缬草提取物(V3d)对心血管系统的作用

缬草（ValerianaofficinalisL．）提取物V3d按序贯法给小鼠iv．求得LD50为2950mg·kg－1，按改良寇氏法ip．求得LD50为4760mp·kg－1。以其LD50（iv．）的1／10～1／20，能明显对抗小鼠由iv．乙酰胆碱──氯化钙混合液诱发的房颤（P＜0．01），也能明显对抗大鼠由结扎左冠状动脉前降支诱发的早期缺血性心律失常（P＜0．01）。LD50（iv．）的1／40能对抗氯仿诱发的小鼠心室纤颤（P＜0．05）。在0．2～0．4mg时对由高K＋诱发的犬耳壳及肾脏血管的收缩作用也有明显的对抗（P＜0．05），提示V3d抗心律失常的作用有可能与抑制高K＋诱发钙通道的开放，进而起钙拮抗作用有关。     

异丙嗪对氯胺酮催眠、镇痛作用及LD50的影响

目的：观察异丙嗪对氯胺酮催眠、镇痛效应以及半数致死量（LD50）的影响,为临床合理联合用药提供理论和实验依据。方法：观察异丙嗪对氯胺酮小鼠睡眠时间的影响,用热板法和扭体法观察异丙嗪对氯胺酮镇痛的影响,并以序贯法研究异丙嗪对小鼠氯胺酮LD50的影响。结果：异丙嗪可延长氯胺酮小鼠睡眠时间（P〈0.01）;两种测痛方法均显示异丙嗪可增强氯胺酮的镇痛作用（P〈0.01）;异丙嗪10mg/kg对氯胺酮的LD50无明显影响。结论：异丙嗪能够增强氯胺酮的催眠、镇痛效应,而不增加其毒性。     

异丙酚对氯胺酮药效学的影响

目的 探讨异丙酚与氯胺酮间的相互作用。方法 用小鼠热板法、电刺激法观察异丙酚对氯胺酮的影响。结果 异丙酚可增大氯胺酮引起的小鼠入睡率，延长小鼠睡眠时间，增强氯胺酮的镇痛作用，并能拮抗氯胺酮的升压效应。异丙酚可加重氯胺对兔的呼吸抑制，对小鼠静注氯胺酮之ＬＤ５０无明显影响。结论 异丙酚与氯胺酮组成静脉复合麻醉是合理的。     

异丙酚对氯胺酮药效学的影响

目的探讨异丙酚与氯胺酮间的相互作用。方法用小鼠热板法、电刺激法观察异丙酚对氯胺酮的影响。结果异丙酚可增大氯胺酮引起的小鼠入睡率，延长小鼠睡眠时间，增强氯胺酮的镇痛作用，并能拮抗氯胺酮的升压效应。异丙酚可加重氯胺对兔的呼吸抑制，对小鼠静注氯胺酮之ＬＤ５０无明显影响。结论异丙酚与氯胺酮组成静脉复合麻醉是合理的。     

天麻粉片改善睡眠的实验研究

目的：研究天麻粉（粒度为200～350目）制成的片剂对小鼠睡眠的改善作用。方法：健康雄性小鼠每天经口灌胃给予天麻粉片,并按所给剂量分成3组（0．25g/kg体重剂量组、0．50g／kg体重剂量组、1．50g/kg体重剂量组）,观察直接睡眠作用;连续给予30d后进行延长戊巴比妥钠睡眠时间试验、戊巴比妥钠阈下剂量催眠试验和巴比妥钠睡眠潜伏期试验。结果：天麻粉片对各剂量组无直接睡眠作用;0．5g／kg体重剂量组、1．5g/kg体重剂量组能延长戊巴比妥钠诱导的小鼠睡眠时间（P〈0．05、P〈0．01）;1．5g/kg体重剂量组能缩短巴比妥钠的睡眠潜伏期（P〈0．01）。结论：天麻粉片具有改善睡眠功能的作用。     

咪达唑仑对异氟烷小鼠镇痛、催眠作用的影响

目的观察咪达唑仑对异氟烷镇痛、催眠作用的影响。方法用热板法和扭体法建立镇痛模型,观察咪达唑仑对异氟烷镇痛作用的影响,用翻正反射法观察咪达唑仑对异氟烷催眠作用的影响。结果热板法和扭体法实验结果表明：单片用咪达唑仑对小鼠无镇痛作用,单用异氟烷可提高小鼠的痛阈,两药合用时咪达唑仑可增强异氟烷的镇痛作用（P〈0．01）。在催眠实验中,单用咪达唑仑对小鼠无催眠作用,异氟烷可以使部分小鼠入睡,两药合用时小鼠全部入睡并日．睡眠时间延长（P〈O．01）。结论咪达唑仑可明显增强异氟烷的镇痛、催眠效应。     

朱砂安神丸水煎剂对小鼠睡眠时相及大脑内γ－氨基丁酸含量的影响

目的：观察不同剂量朱砂安神丸水煎剂对小鼠睡眠时相及大脑内γ－氨基丁酸（ GABA）含量的影响,初步探讨朱砂安神丸的重镇安神作用机制。方法将80只昆明小鼠随机分为朱砂安神丸低剂量组、朱砂安神丸中剂量组、朱砂安神丸高剂量组、地西泮组、生理盐水组,每组16只,分别给予低剂量（0．5 g生药／mL）朱砂安神丸水煎剂、中剂量（1 g生药／mL）朱砂安神丸水煎剂、高剂量（2 g生药／mL）朱砂安神丸水煎剂、地西泮水溶液（1 mg／kg）及生理盐水,每天灌胃给药1次（0．1 mL／10 g）,连续灌胃8 d,末次给药后,分别腹腔注射阈下剂量（28 mg／kg）和阈剂量（50 mg／kg）戊巴比妥钠,记录小鼠的入睡情况、睡眠潜伏期和睡眠持续时间,用ELISA法测定小鼠大脑匀浆液中GABA的含量。结果与生理盐水组比较,阈下剂量戊巴比妥钠致地西泮组及朱砂安神丸低、中、高剂组小鼠入睡率明显提高（P＜0．05）,阈剂量戊巴比妥钠致地西泮组及朱砂安神丸低、中、高剂组小鼠睡眠潜伏期明显缩短（ P＜0．05）;阈剂量戊巴比妥钠致地西泮组及朱砂安神丸中、高剂量组小鼠睡眠持续时间显著延长（P＜0．05）,地西泮组及朱砂安神丸低、中、高剂量组小鼠大脑内GABA含量显著升高（P＜0．05）。结论朱砂安神丸具有良好的重镇安神作用,其作用与提高大脑内GABA含量有关。     

高、低位硬膜外腔自控镇痛对术后呼吸、循环功能的影响

目的：比较高位硬膜外腔自控镇痛（PCEA）和低位PCEA对病人后呼吸,循环功能的影响。方法：36例病人分为两组,胸部手术18例行高位PCEA（H组）,下腹部手术18例采用低位PCEA（L组）。术后均经硬膜外腔注入0.125%布比卡因加0．01％吗啡混合液行硬膜外自控镇痛。结果：两组病人组间对比呼吸频率,潮气量,肺活量,血氧饱和量（Rr,Vt,VC,SpO2)无显著差别;各组与启动自控镇痛前后比较Vt,VC改善明显（P＜0．01）。H组对血压和心率的影响较L组明显（P＜0．05）;启动PCA泵前后比较,两组均有显著性差异（P＜0．01）。结论：高位PCEA对病人的循环影响较大,可能与阻滞病人的心交感染神经关系密切;PCEA能改善病人术后呼吸功能。无论高位还是低位PCEA尖根据实际镇痛的个性情况及时调整PCA泵的各项数据,以策安全。     

消症饮的镇痛、抗炎实验研究

研究中药复方消症饮的抗炎镇痛作用,方法采用二甲苯致小鼠耳廊肿胀法致炎以及采用扭体法、热板法使小鼠致痛。结果消症饮220．0g/kg剂量组能减轻二甲苯致小鼠耳廊肿胀,对抗醛酸所致小鼠皮肤毛细血管通透性的增加,与生理盐水组比较具有显著性差异（P＜0．05,P＜0．01）;消症饮22．0g/kg,110.0g/kg,220.0g/kg3个剂量组能延长热刺激所致小鼠的痛觉的 时间,与给药前比较有显著性差异（P＜0．05,P＜0．01）,并能减少醋酸所致小鼠扭体反应动物数,提高其镇痛百分率,与生理盐水比较差异显著（P＜0．05,P＜0．01）。结论消症饮具有较强抗炎,镇痛作用。     

小鼠跖部注射NMDA或育亨宾对氯胺酮外周镇痛的拮抗作用

目的观察小鼠双后肢跖部皮下注射NMDA或育亨宾（yohimbine,Yoh）对氯胺酮（ketamine,Ket）外周镇痛作用的影响。方法100只小鼠分为以下实验组：生理盐水组（Ns组）、Ket镇痛组（Ket组）、单用药组（NMDA50组、NMDA25组、Yoh20组、Yohl0组）,合用药组（NMDA50＋Ket组、NMDA25＋Ket组、Yoh20＋Ket组、Yohl0＋Ket组）,每组10只。小鼠双后肢跖部皮下注射17g/L氯胺酬5μl建立镇痛模型,合用药组给予氯胺酮前3min于相同部位注射NMDA（50ng或25ng）或育亨宾（20μg或10μg）,用热板法观察小鼠热板法痛阈（painthreshold in hot—plate test,HPPT）的变化。结果小鼠跖部注射氯胺酮后HPPT明显延长（P〈0．01）;单独沣射工具药对HPPT无明显影响（P〉0．05）;注射NMDA或育亨宾均能缩短氯胺酮镇痛小鼠的HP阳（P〈0．01或P〈0．05）。结论注射NMDA或育亨宾均能拮抗氯胺酮的局部镇痛效应,氯胺酮的外周镇痛作用与NMDA受体和肾上腺素α2受体密切相关。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Development on Adjustable Calibration Marker for Shock Wave Focus

Shock wave lithotripsy （SWL） is a treatment of choice for upper urinary stones. However, this procedure is inappropriate for obese patients because the focus is often unable to reach the target owing to the limited focal distance in shock wave source. Although treating such patients in a blast path may increase the application length of shock wave source, it＇s difficult to find this path on the lithotripter monitor. For this reason, we invented an adjustable calibration marker in order to set an effective focus in the shock wave hath.     

Study on the TCM Pathogenesis of Angiopathic Complications of Type II Diabetes

Excess production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)of mitochondrion mediated by hyperglycemia is the common pathogenesis of angiopathic complications of diabetes.TCM holds that the damp from the dysfunction of spleen.kidney and liver is the causative factor of complications of diabetes.This is similar to the mechanism of Ros resulting in angiopathic complications of diabetes.When the angiopathic complications of type II diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are difierentiated as caused by turbid damp in TCM can be explained as ROS.Since the obstruction of pathogenic damp in channels and collaterals is said to be the main pathogenesis,the treating principle should be dissolving the damp to remove the obstruction.     

Leptin, Ghrelin and TNF-α before and after Hypo-caloric Traditional Chinese Diet and Auricular Acupuncture

INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex emergent problem, which can be possibly solved not only by the diet but also by the life style and promotion of a constant physical exercise. 1, 2 No doubt careful attentions must be given to the nutritional condition of obese people, the dietary habits, the somatic build (i.e. distribution of fat mass) and the organic functions linked to formation of the fat mass. All the parameters should be constantly monitored before, during and after a diet treatment. 3, 4, 5     

Relationship between Dysglycemia and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Tibetan Population

People with dysglycemia are at high risk for atherosclerotic diseases. This study aims at investigating the atherosclerotic vascular damage in dysglycemia and its metabolic origin in Tibetan population.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.