胰体尾切除术后胰腺残端处理对胰液漏发生的影响

目的 探讨胰体尾切除术后胰腺残端的不同处理方式对胰液漏发生的影响.方法 回顾性分析2000年至2009年上海交通大学医学院附属仁济医院收治的124例行胰体尾切除术患者的临床资料.2000年至2005年,患者行单纯间断褥式缝合处理胰腺残端(单纯组,63例);2006年至2009年,患者行改良的主胰管缝扎+间断褥式交锁缝合处理胰腺残端(联合组,61例).比较两组患者术后胰液漏发生情况、住院时间和医疗费用等指标.计量资料采用t检验,计数资料采用x2检验.结果 单纯组患者术后胰液漏发生率为35％ (22/63),其中高流量胰液漏10例,住院时间(52 ±8)d,医疗费用(66 400±7450)元;联合组患者术后胰液漏发生率为15％(9/61),无高流量胰液漏患者,住院时间(16±5)d,医疗费用(28 000 ±2530)元,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(x2=7.24、3.17,t =2.89、2.93,P＜0.05).结论主胰管缝扎+间断褥式交锁缝合法能有效减少术后胰液漏和高流量胰液漏的发生,缩短术后住院时间及降低医疗费用.     

胰十二指肠切除术中胰肠吻合方式的选择策略

目的 评价胰肠吻合方式选择策略在胰十二指肠切除术中应用的临床效果.方法 回顾性分析2007年6月至2012年6月第四军医大学西京医院收治的455例行胰十二指肠切除术患者的临床资料.对于胰管直径≥4 mm的患者采用胰管空肠黏膜吻合术(胰管空肠黏膜吻合组,210例);对于胰管直径＜4 mm的患者,其胰肠吻合术式由胰腺残端直径和空肠管腔口径决定,空肠管腔口径＜胰腺残端直径者选择改良Child胰肠吻合(改良Child胰肠吻合组,140例),空肠管腔口径≥胰腺残端直径者选用捆绑式胰肠吻合(捆绑式胰肠吻合组,105例).比较分析各组临床疗效及术后并发症发生率.计数资料采用x2检验,计量资料采用t检验.结果 胰管空肠黏膜吻合组的胰管直径为(4.4±0.7)mm,显著大于改良Child胰肠吻合组的(2.8±0.6)mm和捆绑式胰肠吻合组的(2.3 ±0.7)mm(t =2.25,2.48,P＜0.05).改良Child胰肠吻合组胰腺残端直径为(36 ±5)mm,显著大于捆绑式胰肠吻合组的(21 ±6)mm(t =21.65,P＜0.05).总体胰液漏发生率为8.4％(38/455).3组患者胰液漏、腹腔出血、腹腔感染、消化功能异常、平均住院时间比较,差异无统计学意义(x2=0.53,0.88,1.63,5.34,F=2.53,P＞0.05).结论 在胰十二指肠切除术中根据胰管直径、胰腺残端直径和空肠管腔口径合理选择胰肠吻合方式可取得较好的临床效果.     

胰体尾切除术后并发胰瘘的防治

目的 探讨胰体尾切除术后胰瘘的预防及治疗措施.方法 回顾性分析2000-2009年124例胰体尾部切除病例,包括胰腺恶性肿瘤86例,胰腺假性囊肿及良性肿瘤12例,胃肠肿瘤侵犯胰体尾18例,慢性胰腺炎合并胰体尾囊肿3例,外伤5例.以单纯间断褥式缝合(A组)处理胰腺残端63例;以改良的主胰管缝扎+间断褥式交锁缝合(B组)处理胰腺残端61例.所有患者均放置负压引流,术后均常规应用生长抑素.结果 A组63例中22例术后发生胰瘘,发生率为34.9％,其中高流量胰瘘10例,低流量胰瘘12例;B组61例中9例术后发生胰瘘,发生率为14.7％,无高流量胰瘘.两组胰瘘患者中,A组住院天数明显延长(P＜0.01),术后医疗费用明显增加(P＜0.01).结论 主胰管缝扎+间断褥式交锁缝合的手术方法可减少术后胰瘘的发生,有助于减少住院天数及术后医疗费用.     

生物膜包裹残端预防胰腺远端切除术后胰漏的实验研究

目的 探讨猪胰腺远端切除后牛心包生物膜包裹残端对术后胰漏的预防作用,评价该材料在胰腺手术中应用的安全性及可行性.方法 小型猪32只随机分成对照组(n=16)与实验组(n=16),2组均接受胰腺远端切除手术,对照组远端胰腺切除后采用传统的单纯手工缝合法,实验组则先用牛心包生物膜包裹住胰腺残端,用同样缝线穿过被裹住的胰腺组织后手工缝合;测定各组术后每日腹腔引流量及引流液淀粉酶水平至术后第10天,判断胰漏情况;术后3周处死动物,观察腹内情况并取残端胰腺组织作病理学检查.结果 实验组胰漏率低于对照组(6.2％比46.7％,P＜0.05),术后引流量实验组低于对照组(25.1 ml比54.2 ml,P＜0.01),术后3周剖腹探查,两组实验动物未见明显差异;胰腺残端组织病理结果两组均显示炎症细胞浸润并伴有少许坏死组织. 结论 胰腺远端切除术后,利用牛心包生物膜包裹残端后缝合可有效减少术后胰漏的发生,是安全可行的.     

福爱乐医用胶在胰腺切除术中的应用

胃上部癌常浸润胰体尾 ,治疗往往须采用全胃联合脾、胰体尾切除术 ;胃下部癌如浸润胰头 ,须联合行胰头十二指肠切除术。此类手术的术后常见并发症是胰腺残端瘘。其渗漏的胰液中含有多种消化酶 ,与腹腔渗液混合造成化学性腹膜炎及腹腔感染。经多种治疗往往长期不愈 ,为控制感染而置放腹腔的引流管也长期不能拔去 ,给病人带来很大的精神负担。既往 ,为预防术后胰腺瘘的发生 ,临床医生多把注意力集中在胰腺断端的缝合上。有学者主张严密缝合胰腺残端 ,预防胰液渗漏 ;也有学者认为 ,严密缝合胰腺残端更易使缝扎处的胰腺组织坏死脱落 ,增加胰瘘发…     

胰腺厚度对胰体尾切除术后胰漏的影响

目的:探讨胰腺厚度与胰体尾切除术后胰漏发生率的关系。方法 :回顾性分析我院2014年12月至2015年12月收治的行胰体尾切除术156例病人的临床资料,根据术后胰漏情况分为术后胰漏组和无胰漏组,比较两组病人胰腺切缘厚度。再根据中位胰腺厚度分为厚胰腺组和薄胰腺组,比较应用手工缝合法和切割闭合器法处理胰腺残端时两组病人的胰漏发生情况。结果:胰漏组病人胰腺厚度明显大于无胰漏组病人[(26.80±4.95)mm比(24.17±5.86)mm,P0.05)。结论 :胰腺厚度是胰体尾切除术后胰漏的危险因素。对肥厚的胰腺可优先考虑手工缝合,或在切割闭合器的基础上行手工缝合加强,对减少胰漏可能有效。     

切割闭合器在胰体尾切除术中的应用

目的 探讨切割闭合器(Endo-GIA stapler)在胰体尾切除术中应用的安全性及疗效.方法 对2011年5月至2012年1月我院收治的胰体尾切除术患者资料进行回顾性分析.根据胰腺断端处理方法不同分成两组,一组采用Endo-GIA法,共30例,另一组采用手工缝合法,共80例；分别对两组手术时间、出血量、输血率、术后并发症、总住院费用等分析比较.结果 两组患者手术均顺利完成,无围手术期死亡.两组患者手术时间、术中出血量、输血率,以及术后胰漏、腹腔出血、腹腔积液、腹腔感染等并发症发生率差别无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 切割闭合器(Endo-GIA stapler)处理胰腺残端安全可靠,疗效明确.     

改良套叠式胰空肠吻合术应用石蕊试纸和纤维蛋白胶预防胰漏47例体会

目的 总结降低胰十二指肠切除术后胰空肠吻合口漏发病率的经验体会。方法 切除胰头后，将胰腺残端游离2．5～3．0cm，利用红色石蕊试纸遇碱性胰液变蓝的特性，帮助寻找胰腺断面被横断的小导管，丝线贯穿缝扎。将空肠袢断端2．0～2．5cm浆肌层剥除后施行套叠式胰空肠端端吻合，距浆肌层游离缘1．0～1．5cm处空肠上下壁各缝1针固定，最后用纤维蛋白胶封闭吻合口。结果 47例患者中无一例发生胰空肠吻合口漏。结论 该法操作较简便，适用于胰腺残端各种情况的处理。     

胰腺残端处理方式对胰体尾切除术后胰瘘的影响

目的探讨预防胰体尾切除术后胰瘘的胰腺残端处理方式。方法回顾性分析我院1996至2008年186例因胰腺或胰外病变行胰体尾切除术患者的临床资料,胰腺残端处理方法分别为：结扎主胰管、残端结扎、间断缝合、Prolene线连续缝合、胰腺空肠吻合及闭合器钉合六种方式,比较上述六种方式对术后胰瘘的影响并行统计学分析。结果186例患者中围手术期死亡5例（2．7％）,术后总并发症发生率34．9％（65／186）,胰瘘发生率21．0％（39／186）。8例胰腺残端结扎术后4例发生胰瘘,11例胰腺空肠吻合患者无胰瘘发生;17例Endo—GIA关闭胰腺残端者有胰瘘4例;结扎主胰管组、连续缝合组、间断缝合组胰瘘发生率分别为13．9％（5／36）、15．6％（10／64）、32．0％（16／50）,前两者与后者差别具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论胰体尾切除术中残端结扎和间断缝合容易发生胰瘘,选择性缝扎主胰管或Prolene线连续缝合能降低胰瘘发生率,尤其后者更简单易行。近端胰管梗阻患者可选用胰肠吻合预防胰瘘;闭合器钉和胰腺残端要根据胰腺大小和质地选择性使用。     

胰体尾切除术中残端闭合与胰肠吻合的疗效对比

目的 对比胰体尾切除术（distal pancreatectomy,DP）中胰腺残端切闭联合手工缝合与胰腺-空肠端端吻合的疗效。方法 回顾性分析2017年9月至2019年3月昆明医科大学第二附属医院肝胆胰外科三病区收治的64例行胰体尾切除术患者的临床资料。根据胰腺残端处理方式分为两组：残端闭合组：DP术中胰腺使用切割闭合器切闭后联合手工加强缝合（n=30）;胰肠吻合组：DP术中胰腺残端与空肠端端套入式吻合（n=34）。观察指标包括两组的一般资料、胰腺质地、手术时间、术中出血量、术后胰瘘发生率、出血等并发症、总住院天数、费用。结果 64例均手术成功。胰肠吻合组中术后发生胰瘘5例,且均为软胰腺患者;而残端闭合组术后发生胰瘘11例,其中软胰腺7例,硬胰腺4例;胰肠吻合组术后胰瘘发生率明显低于残端闭合组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;比较两组胰瘘分级、术中出血量、术后出血等并发症,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;另对于两组手术时间、总住院时间、住院总费用的比较,胰肠吻合组均大于残端闭合组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 DP术中胰腺残端使用胰肠-空肠端端吻合可有效降低术后胰瘘发生率,且对于胰腺质地硬者效果更佳,安全可行,值得推广。     

Natural history of the pancreatic stump after duodenopancreatectomy of the pancreatic head

Major complications following pancreaticoduodenectomy are thought to be chiefly associated with exocrine secretion of the pancreatic remnant which is not well known. This work aims to assess the exocrine secretion of the pancreatic remnant within the early post-operative period. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Seventy-five patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy for presumed tumour were included in a prospective multicentre study. A tube was inserted in the pancreatic duct at the time of construction of the pancreatic anastomosis. Peripancreatic drainage was routinely used. Pancreatic juice and peripancreatic drainage fluid were collected and measured and pancreatic enzyme monitored. For 7 days patients received total parenteral nutrition and continuous infusion of randomly Somatostatin 14 (S-14) at a dose of 6 mg/24 h (days 1-6) and 3 mg/24 h (day 7) or matching placebo. Pancreatic fistula was defined as a daily drainage of more than 100 cc of amylase-rich fluid after day 3, persisting after day 12 or associated with symptoms or needing specific treatment. RESULTS: Daily output of pancreatic juice was low during the first postoperative day and then increased gradually until day 5. A high enzyme concentration was observed in pancreatic juice on the first post-operative day. S-14 infusion resulted in a significant decrease of both pancreatic fistula rate and enzyme concentration in peripancreatic fluid. CONCLUSIONS: During the first postoperative days, the outflow of the exocrine secretion of the pancreatic remnant is low but contains a high enzyme concentration with significant leaks within the peripancreatic area. S-14 infusion results in a decrease of pancreatic juice leaks from the pancreatic remnant.     

胰腺星状细胞与胰腺癌血管生成的关系

胰腺癌危害严重,血管生成对于胰腺癌的发展有重要意义.胰腺星状细胞（PSC）是胰腺癌ECM的主要来源,为肿瘤细胞的生长提供有利的微环境.PSC能够在离体和在体水平促进胰腺癌血管生成,而对胰腺癌血管生成的深入研究有助于明确肿瘤的发展和转移规律,为细胞和分子水平治疗胰腺癌开辟新途径.     

The role of pancreatic resection in the treatment of pancreatic pseudocysts

Complicated pancreatic pseudocysts, including multiple pseudocysts, those that have failed prior internal or external drainage, those with associated biliary or pancreatic duct strictures and those where the diagnosis of cystic neoplasm cannot be excluded, pose unique problems in terms of treatment by standard internal or external drainage techniques. In the series reported herein, pancreatic resection (pylorus-sparing pancreaticoduodenectomy or distal pancreatectomy) was used to treat patients with these complicated pseudocyts resulting in a 59% morbidity rate, 3% mortality rate, and 6% recurrence rate. Results from a collective series of 152 patients from the literature support these findings. Although pancreatic resection has a limited role in the management of patients with uncomplicated pancreatic pseudocysts, it is the treatment of choice in patients with complicated pancreatic pseudocysts.     

Application of the pancreatic adenocarcinoma staging system to pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors

BACKGROUND: The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) 6(th) edition staging system for pancreatic adenocarcinoma specifically excludes pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs), and a widely accepted staging classification does not exist. Our objective was to evaluate the feasibility of applying the AJCC pancreatic adenocarcinoma staging system to PNETs. STUDY DESIGN: Patients with PNETs were identified from the National Cancer Data Base (1985 to 2004). Overall survival was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared using the log-rank test. Cox proportional hazards modeling was used to evaluate the effect of tumor size, nodal status, and distant metastases on survival. RESULTS: Of 4,793 patients with PNETs, 93.6% were of islet cell origin, and 6.4% were carcinoid tumors; 1,815 (37.9%) underwent resection. Overall 5-year survival rates were 29.2% for all patients, 55.4% for resected patients, and 15.6% for unresected patients. The AJCC staging system provided good prognostic survival discrimination between stage groups for resected patients (p < 0.0001). When comparing outcomes to those of patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma, the estimated median survival was significantly better for resected patients with PNETs (60 versus 13 months, p < 0.0001). Distant metastasis was the only independent predictor of survival (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: When applied to PNETs, the AJCC staging system for pancreatic adenocarcinoma provides survival discrimination by stage for surgical and nonsurgical patients. Survival rates are better for PNETs than for pancreatic adenocarcinoma, but the staging system can effectively stratify patients with PNETs.     

胰腺手术中残存胰体尾的保留

目的 探讨胰腺手术中如何保留残存的胰体尾.方法 7例行胰腺手术中,3例胰肠吻合口裂开,4例胰颈体部良性肿瘤切除,术中用主胰管导管桥式内引流将胰液引至临近的空肠袢内,均成功保留了残存的胰体尾.结果 术后经支持治疗,持续腹腔冲洗,抑制胰酶分泌,术后内分泌功能基本正常,顺利出院.结论 主胰管导管桥式内引流术,在保留残存胰体尾组织方面具有方法简单、快捷,可有效地保存胰腺的内、外分泌功能,改善患者术后的生活质量.     

胰腺手术中残存胰体尾的保留

目的 探讨胰腺手术中如何保留残存的胰体尾.方法 7例行胰腺手术中,3例胰肠吻合口裂开,4例胰颈体部良性肿瘤切除,术中用主胰管导管桥式内引流将胰液引至临近的空肠袢内,均成功保留了残存的胰体尾.结果 术后经支持治疗,持续腹腔冲洗,抑制胰酶分泌,术后内分泌功能基本正常,顺利出院.结论 主胰管导管桥式内引流术,在保留残存胰体尾组织方面具有方法简单、快捷,可有效地保存胰腺的内、外分泌功能,改善患者术后的生活质量.     

Laparoscopic pancreatic resection of pancreatic cancer

Laparoscopic pancreatic resection of pancreatic cancer is still not universally accepted as an alternative approach to open surgery because of technical difficulties and a lack of consensus regarding the adequacy of this approach for malignancy. Ten patients with pancreatic cancer underwent laparoscopic pancreatic resection, including pancreaticoduodenectomy and distal pancreatectomy in our institution. Eight of the 10 patients recovered without any complications and were discharged on the 10-29th postoperative day. The remaining 2 patients developed pancreatic fistula and were discharged on the 46 and 60th postoperative day, respectively. All lesions were well clear of surgical margins in 6 patients (R0). In the remaining 4 patients, microscopic neoplastic change was found at the surgical margin (R1). Those 4 patients developed tumor recurrence, including liver metastases or peritoneal dissemination, and 3 of the 4 died of the primary disease. Although experience is limited, laparoscopic pancreatic resection of pancreatic cancer can be feasible, safe, and effective in carefully selected patients. However, the benefit of this procedure has yet to be confirmed. Not only adequate experience in pancreatic surgery but also expertise in laparoscopy is mandatory, and careful selection of patients is essential for successful application of this procedure.