黏膜褪色病灶中，肿瘤性病变共33例（8.2%），其中高危上皮肿瘤（高级别异型增生和早期胃癌） 23例（5.7%）。患者年龄、胃黏膜萎缩程度、病灶大小、病灶表面凹陷、病灶窄带光成像放大内镜阳性征、病灶表面微血管和表面微结构均与胃黏膜褪色病灶诊断为肿瘤性病变相关（P<0.05），而患者年龄、胃黏膜萎缩程度、病灶大小、病灶表面凹陷、病灶表面微结构与胃黏膜褪色病灶诊断为高危上皮肿瘤相关（P<0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析显示，病灶长径<20 mm（OR=4.487，95%CI：1.776~11.332，P=0.001）、窄带光成像放大内镜阳性征（OR=40.510，95%CI：1.610~1 019.456，P=0.024）是胃黏膜褪色病灶诊断为肿瘤性病变的独立危险因素；病灶表面微结构异常是胃黏膜褪色病灶诊断为高危上皮肿瘤的独立危险因素（OR=0.003，95%CI：0.000~1.587，P<0.001）。结论　表面微结构异常、病灶大小和窄带光成像放大内镜阳性征是胃黏膜褪色病灶诊断为肿瘤的危险因素。     

Risk factors for delayed bleeding from endoscopic submucosal dissection of gastric neoplasms

Abstract Objective. Delayed bleeding is a major complication of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) of gastric neoplasms. We aimed to clarify risk factors for delayed bleeding from ESD. Material and methods. This study included 447 patients in whom 544 gastric neoplasms were resected by ESD between April 2006 and March 2011 in Yamaguchi University Hospital. We analyzed risk factors for delayed bleeding from ESD in relation to various clinical and pathological factors. Results. En bloc resection rate was 95.4% (519/544), and curative resection rate was 87.8% (477/544). Delayed bleeding occurred in 7.0% (38/544) and perforation occurred in 1.8% (10/544) of patients. Univariate analysis revealed platelet count (Plt) <15 × 10(4)/μl (p = 0.013), prothrombin time (PT) <70% (p = 0.044), resected size ≥50 mm (p = 0.038), and positive/indeterminate lateral margin (p = 0.012) to be risk factors for delayed bleeding. Multivariate analysis showed that Plt <15 × 10(4)/μl (odds ratio [OR], 2.62; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.17-5.53, p = 0.020) and positive/indeterminate lateral margin (OR, 5.45; 95% CI: 1.39-17.95, p = 0.018) were independent risk factors for delayed bleeding. Conclusions. Low Plt, low PT, large resected size, and positive/indeterminate lateral margin were significant risk factors for delayed bleeding from ESD. Patients with these risk factors must be carefully observed for signs of delayed bleeding.     

内镜黏膜下剥离术和内镜下黏膜切除术治疗早期胃癌的术后出血影响因素分析

目的：分析影响早期胃癌内镜黏膜下剥离术和内镜下黏膜切除术(ESD/EMR)术后出血的可能影响因素,以便降低出血风险,对术后出血高危人群进行特殊关注。方法：回顾性收集2012年6月至2018年5月于北京友谊医院内镜中心因诊断早期胃癌而行ESD/EMR治疗患者的临床资料,包括病人基本信息(年龄、性别、疾病史)、临床特征(病变大小、部位、形态)及术后病理信息(病理类型、浸润深度)等,分析上述因素对ESD/EMR术后发生出血的影响。结果：共有255例早期胃癌患者纳入研究,其中11例发生术后出血(4.3%)。术后出血病例与未出血病例相比,心脑血管疾病史、氯吡格雷服药史、多发病变在两组间分布有统计学差异 (P=0.004, P=0.017及P=0.042)。多因素分析显示心脑血管疾病史(OR=5.151, 95% CI：1.242-21.356, P=0.024)、多发病变(OR=7.245, 95% CI：1.471-35.684, P=0.015)及主要病变≥2cm (OR=4.713, 95%CI：1.011-21.982, P=0.048)是术后发生出血的可能危险因素。生存分析结果显示：有心脑血管疾病史(P<0.001)、多发病变(P=0.013)、主要病变≥2cm的患者(P=0.031),ESD/EMR术后发生出血的风险明显增高。结论：ESD/EMR术后应重点关注具有心脑血管疾病史、病变部位多发、病变较大的患者的出血风险。     

钛夹预防消化内镜术后并发症的Meta分析

目的评价使用钛夹关闭内镜下黏膜切除术(endoscopic mucosal resection,EMR)、内镜下黏膜剥离术(endoscopic submucosal dissection,ESD)等术后创面减少术后迟发性出血以及促进创面愈合的有效性。 方法计算机检索2017年10月之前PubMed、EMBASE、Cochrance library三个数据库中公开发表的有关钛夹关闭EMR、ESD术后创面的文献,依据纳入和排除标准将最终入选的文献应用Review Manager 5.3软件分析数据。 结果最终6篇随机对照试验文献纳入研究。Meta分析结果显示：钛夹关闭创面不能减少术后迟发性出血的发生率(OR＝0.43,95% CI：0.14～1.29,P＝0.13),差异无统计学意义;然而创面关闭可以促进创面愈合(OR＝－1.18,95% CI：－1.77～－0.60,P<0.01),差异有统计学意义。 结论钛夹关闭创面不能减少EMR、ESD等术后迟发性出血的发生,但可能促进医源性创面的愈合。     

早期胃癌内镜治愈性切除的影响因素

目的分析影响早期胃癌内镜治愈性切除的危险因素,提高内镜治愈性切除早期胃癌的可能性。方法收集2008年10月至2013年3月行内镜切除治疗的早期胃癌（包括高级别上皮内瘤变）患者的临床资料;分析性别、年龄、病灶位置、病灶直径、病灶内镜形态学分型及伴有溃疡形成6个因素对内镜切除术（ER）整块切除及治愈性切除的影响;同时分析非治愈性切除的主要原因。结果纳入早期胃癌共94例包含94个病灶,其中高级别上皮内瘤变病灶20个,黏膜内癌病灶70个,黏膜下浅层浸润癌（距黏膜肌层500斗m以内）病灶4个。其中5个病灶经EMR切除,89个病灶经ESD切除。ER整块切除率为95．7％（90／94）,治愈性切除率为79．8％（75／94）。直径〉3．0cm的病灶治愈性切除率显著低于直径≤2．0em的病灶（P=0．022,OR=0．108,95％C1：0．016—0．721）,伴有溃疡形成的病灶治愈性切除率显著低于不伴有溃疡形成的病灶（P=0．047,OR=0．149,95％CI：0．023～0．971）。非治愈性切除的主要原因是侧缘肿瘤细胞的残留。结论病灶直径〉3．0cm、伴有溃疡形成是影响早期胃癌ER治愈性切除的危险因素。     

胃黏膜低级别上皮内瘤变及早期胃癌活检病理与术后病理差异的危险因素分析

【摘要】 目的 探讨胃黏膜低级别上皮内瘤变及早期胃癌活检病理与术后病理差异的危险因素。方法 回顾性分析行内镜黏膜下剥离术或手术切除,且术后病理诊断为低级别上皮内瘤变或早期胃癌（包括高级别上皮内瘤变）的235例患者资料,按活检病理与术后病理是否有显著差异分组,采用单因素和多因素分析探索病理结果发生显著差异的危险因素。结果 235例患者中33例（14.0%）发生病理显著差异。单因素分析结果提示,隆起型病变、病变表面不发红、病变不伴糜烂或溃疡、组织学类型为弥散型及活检块数与病理差异相关（P＜0.05）。多因素分析结果提示活检块数少（OR=0.574,95%CI：0.363~0.908,P=0.018）是发生活检病理与术后病理差异的独立危险因素。结论 胃黏膜低级别上皮内瘤变及早期胃癌活检病理与术后病理不符的情况临床上较多见,多块活检能提高活检的准确性,降低病理不符情况的发生。     

Endoscopic mucosal resection of colorectal adenomas>20mm:Risk factors for recurrence

AIM: To evaluate risk factors for local recurrence after endoscopic mucosal resection of colorectal adenomas 20 mm.METHODS: Retrospective data analysis of 216 endoscopic mucosal resections for colorectal adenomas 20 mm in 179 patients(40.3% female; median age 68 years; range 35-91 years). All patients had at least 1 follow-up endoscopy with a minimum control interval of 2 mo(mean follow-up 6 mo/2.0-43.4 mo). Possible factors associated with local recurrence were analyzed by univariate and multivariate analysis. RESULTS: Median size of the lesions was 30 mm(20-70 mm),69.0% were localized in the right-sided(cecum,ascending and transverse) colon. Most of the lesions(85.6%) showed a non-pedunculated morphology and the majority of resections was in piecemeal technique(78.7%). Histology showed carcinoma or high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia in 51/216(23.6%) lesions including 4 low risk carcinomas(pT1 a,L0,V0,R0- G1/G2). Histologically proven recurrence was observed in 33/216 patients(15.3%). Patient age65 years,polyp size30 mm,non-pedunculated morphology,localization in the right-sided colon,piecemeal resection and tubular-villous histology were found as associated factors in univariate analysis. On multivariate analysis,only localization in the rightsided colon(HR = 6.842/95%CI:1.540-30.394; P=0.011),tubular-villous histology(HR = 3.713/95%CI: 1.617-8.528;P=0.002) and polyp size30 mm(HR=2.563/95%CI:1.179-5.570; P=0.017) were significantly associated risk factors for adenoma recurrence. CONCLUSION: Meticulous endoscopic follow-up is warranted after endoscopic mucosal resection of adenomas localized in the right-sided colon larger than 30 mm,with tubular-villous histology.     

Risk factors for bleeding after endoscopic mucosal resection

AIM: To clarify the risk factors for bleeding after endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR). METHODS: A total of 297 consecutive patients who underwent EMR were enrolled. Some of the patients had multiple lesions. Bleeding requiring endoscopic treatment was defined as bleeding after EMR. Odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI), calculated by logistic regression with multivariate adjustments for covariates, were the measures of association. RESULTS: Of the 297 patients, 57 (19.2%) patients with bleeding after EMR were confirmed. With multivariate adjustment, the cutting method of EMR, diameter, and endoscopic pattern of the tumor were associated with the risk of bleeding after EMR. The multivariate-adjusted OR for bleeding after EMR using endoscopic aspiration mucosectomy was 3.07 (95%CI, 1.59-5.92) compared with strip biopsy. The multiple-adjusted OR for bleeding after EMR for the highest quartile (16-50 mm) of tumor diameter was 5.63 (95%CI, 1.84-17.23) compared with that for the lowest (4-7 mm). The multiple-adjusted OR for bleeding after EMR for depressed type of tumor was 4.21 (95%CI, 1.75-10.10) compared with elevated type. CONCLUSION: It is important to take tumor characteristics (tumor size and endoscopic pattern) and cutting method of EMR into consideration in predicting bleeding after EMR.     

Risk factors for bleeding after endoscopic submucosal dissection of colorectal neoplasms

AIM:To investigate the risk factors for delayed bleeding following endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD)treatment for colorectal neoplasms.METHODS:We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 317 consecutive patients with 325 lesions who underwent ESD for superficial colorectal neoplasms at our hospital from January 2009 to June2013.Delayed post-ESD bleeding was defined as bleeding that resulted in overt hematochezia 6 h to 30d after ESD and the observation of bleeding spots as confirmed by repeat colonoscopy or a required blood transfusion.We analyzed the relationship between risk factors for delayed bleeding following ESD and the following factors using univariate and multivariate analyses:age,gender,presence of comorbidities,use of antithrombotic drugs,use of intravenous heparin,resected specimen size,lesion size,lesion location,lesion morphology,lesion histology,the device used,procedure time,and the presence of significant bleeding during ESD.RESULTS:Delayed post-ESD bleeding was found in14 lesions from 14 patients(4.3%of all specimens,4.4%patients).Patients with episodes of delayed postESD bleeding had a mean hemoglobin decrease of2.35 g/dL.All episodes were treated successfully using endoscopic hemostatic clips.Emergency surgery was not required in any of the cases.Blood transfusion was needed in 1 patient(0.3%).Univariate analysis revealed that lesions located in the cecum(P=0.012)and the presence of significant bleeding during ESD(P=0.024)were significantly associated with delayed post-ESD bleeding.The risk of delayed bleeding was higher for larger lesion sizes,but this trend was not statistically significant.Multivariate analysis revealed that lesions located in the cecum(OR=7.26,95%CI:1.99-26.55,P=0.003)and the presence of significant bleeding during ESD(OR=16.41,95%CI:2.60-103.68,P=0.003)were independent risk factors for delayed post-ESD bleeding.CONCLUSION:Location in the cecum and significant bleeding during ESD predispose patients to delayed post-procedural bleeding.Therefore,careful and additional management is recommended for these patients.     

Second-Look Endoscopy after Gastric Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection for Reducing Delayed Postoperative Bleeding

Background/Aims

This stuy evaluated the role of a second-look endoscopy after gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection in patients without signs of bleeding.

Methods

Between March 2011 and March 2012, 407 patients with gastric neoplasms who underwent endoscopic submucosal dissection for 445 lesions were retrospectively reviewed. After the patients had undergone endoscopic submucosal dissection, they were allocated to two groups (with or without second-look endoscopy) according to the following endoscopy. The postoperative bleeding risk of the lesions was not considered when allocating the patients.

Results

The delayed postoperative bleeding rates did not differ between the two groups (with vs without second-look endoscopy, 3.0% vs 2.1%; p=0.546). However, a tumor in the upper-third of the stomach (odds ratio [OR], 5.353; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.075 to 26.650) and specimen size greater than 40 mm (OR, 4.794; 95% CI, 1.307 to 17.588) were both independent risk factors for delayed postoperative bleeding. Additionally, second-look endoscopy was not related to reduced delayed postoperative bleeding. However, delayed postoperative bleeding in the patients who did not undergo a second-look endoscopy occurred significantly earlier than that in patients who underwent a second-look endoscopy (4.5 and 14.0 days, respectively, p=0.022).

Conclusions

A routine second-look endoscopy after gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection is not necessary for all patients.     

What can be the criteria of outpatient-based endoscopic resection for colon polyp?

AIM: To investigate whether out-patient based endo-scopic mucosal resection(EMR) for colon polyps ≤ 10 mm is safe.METHODS: Between January 2004 and December 2012, a total of 3015 EMR cases conducted in 1320 patients were retrospectively reviewed. The factors contributing delayed hemorrhage were analyzed. We calculated the probability of delayed bleeding after stratifying conditions of specific risk factors.RESULTS: The size of the polyp(95%CI: 1.096-1.164, P 0.001) and patients with chronic renal failure(95%CI: 1.856-45.106, P = 0.007) were identified as independent risk factors for delayed bleeding in multi-variate analysis. 95%CI for percent of delayed bleedingaccording to polyp size was determined for the fol-lowing conditions: size ≤ 10 mm, 0.05%-0.43%; 20 mm ≥ size 10 mm, 0.54%-2.08%; size 20 mm, 4.22%-11.41%. 95%CI was determined for the risk of serious immediate bleeding for a polyp ≤ 10 mm was 0.10%-0.56%. Finally, 95%CI for percent of incomplete resection was 0.07%-0.49% in polyps ≤ 10 mm. CONCLUSION: It seems acceptable to perform outpa-tient-based EMR for colon polyps ≤ 10 mm.