心脏运动康复教育及功能训练对PCI术后出院患者心肺功能的影响

目的探讨心脏运动康复教育及功能训练对冠心病经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI)术后出院患者心肺功能的影响。方法根据抽签分组法将某院2018年8月至2019年4月PCI术后出院患者(年龄60岁)131例进行分组,对照组(n=65例,予以出院后心肺康复教育)和观察组(n=66例,在对照组基础上增加心脏运动功能训练),两组均术后训练6个月,观察两组患者心功能情况和肺功能情况。结果干预后,观察组心室射血分数(LVEF)(54.39±3.94)%高于对照组(49.35±3.26)%,左心室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)(52.15±1.05)mm及左心室收缩末期内径(LVESD)(32.65±0.52)mm小于对照组(57.15±1.01)mm、(38.25±0.77)mm (P 0.05);观察组峰值摄氧量(VO2peak)(24.62±5.32)mL/(kg·min)、无氧阈(AT)(18.23±4.21)mL/(kg·min)和峰值代谢当量(METmax)(7.35±1.24)均高于对照组(22.69±4.51)mL/(kg·min)、(17.01±2.62)mL/(kg·min)、(6.52±1.04)(P0.05)。结论心脏运动康复教育及功能训练应用于PCI术后出院患者中,可通过有氧训练和抗阻训练,改善心功能和肺功能。     

经皮冠状动脉介入术后高危患者适宜靶心率下的有氧运动对心功能影响的研究

目的：探讨经皮冠状动脉介入（PCI）术后高危患者依据心肺运动功能试验结果制定靶心率的选择方案，并探讨应用该剂量制定的运动处方对高危患者心功能及生活质量的影响。方法：选取吉林大学中日联谊医院2019年1—12月PCI术后的所有174例高危患者，康复治疗组84例患者进行心率及心律监护下以靶心率为依据的有氧运动治疗，对照组90例患者进行居家有氧运动治疗，两组均给予标准化的药物治疗、生活方式指导及心理治疗，检测患者康复治疗前后峰值摄氧量、Weber心功能及生活质量量表评分等指标。结果：两组患者年龄、体质指数、血压、空腹血糖、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇等差异无显著性意义（P>0.05）。与对照组比较，监护下康复治疗组峰值摄氧量变化值（△Peak-VO2）[(2.07±1.92)ml/（min·kg）比（-0.70±2.46）ml/（min·kg）]明显改善（P<0.0001）；无氧阈时摄氧量变化值（△AT-VO2）[(1.71±2.06)ml/（min·kg）比（-0.46±1.98）ml/min/kg]明显改善（P<0.0001）;Weber心功能级别有所改善（P=0.028）;Ma...     

高血压患者运动耐量的研究

目的通过对高血压患者心肺功能的评定,探讨高血压患者运动耐量的变化。方法选择符合入选标准的患者70例,按有无高血压分为高血压组(n=40),非高血压组(n=30),进行心肺运动试验,测定并比较两组在达最大摄氧量(VO2max)和无氧阈(AT)时的摄氧量(VO2)、二氧化碳排出量(VCO2),计算相应的代谢当量(METs)、每千克体质量摄氧量(VO2/kg);记录并比较两组的心率、血压和运动时间,计算最大心率血压乘积(RPP max)。结果高血压组与非高血压组各项指标的比较:运动时间(5.9±1.6)min vs(7.2±1.5)min,VO2max/kg(21.7±4.4)ml.min-1.kg-1vs(24.8±4.2)ml.min-1.kg-1,METs max(6.2±1.3)vs(7.1±1.2),最大心率(HR max)(141.6±14.9)次/min vs(156.5±29.1)次/min,RPP max(25.1±4.6)×103vs(28.1±6.7)×103,VO2AT/kg(19.2±3.5)ml.min-1.kg-1vs(21.5±3.7)ml.min-1.kg-1,METs AT 5....     

监控下持续靶强度有氧运动对脑卒中合并冠心病患者有氧代谢能力和体质指标的影响

目的:探讨监控下持续靶强度有氧运动对脑卒中合并冠心病患者峰值摄氧量、无氧阈等有氧代谢能力、体质指标及日常生活自理能力的影响。方法:采用随机分组方法将43例脑卒中合并冠心病患者分为常规康复治疗+常规下肢踏车训练组(A组,21例)、常规康复治疗+监控下有氧运动组(B组,22例),康复治疗8周,常规康复治疗每周5次,每日1次,每日训练时间约2.5h,A组进行常规下肢踏车训练(每周5次,20分钟/次),B组进行监控下持续靶强度有氧运动(每周5次,20min/次),比较A组和B组患者运动治疗前后峰值摄氧量、无氧阈、最大代谢当量、体重、身体质量指数、腹围、日常生活自理能力等指标差异。结果:第8周末B组患者的峰值摄氧量(16.72±2.19)ml/min/kg、无氧阈(15.40±1.79)ml/min/kg及最大代谢当量(5.07±0.60)明显高于A组;第8周末A组Barthel指数评分(69.1±7.5),B组Barthel指数评分(67.7±4.1),与治疗前相比,两组患者的日常生活自理能力均有提高。第8周末,B组患者腰围(90.36±5.83)cm、体重(64.28±4.57)kg、体重指数(24.02±1.76)kg/m2有明显下降。结论:监控下持续靶强度有氧运动可以有效改善脑卒中合并冠心病患者的有氧代谢能力和体质指标。     

心脏运动康复对PCI术后病人心肺功能和运动耐力的影响

[目的]观察个性化、标准化心脏运动康复方案对经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)术后病人心肺功能改善以及运动耐力的影响。[方法]选取2018年5月-2019年2月于我科住院治疗的51例PCI术后病人为对照组,2019年3月-2019年12月住院治疗的49例病人为试验组。对照组采用PCI围术期常规护理,试验组在对照组的基础上实施由心脏运动康复小组提供的个性化、标准化心脏运动康复方案。比较两组干预前及干预后6个月心肺运动实验指标、6 min步行试验等指标。[结果]干预后6个月试验组心肺运动试验指标最大代谢当量(METs)为(6.64±1.21)MET、无氧阈值为(14.05±1.53)kg·min、最大摄氧量(VO2max)为(1.63±0.36)L/min、最大千克摄氧量(VO2max/kg)为(22.11±3.75)mL/(kg·min)、最大氧脉搏(VO2max/HR)为(12.42±3.12)mL/beat均优于对照组(P均<0.05);6 min步行试验结果为(468.34±14.78)m,高于对照组的(435.29±15.65)m(P<0.05)。[结论]心脏运动康复方案有效改善了PCI术后病人的心肺功能和运动耐力,具有一定的临床应用价值。     

六分钟步行试验与摄氧量的相关性研究

背景:6 min步行试验是一种亚极量水平的运动试验,其操作简便、费用低廉,因而应用较广泛,然而将步行距离转换为最大运动能力是不易的.目的:课题组创新性地在6 min步行实验中引入做功的概念,将无线遥测呼吸气体分析仪同时应用于6 min步行试验和心肺运动试验,分析6 min步行试验中的距离、做功与峰值摄氧量与Bruce方案测得的最大摄氧量之间的相关性.设计、时间及地点:实验于2009-03/05在南京东南大学附属中大医院康复医学科完成.对象:健康受试者来自在中大医院康复医学科实习的学生,共25名,男14名,女11名;年龄(22.0±2.3)岁.方法:25名志愿者先按Bruce方案进行极量心肺运动试验,检测每位受试者极量运动时的最大摄氧量和无氧阈,再接受6 min步行试验,测量每位受试者的6 min步行距离、做功和峰值摄氧量.心肺运动试验和6 min步行试验均采用便携式K4b~2气体分析仪实时检测气体交换参数,以获得最大摄氧量和峰值摄氧量.主要观察指标:①摄氧量、心率、呼吸频率随时间的变化规律.②步行距离、做功、摄氧量、心率、呼吸频率的前后比较.③心肺运动试验中的最大摄氧量、无氧阈与6 min步行试验中的峰值摄氧量比较.④距离、做功与峰值摄氧量、最大摄氧量之间的相关性.结果:心肺运动试验测得的无氧阈与6 min步行试验测得的峰值摄氧量之间差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05).6 min步行距离与峰值摄氧量和最大摄氧量均无明显相关;6 min步行做功与峰值摄氧量呈线性相关(r=0.779 7,P < 0.001);6 min步行做功与最大摄氧量亦呈线性相关(r=0.894 1,P < 0.001).结论:6 min步行试验是一种无氧阈水平的运动试验.6 min步行做功既可反映受试者亚极量运动的能力,也能反映受试者极量运动的能力.     

心肺康复训练配合药物治疗对冠心病患者心肺功能指标及生活质量的影响

目的探讨心肺康复训练配合药物治疗在提升冠心病患者心肺功能指标及生活质量中的应用效果。方法选择2017年1月至2019年1月某院收治的冠心病患者90例,采用随机数表法分为两组,各45例。对照组采取药物配合常规康复治疗,研究组在此基础上配合心肺康复训练,为期8周。比较治疗前后两组心肺功能指标及生活质量的变化。结果研究组治疗后最大摄氧量(CVO_2)、无氧阈(AT)水平(22.39±2.43)L/min、(13.66±2.15)L/(kg·min)高于对照组的(17.72±2.29)L/min、(11.84±2.02)L/(kg·min),氧通气等量(VE/VO_2)水平(27.76±4.39)低于对照组的(30.21±4.60),差异有统计学意义(P0.05);研究组治疗后健康调查简表(SF-36)评分为(75.35±7.89)分,高于对照组的(68.93±7.50)分,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论心肺康复训练配合药物治疗能够改善冠心病患者心肺功能,提升患者生活质量。     

脑卒中偏瘫患者心肺运动功能评估临床研究

目的:评估脑卒中后偏瘫患者心肺运动功能,了解偏瘫患者心肺功能储备能力,探寻脑卒中偏瘫患者有氧运动康复方案。方法:选取11例脑卒中后偏瘫患者(实验组)和11例健康志愿者(对照组)进行心肺运动实验测试,比较两组受试对象心肺运动实验各指标差异。结果:两组受试对象性别、年龄、体重指数等基础指标差异无显著性。实验组峰值摄氧量(13.1±3.2 vs 22.3±6.6ml/kg/min)、无氧阈(11.2±2.9 vs 15.5±3.6ml/kg/min)、能量代谢当量(3.7±0.9 vs 6.4±1.9)、峰值氧脉搏(7.7±2.0 vs11.2±2.5ml)、峰值呼吸交换率(0.98±0.08 vs 1.15±0.11)、峰值分钟通气量(30.9±8.5 vs 55.7±17.7L/min)、峰值功率(72.5±18.8 vs 118.8±46.8w)与最大心率(117.9±14.7 vs 135.1±20.4bpm)明显低于对照组(P0.05),静息心率(81.6±11.5 vs 72.5±4.9bpm)明显高于对照组(P0.05)。实验组静息血压与峰值血压与对照组比较无显著性差异(P0.05)。结论:脑卒中偏瘫患者心肺运动功能明显低于健康人,心肺储备功能下降,脑卒中偏瘫患者的康复过程中有必要给予一定强度的有氧运动,以改善心肺运动功能,预防卒中再发和提高运动功能。     

心房颤动对微创二尖瓣术后患者静态肺功能及运动耐量的影响

目的:探究房颤对微创二尖瓣术后患者的静态肺功能及运动耐量水平的影响。方法:微创二尖瓣术后患者30例,按有无房颤分为两组,各15例,两组间基本情况保持均衡。所有患者在2013年1月1日至2014年9月30日期间进行静态肺功能及症状限制的极量心肺运动测试。肺功能由用力肺活量、第一秒用力呼气量、两者实测值分别占预计值的百分比,及1秒率表示;运动耐量用峰值时公斤摄氧量(peak VO2/kg),表示,通气效率用无氧阈时二氧化碳通气当量(VE/VCO2@AT)表示。结果:房颤组表现为轻度限制性肺通气障碍,而窦律组平均肺通气功能正常;房颤组运动耐量水平显著低于窦律组,两组peak VO2/kg分别为17.34±2.82 ml·kg-1·min-1、20.35±4.13 ml·kg-1·min-(1P=0.03);两组间VE/VCO2@AT也有显著性差异(34.48±4.16 vs 29.80±4.51,P0.01)。结论:二尖瓣术后合并房颤的患者,其肺容积及运动耐量明显低于窦律的患者,运动耐量下降的主要机制为心排血量减少。     

上肢功率车在脊髓损伤截瘫患者心肺运动试验中的应用研究

目的:观察上肢功率车在脊髓损伤(spinal cord injury,SCI)截瘫患者心肺运动试验中应用的可行性并分析SCI截瘫患者的心肺功能状态,探讨SCI截瘫患者有氧运动适合的评价指标。方法:招募20例SCI截瘫患者(试验组)及20名健康人(对照组),所有受试者在K4b2气体分析仪的监测下,采用智能主被动上肢功率车进行心肺运动试验。受试者进入实验室,休息10min后开始上肢功率车运动,转速主动控制在50—60r/min。起始功率为0W,并以每2min增加10W的幅度递增,直至测试者出现限制性症状终止试验,监测整个运动过程的心肺指标、主观劳累程度、心率、血压等。结果:测试过程中两组受试者心率、收缩压及舒张压在时间效应上存在显著差异(P0.001);试验组与对照组比较发现,峰值摄氧量(19.38±2.56ml/min/kg,26.49±3.45ml/min/kg)、最大心率(143.35±20.01bmp,170.95±11.93bmp)、无氧阈时心率(102.35±12.16bmp,120.25±10.07bmp)、呼吸交换率的最大值(1.15±0.04,1.22±0.05)、运动时间(12.55±0.61min,13.47±1.13min)差异有显著性意义(P0.01);试验组无氧阈时所对应的主观劳累程度与对照组比较,差异无显著性意义(P0.05)。试验组获得的最大心率约为预期值的67%,对照组获得的最大心率约为预期值得85%。结论:对SCI截瘫患者采用上肢功率车运动进行心肺运动试验具有一定的可行性,SCI截瘫患者的心肺功能均有不同程度下降;主观劳累程度可作为此类患者有氧运动强度的适宜参数。     

The effect of cardiac rehabilitation on recovery of heart rate over one minute after exercise in patients with coronary artery bypass graft surgery

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of cardiac rehabilitation on the recovery of heart rate over 1 min after peak exercise of patients who received coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. DESIGN: Thirty subjects who received CABG surgery were randomly assigned to enter or not enter a cardiac rehabilitation exercise programme (cardiac rehabilitation n = 15; control group n = 15). SETTING: Outpatient cardiac rehabilitation centre in a national medical hospital. INTERVENTIONS: Patients assigned to the cardiac rehabilitation group received 36 sessions of the exercise programme, three times a week, with the intensity designed to achieve an individual 60-85% peak heart rate in cardiopulmonary exercise test. Patients assigned to the control group did not get further advice about a specific exercise programme. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Resting heart rate and recovery of heart rate over 1 min after a peak exercise test at discharge and three months later were collected. The heart rates were analysed with computer-recorded electrocardiogram. RESULTS: At follow-up, the 15 patients in the cardiac rehabilitation group had a significantly lower resting heart rate (77.46+/-9.49 versus 92.31+/-10.18 bpm; p<0.001) and a significantly higher recovery of heart rate over 1 min (16.38+/-6.32 versus 11.38+4.81 bpm; p = 0.03) compared with the control group. There were also significant reductions in resting heart rates (cardiac rehabilitation p < 0.001; control p = 0.05) and improvements in recovery on heart rate over 1 min (cardiac rehabilitation p < 0.001; control p = 0.001) compared with baseline measurements in both the cardiac rehabilitation and control groups. CONCLUSION: Cardiac rehabilitation had a positive effect on the improvement of recovery on heart rate over 1 min in patients with coronary artery disease who received CABG surgery.     

An increase in urinary nitrite/nitrate excretion is associated with the hyperdynamic state after cardiovascular surgery

OBJECTIVES: To test the hypotheses (1) that nitric oxide (NO) production is stimulated after cardiovascular surgery and is related to the hyperdynamic state and (2) that NO production is more prominent in patients with cardiopulmonary bypass. DESIGN: Prospective, clinical study. SETTING: Intensive care unit in a university hospital. PATIENTS: One hundred patients after cardiovascular surgery: coronary artery bypass graft with (n=53) and without (n=17) cardiopulmonary bypass, valve surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (n=23) and thoracic aortic replacement with cardiopulmonary bypass (n=7). INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Urinary nitrite/nitrate (NOx) excretion was measured by the high-performance liquid chromatography-Griess system as an index of endogenous NO production during the first 2 postoperative days. Hemodynamic variables, hematologic variables and serum C-reactive protein concentrations were measured after the operation. Urinary NOx concentrations were 146+/-70 and 190+/-93 micro mol/l, and the amounts of NOx excreted in the urine were 23+/-10 and 18+/-8 micro mol/h on the 1st and 2nd days, respectively. Urinary NOx excretions were positively correlated with the cardiac index (P<0.01), but inversely correlated with the systemic vascular resistance index (P<0.01). Urinary NOx concentrations were positively correlated with serum C-reactive protein concentrations (P<0.01), but inversely correlated with the cardiopulmonary bypass time (P<0.01). The urinary NOx concentration was highest in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft without cardiopulmonary bypass. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest, firstly, that NO production is stimulated by a surgical inflammatory response and, secondly, that the endogenous NO contributes to the increase in cardiac output that accompanies the reduced systemic vascular resistance after cardiovascular surgery.     

心脏手术前后Tei指数及脑钠肽变化的研究

目的 探讨心脏瓣膜置换术前后Tei指数及心脏围手术期血清脑钠素(BNP)的变化规律及其意义.方法 (1)对86例行主动脉瓣或二尖瓣置换术的患者,分别于术前1个月至1周、术后1周至1个月测量Tei指数;(2)对20例在非体外循环下行冠状动脉搭桥术的冠心病患者和30例在体外循环下行心脏瓣膜置换术的风心病患者,分别于术前、术后即刻、术后24 h、3 d和7 d测量血清BNP浓度.结果 (1)主动脉瓣狭窄、主动脉瓣关闭不全及二尖瓣狭窄患者术后Tei指数都有不同程度增加,自身手术前后相比差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05或P＜0.01),而二尖瓣关闭不全患者术后Tei指数降低,但手术前后差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);(2)冠心病和风心病患者术前血清BNP浓度均明显高于正常组(P＜0.01),术后即刻与术前相似,此后迅速上升,24 h达到高峰,然后开始下降,术后7 d尚未降到术前水平;血清BNP浓度在体外循环和非体外循环下心脏手术中的变化相似,体外循环期间BNP没有进一步升高.结论 心脏瓣膜置换术后Tei指数有明显变化,因此在评价瓣膜病患者的左心室功能时应考虑到瓣膜功能不全对Tei指数的影响;血清BNP浓度在体外循环和非体外循环下心脏手术中的变化相似,体外循环期间BNP没有进一步升高.     

应用运动处方对冠状动脉搭桥术后患者生活质量的影响

目的探讨运动处方对提高冠脉搭桥术患者术后生活质量的效果。方法采用便利抽样、非同期对照的方法将105例患者分为实验组（61例）和对照组（44例）,对照组按照常规进行康复锻炼,实验组制定针对性的运动处方,并由责任护士对患者进行具体指导。比较分析两组患者术前和术后的各种考核指标。结果两组患者出院时各项指标比较差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。出院1个月后实验组基础心率、基础血压较对照组下降但差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,至3个月时实验组基础心率较对照组明显下降,差异有统计学意义[（79．764±7．41）比（82．41±7．25）次／min,t=-2．1689,P〈0．05],基础血压较对照组明显下降,氧分压较对照组明显上升（P〈0．05）,6个月时进一步改善;同时运动时最大呼吸频率也有明显下降[（33．22±2．72）比（37．56±3．52）次／min,t=-6．631,P〈0．01]。结论运动处方可有效改善冠脉搭桥术（CABC）患者术后的恢复情况,有效增加患者的运动耐受性和提高患者的生活质量。     

Evaluation of an impedance threshold device in patients receiving active compression-decompression cardiopulmonary resuscitation for out of hospital cardiac arrest

AIMS: The purpose of this multicentre clinical randomized controlled blinded prospective trial was to determine whether an inspiratory impedance threshold device (ITD), when used in combination with active compression-decompression (ACD) cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), would improve survival rates in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. METHODS AND RESULTS: Patients were randomized to receive either a sham (n = 200) or an active impedance threshold device (n = 200) during advanced cardiac life support performed with active compression-decompression cardiopulmonary resuscitation. The primary endpoint of this study was 24 h survival. The 24 h survival rates were 44/200 (22%) with the sham valve and 64/200 (32%) with the active valve (P = 0.02). The number of patients who had a return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and hospital discharge rates was 77 (39%), 57 (29%), and 8 (4%) in the sham valve group versus 96 (48%) (P = 0.05), 79 (40%) (P = 0.02), and 10 (5%) (P = 0.6) in the active valve group. Six out of ten survivors in the active valve group and 1/8 survivors in the sham group had normal neurological function at hospital discharge (P = 0.1). CONCLUSION: The use of an impedance valve in patients receiving active compression-decompression cardiopulmonary resuscitation for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest significantly improved 24 h survival rates.     

Neutrophils and platelets accumulate in the heart, lungs, and kidneys after cardiopulmonary bypass in neonatal pigs

OBJECTIVE: Cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass elicits a systemic inflammatory response. An exaggerated response is associated with organ dysfunction and increased morbidity and mortality. DESIGN: The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the cardiopulmonary bypass procedure in itself results in accumulation of isotope-labeled platelets, polymorphonuclear neutrophils, and fibrinogen at organ levels in neonatal pigs and to monitor changes in organ function. SETTING: Pediatric cardiopulmonary bypass setup with 60 mins of aortic cross-clamp time and 120 mins of hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass time. SUBJECTS: Thirty piglets were allocated to sternotomy alone (sham group, n = 15) or to sternotomy and cardiopulmonary bypass (n = 15). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Isotope-labeled autologous polymorphonuclear neutrophils, platelets, and commercially available fibrinogen were infused, and the specific accumulation at organ level was measured in a gamma counter 4 hrs after termination of cardiopulmonary bypass. Concomitant changes in oxygenation index and cardiac output were registered. Animals exposed to cardiopulmonary bypass showed a significantly higher technetium-99m-polymorphonuclear neutrophil accumulation in the lungs and kidneys, whereas indium-111-platelets accumulated in the heart and kidneys compared with the sham group. There was a significantly larger increase in oxygenation index and significantly larger decrease in cardiac output between the pre- and postcardiopulmonary bypass period in the cardiopulmonary bypass group compared with the sham group. CONCLUSIONS: The cardiopulmonary bypass procedure without cardiac surgery elicits organ dysfunction in terms of impaired respiratory and hemodynamic function. Platelets and polymorphonuclear neutrophils were entrapped in the heart, lungs, and kidneys of cardiopulmonary bypass animals, indicating that cell accumulation may contribute to the developing organ dysfunction.     

围术期应用胺碘酮预防心脏不停跳冠状动脉搭桥术后房颤的研究

目的探讨围手术期应用胺碘酮在预防非体外循环下心脏不停跳冠状动脉搭桥术后房颤中的作用。方法采用随机对照的研究方法,将2009年1月至2011年1月在我科进行非体外循环下心脏不停跳冠状动脉搭桥术的患者随机分为试验组和对照组,每组各100例。A组为试验组,术前口服胺碘酮,600mg/d(200mgtid),连续7d,之后改为200mg/d至术前,术后当天开始静脉滴注胺碘酮,负荷量为5mg/kg,之后给予维持量0.5mg.kg-1.h-1,能进食后改为200mg/d口服。B组为对照组,不给予胺碘酮治疗而仅用常规药物。观察两组患者术后房颤发生率及心率变化,同时检测试验组患者术前及术后第2天的胺碘酮血药浓度。结果两组患者的术前一般特征及手术情况相近。试验组100例患者中术后有10例(10.0%)发生房颤,对照组100例患者中有36例(36.0%)发生房颤(P=0.015)。试验组房颤时最大心室率为(126.0±20.8)次/min,房颤持续时间为1.0d,对照组房颤时最大心室率为(150.0±25.6)次/min,房颤持续时间为(3.0±1.5)d(P<0.05)。试验组术后心率慢于对照组,两组Q-T间期、术后并发症的发生及死亡率无统计学差异。试验组的住院时间为(10.6±2.8)d,对照组住院时间为(15.4±3.2)d(P<0.05)。胺碘酮血药浓度平均值术前为(797±136)ng/ml,术后第2天为(763±94)ng/ml(P>0.05)。结论胺碘酮在预防非体外循环下心脏不停跳冠状动脉搭桥术后房颤中的作用显著,能安全有效地降低术后房颤的发生率,缩短房颤持续时间,且无明显不良反应。     

风湿性心瓣膜病合并心房颤动术中护理风险分析及护理

目的探讨风湿性心瓣膜病合并心房颤动(atrial fibrillation,AF)心瓣膜置换同期射频消融术中护理风险,并总结护理要点。方法对119例风湿性心瓣膜病合并AF实施心瓣膜置换同期射频消融手术中存在的护理风险(包括水电解质和酸碱平衡紊乱、心律失常、低体温、皮肤压疮、有效循环血容量锐减、感染等风险)进行分析,并采取相应护理措施。结果本组术中11例患者主动脉开放后出现心室颤动,31例患者体外循环复温后出现低体温,1例患者主动脉开放后发现左心房顶部出血,经处理后患者手术均顺利完成;手术时间178~310min,平均(245.32±34.40)min。结论心瓣膜置换同期射频消融术治疗风湿性心瓣膜病合并AF可取得良好的治疗效果,护士做好详尽的护理风险分析,并采取有效的应对措施,是手术顺利完成的重要因素。     

综合省血方法降低心脏手术用血量

目的:探讨采用综合省血方法降低心脏手术围术期用血量的可行性和方法。方法:将104例接受心脏单瓣膜手术的患者随机分为两组:研究组(n=52)和对照组(n=52)。对研究组的患者采取综合措施,通过麻醉、体外循环、手术、术后处理等方面的措施以减少其围术期的输血率;对对照组的患者则不采取这些措施。结果:研究组36例未输血,输血率30.8%,平均用血量302.9 mL;对照组19例未输血,输血率63.5%,平均用血量538.9 mL;两组患者输血率的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:应用综合省血方法和严格的输血标准,能有效降低心脏手术围术期的输血率,并减少手术用血量。     

Effects of ulinastatin treatment on the cardiopulmonary bypass-induced hemodynamic instability and pulmonary dysfunction

OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between decreased release of proinflammatory cytokines in response to urinary trypsin inhibitor pretreatment and decreased myocardial and lung injury after cardiopulmonary bypass. DESIGN: A prospective, randomized, double-blind study. SETTING: University hospital. SUBJECTS: Thirty patients on cardiopulmonary bypass undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. INTERVENTIONS: Patients received 5000 units/kg intravenous urinary trypsin inhibitor (n = 15) or 0.9% saline (control, n = 15) immediately before aortic cannulation for cardiopulmonary bypass. MEASUREMENT AND MAIN RESULTS: Neutrophil elastase, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, and interleukin-8 were measured after intubation (T1), immediately before aortic cannulation (T2), after separation from cardiopulmonary bypass (T3), at the end of surgery (T4), and on postoperative days 1 (T5), 3 (T6), and 5 (T7). Simultaneous hematocrit values were obtained at all sample times. Isoenzyme of creatine kinase with muscle and brain subunits, troponin-T, and myosin light chain I were also measured. Various hemodynamic and pulmonary data were obtained perioperatively. Levels of neutrophil elastase and cytokines were corrected for hemodilution. Interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 levels were lower at T3 and T4 in the urinary trypsin inhibitor group than in the control group. Stroke volume index was significantly decreased in the control group at T3, and statistical difference was found between groups at T3 (p < .01). Respiratory index and intrapulmonary shunt were significantly higher in the control group than in the urinary trypsin inhibitor group at T3. Changes in respiratory index and intrapulmonary shunt correlated with interleukin-8 levels at T3 (r = .52, p < 00001; r = .37, p < 0001, respectively) and T4 (r = .44, p < .001; r = .24, p < .05, respectively). Neutrophil elastase levels and cardiac marker responses to coronary artery bypass grafting surgery were similar in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: Prepump administration of urinary trypsin inhibitor attenuates the elevation of interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 release immediately after cardiopulmonary bypass.