兔防御素对耐药绿脓杆菌的抗菌活性及机制研究

目的　探讨兔中性粒细胞防御素对绿脓杆菌耐药株的抗菌活性及其作用机制。方法　用柠檬酸抽提法 ,从家兔中性粒细胞溶酶体中提出防御素粗制品 ,经酸性尿素聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳 (AU- PAGE)分离纯化。体外采用微量琼脂糖扩散实验 ,观察兔中性粒细胞防御素 NP2 对绿脓杆菌 ATCC2 785 3及其多重耐药株的抗菌活性 ,透射电镜观察防御素作用后绿脓杆菌各株超微结构的变化。结果　采用柠檬酸抽提法和酸性尿素聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳成功地分离纯化出兔中性粒细胞防御素 NP2 。 NP2 对绿脓杆菌 ATCC2 785 3及其多重耐药株有明显的抗菌活性 ,抗菌活性随防御素浓度升高而增强。透射电镜观察显示 ,防御素作用后的菌株细胞膜不连续 ,胞内成分固缩 ,伴空泡形成 ,胞间有大量漏出物。结论　家兔中性粒细胞防御素 NP2 对绿脓杆菌多重耐药株具有杀菌活性。透射电镜观察结果提示了防御素对靶细胞膜损伤的杀菌机理     

兔中性粒细胞抗菌肽的纯化和鉴定

作者用0.01 mol/L柠檬酸提取家兔中性粒细胞溶酶体可溶性成份,经制备性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳,从提取物中纯化出5种肽(NP_1、NP_2、NP_3、NP_4、NP_5),它们的分子量在2500～6000之间,体外杀白色念珠菌试验证实,NP_1、NP_2有高效杀菌活性,NP_3也有较强的杀菌活性。     

去氢骆驼蓬碱体外杀菌作用的研究

目的：研究去氢骆驼蓬碱在体外的杀菌作用。方珐：采用试管法检测去氢骆驼蓬碱对金黄色葡萄球菌、乙型溶血性链球菌、绿脓杆菌、大肠杆菌、伤寒沙门菌、福氏志贺菌和白色念珠菌的最小杀菌浓度(MBC)及对金黄色葡萄球菌、绿脓杆菌、白色念珠菌的时间-杀菌曲线。结果：去氢骆驼蓬碱对6种细菌的MBC为125～250μg／ml，对白色念珠菌的MBC为800μg／ml。杀菌曲线表明，其可分别在6h和24h内完全杀死10^6 cfu／ml的绿脓杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌。结论：去氢骆驼蓬碱在体外对多种细菌和真菌具有较强的杀菌作用。     

单克隆抗体治疗烧伤创面绿脓杆菌感染的初步探讨

绿脓杆菌是烧伤感染的主要病原菌之一，用淋巴细胞杂交瘤技术制备抗绿脓杆菌单克隆抗体进行保护小鼠抗绿脓杆菌感染实验，获满意效果，再用人体单层中性粒细胞技术，体外检测了抗绿脓杆菌Ｉ群１０ｌｌ５株单克隆抗体（Ａ４和Ｄ４）的调理吞噬活性，证明其可显著增强人体中性粒细胞对绿脓杆菌的吞噬，应用于烧伤创面绿脓杆菌感染的治疗，亦获良好疗效。     

溶葡萄球菌酶对创面肉芽组织抗菌效果的临床研究

目的研究溶葡萄球菌酶在体外和创面肉芽组织中对金黄色葡萄球菌等几种有代表性的常见创面感染菌的抗菌效果.方法用体外药敏试验观察了溶葡萄球菌酶对金黄色葡萄球菌、白色念珠菌和铜绿假单孢菌抗菌效果;并用组织细菌定量分析的方法分析了溶葡萄球菌酶对29例Ⅲ度面积10%～30%总体表面积(total body surface area,TB-SA)的烧伤患者残留创面肉芽组织中金黄色葡萄球菌的抗菌效果.结果溶葡萄球菌酶对金黄色葡萄球菌有很强的抗菌效果,对白色念珠菌也有明显的抗菌效果;对铜绿假单孢菌的抗菌效果较差.溶葡萄球菌酶纱布在烧伤残留创面连续使用3 d后,能杀死肉芽组织中89.2%的细菌.证明溶葡萄球菌酶能有效控制肉芽组织中的细菌数量.同时,杀菌纱布所含成分是生物酶类,使用后未见全身不良反应.结论溶葡萄球菌酶除了对金黄色葡萄球菌有很强的杀菌作用外,对白色念珠菌也有很好的杀菌作用,溶葡萄球菌酶可以作为控制中晚期烧伤残余创面金黄色葡萄球菌感染非常有效的局部用药.     

苦参泡腾片体外抗菌作用的实验观察

目的：检测苦参泡腾片对常见病原菌的体外抗菌作用。方法：用试管法对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、痢疾杆菌、绿脓杆菌和白色念珠菌进行抑菌试验。用试管法和平皿划线培养法进行杀菌试验。结果：苦参总碱对上述病原菌的抑菌浓度／杀菌浓度分别为：3．12／6．25（g／L）,3．12／12．5（g／L）,1．56／6．25（g／L）,6．25／12．5（g／L）,3．12／6．25（g／L）。结论：苦参总碱对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、痢疾杆菌、绿脓杆菌和白色念珠菌都具有抗菌作用。     

复方三黄酊体外抑菌活性的研究

目的 评价两种不同工艺制备的抗感染药物复方三黄酊的体外抗菌活性。方法 采用抑菌圈试验和胰酪大豆胨液体培养基稀释法对大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、铜绿假单胞菌、沙门氏菌和白色念珠菌进行体外抑菌试验,进行了最低抑菌浓度(MIC)和最低杀菌浓度(MBC)的试验研究。结果 两种工艺制备的抗感染药物复方三黄酊对金黄色葡萄球菌、铜绿假单胞菌和白色念珠菌具有较强的抑菌和杀菌活性,以金黄色葡萄球菌较为敏感。结论 本院生产的抗感染药物复方三黄酊具有明显的体外抑菌活性。     

聚维酮碘泡腾片杀菌效果测定

目的：研究聚维酮碘泡腾片对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌和白色念珠菌的杀菌效果。方法：采用定量杀菌试验方法，用不同有效碘含量的样品溶液分别对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌和白色念珠菌作杀菌试验。结果：用2g/L有效碘溶液对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌作用1min，白色念珠菌作用6min;1g/L有效碘溶液对金黄色葡萄球菌作用3min、大肠杆菌作用1min，白色念珠菌作用6min;0.5g/L有效碘溶液对金黄色葡萄球菌作用3min、大肠杆菌作用3min，白色念珠菌作用12min,杀灭率均为99.99%。其杀菌作用随着有效碘含量与作用时间增加而加强，有机物对杀菌效果有轻微影响。结论：本品杀菌效果显著，是一种理想的消毒杀菌剂。     

4种外科手消毒剂杀菌性能实验比较研究

目的：对4种用于外科手消毒剂进行杀菌性能实验,为临床外科手消毒剂的使用提供最佳的使用方法。方法：将4种外科手消毒剂采用纸片扩散法对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、绿脓杆菌、白色念珠菌进行杀菌实验。结果：安尔碘、丹尼尔对4种致病菌有杀菌效果;健之素碘、洁芙柔消毒凝胶对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌杀菌效果显著,对绿脓杆菌、白色念珠菌无杀菌作用。结论：临床上在使用外科手消毒剂时应将传统刷手消毒方式和免洗刷手方式联合使用,既可以扩大消毒剂的消毒抗菌范围,也可以由于免洗消毒剂中含有护肤因子保护了医护人员皮肤,更重要的是减少了使用一种消毒剂消毒不彻底带来的后顾之忧。     

我院中药制剂妇科洗的体外抑菌作用

目的研究中药制剂妇科洗对临床常见细菌的体外抑菌效果。方法 96孔板微量肉汤稀释法,2,3,5-氯化三苯基四氮唑(ttc)显色法分别测定妇科洗药液对金黄色葡萄球菌(sa)、大肠埃希菌、白色念珠菌的体外抑菌作用,测定3种实验菌种的最低抑菌浓度(Mic)及最低杀菌浓度(MBc)。结果妇科洗药液对实验菌株呈现不同程度的敏感,对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌、白色念珠菌的Mic分别为:500 mg/ml、1000 mg/ml、31.25 mg/ml。妇科洗药液对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌、白色念珠菌的MBc分别为:500 mg/ml、1000 mg/ml、31.25 mg/ml。结论中药制剂妇科洗对白色念珠菌具有较好的体外抑菌和杀菌活性。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.