保留脾血管和脾脏的胰体尾切除手术

Background  Distal pancreatectomy traditionally included splenectomy; the spleen, however, is an important organ in the immunologic defense of the host and is worthy of preservation. The aim of this research was to study the feasibility, safety and clinical effects of spleen and splenic vessel-preserving distal pancreatectomy.

Methods  A retrospective review was performed for 26 patients undergoing distal pancreatectomy for benign or low grade malignant disease with splenectomy (n=13) or splenic preservation (n=13) at the First Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University and Guangdong General Hospital in Southern China from May 2002 to April 2009.

Results  All 26 pancreatectomies with splenectomy or splenic preservation were performed successfully. There was no statistically significant difference between two groups in mean operative time ((172±47) minutes vs. (157±52) minutes, P >0.05), intraoperative estimated blood loss ((183±68) ml vs. (160±51) ml, P >0.05), incidence of noninfectious and infection complication and mean length of postoperative hospital stay ((10.1±2.2) days vs. (12.1±4.6) days, P >0.05). The platelet counts examined one week after operation were significantly higher in the distal pancreatectomy with splenectomy group than the other group ((37.3±12.8)×10⁹/L vs. (54.7±13.2)×10⁹/L, P <0.05).

Conclusions  Spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy appears to be a feasible and safe procedure. In selected cases of benign or low-grade malignant disease, spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy is recommended.

     

Hand-assisted laparoscopic splenectomy for splenomegaly: a comparative study with conventional laparoscopic splenectomy

Background Laparoscopic splenectomy (LS) has been considered as the standard approach to remove a normal-sized spleen, but it is facing technical challenges when applied to splenomegaly. Hand-assisted laparoscopic technique was designed to facilitate the performance of difficult laparoscopic procedure. This study was aimed to evaluate the efficacy and superiority of hand-assisted laparoscopic splenectomy (HALS) for splenomegaly.Methods From November 1994 to January 2006, 36 patients with splenomegaly (final spleen weight &gt;700 g) were treated with laparoscopic operations for splenectomy in our hospital. Conventional LS was performed in 16 patients (7 men and 9 women, group 1) and HALS in the other 20 patients (12 men and 8 women, group 2). The patients’ features, intraoperative details and the postoperative outcomes in the both groups were compared.Results The both groups were comparable in the terms of patient’s age ((38±12) years vs (43±14)years, P&gt;0.05), the greatest splenic diameter ((24±5)cm vs (27±7)cm, P&gt;0.05), preoperative platelet count ((118±94)×10(9)/L vs (97±81)×10(9)/L, P&gt;0.05) and diagnosis. Compared with LS group, operation time ((195±71) minutes vs (141±64) minutes, P&lt;0.05) was shorter, intraoperative blood loss ((138±80)ml vs (86±45)ml, P&lt;0.05) and conversion rate (4/16 vs 0/20, P&lt;0.05) were lower, but hospital stay ((5.3±3.8) days vs (7.4±1.6) days, P&lt;0.05) was longer in HALS group. There was no significant difference in the aspects of intraoperative and postoperative complication rate (2/16 vs 0/20, P&gt;0.05) or recovery time of gastrointestinal function ((16.3±11.6) hours vs (18.7±8.1)hours, P&gt;0.05) between the two groups.Conclusions In the cases of splenomegaly, HALS significantly facilitates the surgical procedure and reduces the operational risk, while maintaining the advantages of conventional LS. HALS is more feasible and more effective than conventional LS for the removal of splenomegaly.     

腹腔镜巨脾切除术的学习曲线

Background Laparoscopic splenectomy (LS) for massive splenomegaly is more technically challenging than for a normal-sized spleen.The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of operative exper...     

彩色多普勒在动静脉瘘术前血管选择中的应用

目的明确对于肾衰患者应用彩色多普勒技术在动静脉瘘术前选择符合标准的血管的价值。方法将30例经术前彩色多普勒探测选择血管行上肢动静脉瘘的尿毒症患者和30例仅由临床常规术前选择血管的相应病人对比,根据术后4～6周瘘道血流状态进行彩色多普勒观察和分析。结果 30例经术前超声选择血管造瘘成功率为100%,30例盲目选择血管造瘘成功率为86.6%,P〈0.05。结论术前使用彩色多普勒超声探测对肾衰患者动静脉瘘血管进行优化选择,有助于提高造瘘成功率。     

彩色多普勒超声在终末期肾病患者自体动静脉内瘘术前评估及术后监测中的应用

目的 探讨彩色多普勒超声在自体动静脉内瘘术前评估及术后监测中的应用。 方法 回顾性分析2016年1月1日至2017年12月31日山东大学齐鲁医院行自体动静脉内瘘手术终末期肾病患者312例临床资料。根据有无术前彩色多普勒超声评估分为评估组和未评估组,比较两组手术成功率及手术时间;评估组术前、术后均使用彩色多普勒超声观察桡动脉及头静脉内径、血流情况。统计分析检测结果。 结果 评估组手术成功率明显高于未评估组(99.27% vs 93.71%),差异有统计学意义(P=0.01),手术时间明显低于未评估组［(52.55±16.35)min vs(65.40±20.25)min］,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。评估组术后桡动脉内径［(0.28±0.03)cm vs(0.20±0.03)cm］及血流量［(348.49±64.59)mL/min vs(90.04±61.05)mL/min］较术前明显提高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001);评估组术后头静脉内径［(0.33±0.05)cm vs(0.21±0.04)cm］及血流量［(537.88±102.53)mL/min vs(25.38±18.51)mL/min］较术前明显提高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。 结论 彩色多普勒超声可指导自体动静脉内瘘术前评估,提高手术成功率、缩短手术时间,可监测手术前后血管内径和血流情况,评估内瘘功能。     

SUBTOTAL SPLENECTOMY IN CIRRHOTIC PATIENTS

lve cirrhotic patients underwent subtotal splenectomy. The operative technique involved pre- servation of anatomic segments and suture of an omental patch to the residual spleen. With knowledge on segmental vascular anatomy in splenomegaly, sub- total splenic resection can be readily accomplished with ease and safety. Follow-up of the 12 patients showed that the preserved spleen had normal uptake of 51Cr denatured erythrocyte isotope, high grade serum IgM, and effect of alleviating fever after splenectomy. Splenic scan and clinical immunologic survey revealed the functional capacity of splenic remnant, and the lower percentage of "pocked" RBCs, an important clue to eusplenia. Thus, the normal function and size retained of the residual spleen were saved. If long-term follow-up confirms the value of segmental splenectomy, it may become an adjuvant treatment in lowering portal hyperten sion in cirrhotic patients.     

直线切割缝合器行二级脾蒂离断术在创伤性脾破裂脾切除术中的应用

目的创伤性脾破裂患者行脾切除术时,传统方法脾门的处理采用大块组织结扎,此法术后易发生一些常见并发症,如脾热、胰尾损伤、出血等。我院从2007年10月～2009年2月对部分创伤性脾破裂患者行脾切除时运用直线切割缝合器行二级脾蒂离断术,以探讨其对术后并发症及预后的影响。方法回顾性分析比较了传统组与对照组共112例纳入患者的临床资料,运用统计学方法获得有意义的结果。结果对照组中脾热、胰漏等术后发生率降低;血性引流物持续时间与住院时间缩短。结论直线切割缝合器行二级脾蒂离断术在创伤性脾破裂脾切除中的应用,可降低常见并发症发生率,改良预后,是一种值得推广的术式。     

腹腔镜与传统开腹脾切除术的比较

目的:探讨腹腔镜脾切除术(laparoscopic splenectomy,LS)的临床应用价值.方法:将31例行脾切除的患者随机分为腹腔镜手术组(LS组)15例和传统开腹脾切除手术组(OS组)16例,对2组手术时间、术中失血量、术后恢复情况、术后并发症和住院费用等进行比较.结果:31例手术均获成功,LS组的切口长度、肛门排气时间、下床活动时间和住院时间均短于OS组(P<0.05～P<0.01);LS组的住院费用高于OS组(P<0.01);而2组的术中出血量及手术时间、并发症发生率差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论:对于大多数脾脏疾病,LC安全可行,是一种临床效果良好的微创手术方式.     

肝硬化脾大脾切除加自体脾移植分析

目的：分析脾切除加自体脾移植治疗肝硬化脾大的临床疗效。方法：检测我院采取脾切除加自体脾移植治疗的肝硬化脾大患者术前、术后肝功能及血常规,并进行对比,同时将术后2年回访的谷丙转氨酶（ALT）复常情况同术前进行对比。结果：术后2年ALT〉80 U/L的患者占比由术前的76.79%下降为19.64%;腹水患者占比由术前的87.50%下降为16.07%;肝萎缩患者占比由术前的60.71%下降为33.93%,术后患者病情得到显著改善（P〈0.01）。结论：脾切除加自体脾移植有效地保存了自体脾片组织,提高了患者术后机体免疫功能,使肝硬化致脾大患者术后的肝功能得到了良好改善。     

腹腔镜脾切除178例临床分析

目的总结12年来行腹腔镜脾切除术（laparoscopic splenectomy,LS）的临床经验,探讨肝硬化、门静脉高压症、继发性脾功能亢进和巨脾患者行LS的安全性和有效性。方法回顾性统计分析178例（主要是肝硬化、继发性脾功能亢进和血液病患者）LS的临床结果,比较巨脾组（62例）和非巨脾组（116例）的平均手术时间、术中失血量、术中输血量、中转开腹手术率、并发症发生率和术后住院时间。结果178例LS中转行开腹脾切除术4例（2.2％）,出现并发症21例（11．8％）;巨脾组和非巨脾组平均手术时间分别为3．0h和2.4h,并发症发生率分别为21.0％和6.9％,术后住院时间分别为（8.0±2,2d）和（6.6±1.7d）,两组的差异均有统计学意义（均P〈0．05）;两组术中失血量、术中输血量和中转开腹手术率的差异均无统计学意义（均P〉0．05）.结论LS安全、有效,适用于有脾切除指征的各种脾疾病,肝硬化、门静脉高压症、继发性脾功能亢进和巨脾不是LS的禁忌证。     

31例腹腔镜下脾切除的临床分析

目的：探讨完全腹腔镜下脾切除的手术技巧和临床经验。方法回顾性分析该院从2003年1月至2015年4月进行完全腹腔镜脾切除术31例,其中,肝硬化脾功能亢进12例,脾多发性血管瘤5例,脾淋巴瘤3例,脾囊肿3例,陈旧性脾破裂、脾血肿2例,特发性血小板减少症6例,术中LigaSure处理脾胃韧带,结扎脾动脉,采用丝线结扎或腔内直线切割闭合器个体化处理脾蒂。结果31例腹腔镜脾切除术,无中转开腹患者。其中,13例逐一分离、丝线结扎脾门血管后离断脾蒂,18例采用腔内直线切割闭合器离断脾蒂,手术时间80～240 min ,平均（130±35）min ,术中出血量60～500 mL ,平均（150±80）mL ,平均住院时间8．3d,无手术死亡及胰瘘并发症发生病例。结论在开腹脾切除的基础上,术前仔细评估,选择合适病例,利用不同腹腔镜器械的优势,个体化方式处理脾蒂,腹腔镜脾切除术安全实用。     

Laparoscopic splenectomy by secondary pedicle division strategy: a highly cost-effective method

Background Laparoscopic splenectomy （LS） shows many advantages compared with open surgery except for the high cost. This study was aimed to recommend secondary pedicle division strategy as a method with high cost-effectiveness. Methods From January 2003 to June 2005, 14 consecutive patients underwent laparoscopic splenectomy. The splenic pedicle was controlled by secondary pedicle division strategy in 8 cases and by Endo-GIA in the other 6 cases. A retrospective study was carried out to evaluate the operative time, blood loss, time to diet, operative morbidity, postoperative stay, and operative cost.
Results LS was performed successfully in a total of 14 cases. There was no significant difference between the two strategies in operative time, blood loss, time to diet, operative morbidity and postoperative stay. The operative cost of secondary pedicle division strategy group （RMB 8354.38±752,10） was significantly lower than that of Endo-GIA group （RMB 11053.33±602.27） （P〈0.01）.
Conclusions Laparoscopic splenectomy by secondary pedicle division strategy is a safe, effective and economical procedure with the value of popularization in developing countries.     

脾动脉结扎带蒂大网膜覆盖或填塞行保脾手术17例体会

目的探讨外伤性脾破裂保脾手术方式。方法对17例外伤性脾破裂采用脾动脉结扎带蒂大网膜填塞脾破裂口缝合修补治疗。结果手术保脾治疗17例,其中单纯修补缝合3例,脾修补缝合加大网膜填塞5例,脾部分切除加大网膜填塞修补9例,术后均未出现再出血等并发症,经1~3年随访,B超、CT扫描脾解剖形态未见异常。结论该手术方法操作简单,效果满意,是较理想的保脾手术方法。     

原位二级脾蒂离断法腹腔镜脾切除术治疗特发性血小板减少性紫癜

目的 探讨原位二级脾蒂离断法腹腔镜脾切除术(laparoscopic spleneetomy,LS)治疗特发性血小板减少性紫癜(idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura,ITP)的可行性及临床疗效.方法 对41例ITP患者在腹腔镜下采用解剖二级脾蒂的方法,超声刀切开脾蒂浆膜,自下而上沿脾脏逐支分离脾动、静脉的二级分支,Hem-O-lok结扎夹钳夹2道,在两结扎夹之间用超声刀离断,切除脾脏.结果 41例患者均完成LS,无1例中转开腹.手术时间75～180 min,术中出血量50～800 ml.术中发现并切除副脾7例,2例患者术中脾蒂改为Endo-GIA切割离断.住院时间4～9 d,无严重并发症.术后血小板明显上升,5～7 d到达高峰.随访3～20个月,总有效率达到85.4%(35/41).结论 原位二级脾蒂离断法LS治疗ITP)安全有效、创伤小、并发症少、恢复快、手术费用低,值得临床推广.     

胰腺局部精准切除术治疗胰腺良性肿瘤的临床体会

目的 评价胰腺局部精准切除术(尽可能保留有功能的胰腺组织)的临床可行性、安全性和疗效.方法 分析2007年1月以来本科开展的17例次胰腺局部精准切除术的临床资料.结果 保脾胰体尾切除术11例,中段胰腺切除术5例,保留十二指肠的胰头切除术1例,术后均康复出院.平均手术时间(3.0±0.78) h,术中平均出血量(258.8±86.65) ml,全组病例术中均未输血.保脾组中2例快速病理示恶性肿瘤后即刻加行脾切除术,1例术后胰尾小囊肿;中段胰组中1例术后脾静脉迟发性破裂出血再手术切除脾脏;保留十二指肠胰头切除病例术后短期小流量胰瘘.全组术后血小板计数为(273.1±43.76)×109 L-1,术后平均住院时间为(15.8±7.07) d,术后随访4～48个月,病理提示良性肿瘤者均未见复发及转移.结论 胰腺局部精确切除术治疗胰腺良性肿瘤疗效确切,并可达到最小创伤、最大脏器保有和最佳康复的效果.     

门静脉高压症脾大部切除后残脾基质金属蛋白酶及其抑制剂的变化

目的检测门静脉高压症脾大部切除后残脾组织和血清基质金属蛋白酶及其抑制剂的表达和水平,探讨脾纤维化的分子机制及保脾术的临床价值。方法选取门静脉高压脾肿大患者13 例。术中切取脾组织为巨脾组,术后8 年穿刺获取脾组织为残脾组,设外伤性脾破裂患者13 例为对照组。采用免疫组织化学法、实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应（qRT-PCR）及酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）检测脾脏组织和血清基质金属蛋白酶MMP-2、MMP-9、组织金属蛋白酶抑制物TIMP-1、TIMP-2 的表达和水平。结果3 组脾组织中,MMP-2、MMP-9、TIMP-1、TIMP-2 蛋白阳性表达主要分布在巨噬细胞内。残脾组和巨脾组脾组织MMP-2、MMP-9、TIMP-1 和TIMP-2 蛋白阳性表达率和基因表达与对照组比较,均差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）,残脾组和巨脾组升高;残脾组和巨脾组之间比较则差异无统计学意义（P >0.05）。残脾组和巨脾组血清MMP-2、MMP-9、TIMP-1 和TIMP-2 水平与对照组比较,均差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）,残脾组和巨脾组升高;残脾组和巨脾组之间比较差异无统计学意义（P >0.05）。结论门静脉高压症脾肿大患者脾大部切除术后残脾组织MMP-2、MMP-9、TIMP-1 及TIMP-2 蛋白和基因表达增加,血清蛋白水平升高,提示残脾组织基质金属蛋白酶和组织金属蛋白酶抑制物代谢失调。     

外伤性脾破裂应用内镜治疗的临床研究

目的：评析外伤性脾破裂应用内镜治疗的临床效果。方法现从2013年8月—2015年8月在该院接受治疗的外伤性脾破裂患者中整群抽选104例,随机分为各包含52例的对照组与实验组,两组分别应用开腹脾切除术、腹腔镜脾切除术治疗,从手术基本情况、术后并发症情况等方面对手术效果予以评估。结果实验组手术耗时、术中失血量、胃肠功能恢复及住院时间等相比于对照组均明显更少(P<0.05);实验组的术后并发症率为3.8%,相比于对照组的19.2%显著更低(P<0.05)。结论针对外伤性脾破裂在内镜下治疗具创伤小、痛苦小及恢复快等优势,术后并发症率低,手术效果满意。     

腹腔镜脾切除术脾蒂处理影响因素及对策

目的探讨腹腔镜脾切除术脾蒂处理的影响因素及对策。方法右侧斜卧位、超声刀、ligasure,二级脾蒂处理,手助。结果39例2例因为脾脏明显肿大,直接行腹腔镜下手助脾脏切除;1例因术中脾静脉出血转手助操作完成手术;余56例行完全腹腔镜下脾脏切除术,其中采用超声刀分离,二级脾蒂处理方法30例;Ligasure分离脾蒂血管、断离3例,超声刀分离、Endo-GIA夹闭2例,无中转开腹术,无死亡病例,手术后有1例并发少量胰漏,引流3周后痊愈。结论结合脾蒂解剖的特点,采取适当体位及处理方法,可安全完成腹腔镜脾切除术。     

腹腔镜脾切除术治疗免疫性血小板减少性紫癜——单个教学医院经验

Background  High anatomic location, fragility, and generous blood supply of the spleen makes laparoscopic splenectomy (LS) difficult to master, and few patients need splenectomy for benign disorders. The aim of this research was to assess operative outcomes and hematological results of a large series of patients treated with LS for chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) and to determine which clinical variables predict favorable hematological outcome.

Methods  LS was successfully performed for 154 patients with chronic ITP from September 1999 to April 2009 at the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University. Operative outcomes were assessed retrospectively. Long-term follow-up data were obtained from outpatient medical records and phone interviews. Clinical and laboratory variables (including gender, age, disease duration before surgery, previous response to steroids, preoperative platelet count, and postoperative peak platelet count) were evaluated by univariate analysis to identify potential predictors of hematological outcome. Multivariate Logistic regression model was used to determine independent predictors of hematological outcome.

Results  One patient died from subphrenic abscess and postoperative sepsis. The overall major morbidity rate was 8.4%. None of the patients required a second surgery for complications. Of the 127 patients available for a mean follow-up of 43.6 months (range 9–114 months), the overall initial response (i.e., at two months after LS) and long-term response to LS were achieved in 89.0% and 80.3%, respectively. Five patients (3.9%) developed pneumonia 3–35 months after LS. Univariate analysis showed a significant difference in mean age between responders (29.1 years) and nonresponders (38.8 years; P <0.05). Patients who responded to steroid therapy had better hematological outcome than those who did not respond (P <0.05). Compared to nonresponders, responders to LS had a significantly higher postoperative peak platelet count (404×10⁹/L versus 213×10⁹/L, P <0.001). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis identified postoperative peak platelet count as the only independent predictor of favorable response to LS ( P <0.001).

Conclusions  LS is a safe and effective treatment for chronic ITP. Postoperative peak platelet count may serve as a major predictor of long-term response.

     

抗血小板治疗对非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术患者围手术期出血的影响

目的探讨抗血小板药物治疗对非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术（offpumpcoronaryarterybypassgrafting,OPCABG）围手术期出血的影响。方法回顾性总结分析611例择期OPCABG患者临床资料,分为服药组（Y组）466例和未服药组（N组）145例。服药组又分为：阿司匹林组（A组）94例和阿司匹林＋氯吡格雷组（AC组）372例。记录各组临床资料;分析比较各组术中失血量,术后胸腔引流量、血液制品使用率和使用量。多元线性回归模型分析与手术失血相关的因素。结果术中血浆用量Y组比N组少[（584．65±322．81）mlVS（681．47±359．38）ml,P：0．006],两组在其他方面差异无统计学意义。服药组中,与AC组相比,A组手术时间短[（257．02±41．84）minVS（273．49±60．48）min,P=0．002],近段吻合口数多（1．76±0．48VS1．58±0．60,P=0．002）,红细胞使用率低（90．4％VS96．5％,P=0．013）,血小板使用率低（4．3％VS15．6％,P=0．004）,输血浆量多[（706．96±422．16）mlvs（551．56±303．37）ml,P=0．000],术后A纽血浆总使用率低（89．4％VS96．0％,P=0．011）。多元线性回归模型分析,术前是否抗血小板治疗因素（r=-13．770,P=0．618）与术中失血量无显著相关性。手术时间因素（r=1．16,P=0．000）是影响术中失血量的相关因素。结论术前抗血小板治疗不增加择期OPCABG术中失血量,术前双联与单联抗血小板治疗相比不增加手术失血量。