病人知情同意对医疗投诉的影响

目的探讨病人知情同意对医疗投诉的影响。方法回顾统计医院2003~2005年发生的医疗投诉、因知情同意告知不全的投诉例数;发生的医疗纠纷、因告知不全产生的纠纷的例数;使用自行设计的统一调查问卷,对本院住院病人96例为对象做知情同意整体抽样调查。结果2003~2005年医院发生医疗投诉112起,因知情同意告知不全发生的投诉27起(24.1%);医疗纠纷28起,因知情同意告知不全发生的纠纷17例(60.5%)。2006年4月医院知情同意调查的情况:患者对自己主管医生的知晓率为100.0%;主管护士知晓率为92.0%;对科主任的知晓率为90.0%;对护士长的知晓率为92.0%;对自己所患疾病的诊断、检查、用药、病重等告知知晓率为95.0%~96.0%;患者需做各种有创检查、有创治疗、输血、麻醉风险、手术风险的告知知晓率为100.0%。结论病人的知情同意权利受很多因素的影响。医务人员是告知病人和家属知情同意的主体。知情同意告知不全在医疗投诉和医疗纠纷中占较大的比例。目前,医院已重视了知情同意的告知程序,但在真正落实的过程中,还存在相当大的差距。病人知情同意的实现任重道远。     

医院知情同意权行使主体的伦理现状调查

目的了解医院医务人员、患者及其家属对医院知情同意权行使主体的伦理认知现状并进行分析。方法对医生、患者、家属采用自行设计的问卷进行调查,其中对126位医生进行问卷调查方式;对150名患者、148名家属采用问卷访谈形式进行访谈。结果在法律认知上,仅56%的医务人员,20%的患者,8.8%的患者家属完全同意知情同意权行使主体是其本人;在伦理认知上,以患者本人为知情同意权的行使主体,86.5%的医务人员,54%的患者,45.3%的患者家属认为能尊重患者;55.5%的医务人员,82.7%的患者,48%的患者家属认为能对患者有利;84.9%的医务人员,34.7%的患者,14.9%的患者家属认为要贯彻患者的自主选择权。结论在中国传统文化背景下,知情同意权行使主体的法律规定与伦理认知存在巨大差异,为医院医疗纠纷留下隐患;医务人员作为知情同意的告知者,要在有关法规指导下,掌握好告知权限,以适用当前伦理认知现状。     

知情同意在住院病人护理中的运用

目的:探讨住院病人护理知情同意对护理工作的影响,提高护理质量。方法:制定护理计划,告知病人及家属,签住院病人护理知情同意书。结果:对住院病人实施护理计划病人知情同意,可以充分调动病人的主观能动性,促进护患关系,提高护理质量,减少或杜绝护患纠纷。结论:护士的法律意识、服务理念、理论和实践技能、病人及家属对护理计划的认知能力是影响护理知情同意的主要因素。     

精神分裂症患者及家属、医生对知情同意具体程序态度的初步分析

目的 分析精神科医生、精神分裂症患者及其家属对知情同意具体程序的态度,以指导今后知情同意的实施.方法 所有样本均来自中南大学湘雅二医院,共计55名患者,46名家属,61名医生.采用知情同意态度问卷,来调查精神科医生、精神分裂症患者及其家属对知情同意具体程序的态度.结果 患者、家属、精神科医生非参数检验结果表明,共计有17项条目存在显著性差异.比如条目4"签写一份接受医疗服务的知情同意书,其目的是",67.4%的家属,59.2%的患者,90.2%的医生选择第3项"既保护医生又保护患者",仅21.7%的家属,26.5%的患者,1.6%的医生选择第2项"保护患者".结论 目前精神分裂症患者、家属以及精神科医生对知情同意具体程序的态度存在明显差异.     

亲属活体供肾肾移植供受者知情同意问题的探讨

知情同意是活体亲属供肾移植中最基本的伦理学原则之一。肾移植前医生应当向尿毒症患者详细介绍各种治疗方法的优缺点,使患者和其家属明确肾移植不是尿毒症治疗的唯一选择。对选择进行肾移植的活体供受者,告知肾移植的临床效果、各种合并症或并发症等风险及术后治疗依从性重要性和供肾者在供肾捐献中的权益;对“交换捐肾”等要告知特殊情况下的风险与利益。捐献人只有在充分获得活体器官移植的风险信息,自我进行综合衡量和评估后做出的捐献决定,才是真正意义上的自愿捐献,并且要排除受到欺骗和利诱,为获得经济利益出卖肾脏而做出的同意。对无行为能力者,即使做出知情同意的决定也不能作为捐献人。为了保证亲属活体供肾移植供受者双方在充分知情基础上做出同意的决定,伦理委员会可对医院提供给供受者的“活体供肾肾移植知情同意书”和“手术知情同意书”进行伦理审查。     

64排螺旋CT轴位节段扫描技术在降低腹部CT检查辐射剂量的应用

目的:研究轴位节段扫描降低腹部CT检查X线辐射剂量的价值。方法:38例腹部CT扫描患者,按就诊顺序随机分成两组。A组螺旋扫描20例,采用120kV,自动毫安,噪声指数(Noise Index,NI)=8扫描;B组轴位节段(Cine Segment)扫描18例,采用120kV,自动毫安,NI=8。分别进行平扫和增强扫描,比较各组图像质量、噪声水平和平均辐射剂量。结果:各组图像平扫、动脉期和静脉期图像得分之间的差别无统计学意义(P>0.05)。平扫两组图像噪声无统计学差异(P>0.05),增强后A组和B组图像噪声之间有明显统计学意义(P<0.01)。X线辐射剂量B组比A组降低约47%,差异有明显统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:轴位节段扫描在保证图像质量的同时,有效降低了腹部CT扫描的辐射剂量。     

医疗知情同意书的医疗告知现状调查及评价

目的 了解目前医院手术、特殊检查、特殊治疗知情同意书的医疗告知现状,评价其合法性与合理性,并提出改进建议.方法 以<侵权责任法>第55条为依据,采用美国医学会建议的医疗告知标准制订评价指标,对2012年2～5月广西区人民医院的270份及北京大学人民医院<医疗知情同意书汇编>中的331份手术、特殊检查、特殊治疗知情同意书的医疗告知内容、知情同意书格式特征进行调查分析.结果 广西区医院及北大医院的手术、特殊检查、特殊治疗知情同意书均存在医疗告知内容不完整和缺项现象;两院对替代医疗方案的告知率均较低,分别为18.52%、4.83%;两院均未告知替代医疗方案的风险、效益以及不接受医疗建议的效益;两院均有部分知情同意书没有告知患者疾病的诊断及拟定医疗方案的性质、目的 ;在拟定医疗方案的效益告知率两院均不足30%;广西区医院对不接受医疗建议的风险的告知率仅为12.22%,北大医院为48.94%,广西区医院有4.44%没有告知拟定医疗方案的风险.北大医院知情同意书的5项格式特征的合格率均高于广西区医院(P均＜0.05).结论 我国现行手术、特殊检查、特殊治疗知情同意书普遍存在告知内容不完整及缺项现象,与当前法律规定及医学伦理原则的要求仍有较大差距,有待进一步完善和改进.     

成人股骨头缺血性坏死86例影像学检查结果分析

目的 探讨不同影像学检查方法诊断成人股骨头缺血性坏死(ANFH)的价值.方法 对我院2011年3月—2016年3月诊断的86例成人ANFH的临床资料和影像学检查结果进行回顾分析.结果 86例ANFH患者X线诊断准确率为56.98%、CT检查为86.05%、MRI检查为96.51%.MRI检查诊断准确率高于CT和X线检查(均P<0.01).且MRI检查ANFH分期结果分别与CT和X线比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.01);而CT检查ANFH分期结果与X线比较,差异也有统计学意义(P<0.01).结论 MRI检查是诊断ANFH最佳的影像学检查方法且临床分期准确.临床上应根据患者的具体情况选择X线片或CT扫描检查,对于X线和CT检查阴性者,在病情不允许及患者知情同意的情况下,采用MRI检查可提高ANFH早期病变的诊断准确性.     

16排螺旋CT扫描及三维重建技术在骨盆隐匿性骨折诊断中的应用

目的:探究16排螺旋CT扫描及三维重建技术在骨盆隐匿性骨折诊断中的应用。方法:74患者首先进行常规的X射线检查,然后进行16排螺旋CT扫描及三维重建技术检查,所有的检查均在患伤后的一周内进行。比较常规的X射线检查和16排螺旋CT扫描及三维重建检查的结果,探讨16排螺旋CT扫描及三维重建技术在骨盆隐匿性骨折诊断中的优势。结果:经过X射线检查,发现74例患者中骨折51例,占68.9%;疑似骨折6例,占8.1%;正常17例,占23.0%。此外,共检测出骨折98处。16排螺旋CT扫描及三维重建检查发现67例患者均有骨盆骨折,并且许多患者不止一个部位出现骨折。比较X射线检查结果和16排螺旋CT扫描及三维重建检查的结果,X射线检查的检出率是68.9%,16排螺旋CT扫描及三维重建检查的检出率是100%。两者有显著性差异(P0.05)。X射线检查发现98处骨折,16排螺旋CT扫描及三维重建检查发现159处骨折,两者存在显著性差异(P0.05)D16排螺旋CT扫描及三维重建技术能够为准确的确定骨折的部位,方向,程度和碎片块数,并且能够得到较为准确的骨折立体结构形态,值得在骨盆隐匿性骨折诊断中推广使用。     

癌症患者家属对告知患者癌症诊断态度的分析研究

目的 调查家属对告知患者癌症诊断的态度,分析家属对告知患者癌症诊断态度的影响因素.方法 采用自行设计的"家属对告知患者癌症诊断的态度及影响因素"调查问卷对新确诊、住院3个月内、常见癌症患者的家属194例进行调查.结果 同意告知患者癌症诊断的家属占42.3%,不同意告知患者的家属占57.7%.单因素分析显示:患者会出现严重的焦虑和抑郁(x2=80.046,P=0.00)和患者不会失去信心和希望(x2=77.099,P=0.00)等条目具有显著性意义.进行logistic回归模型多因素分析显示:患者能更好地安排以后的生活(OR=0.160,P=0.000)和患者不会失去信心和希望(OR=0.192,P=0.000)等是影响家属对告知患者癌症态度的因素.结论 家属对告知患者癌症诊断持否定态度的比例较高;家属对告知患者癌症诊断的结果、价值、意义的主观看法是影响家属态度的主要因素;医生所阐明的对待癌症诊断的正确态度会影响家属的态度;患者对癌症诊断的意愿和需求对家属态度的影响较小.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

Development on Adjustable Calibration Marker for Shock Wave Focus

Shock wave lithotripsy （SWL） is a treatment of choice for upper urinary stones. However, this procedure is inappropriate for obese patients because the focus is often unable to reach the target owing to the limited focal distance in shock wave source. Although treating such patients in a blast path may increase the application length of shock wave source, it＇s difficult to find this path on the lithotripter monitor. For this reason, we invented an adjustable calibration marker in order to set an effective focus in the shock wave hath.     

Study on the TCM Pathogenesis of Angiopathic Complications of Type II Diabetes

Excess production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)of mitochondrion mediated by hyperglycemia is the common pathogenesis of angiopathic complications of diabetes.TCM holds that the damp from the dysfunction of spleen.kidney and liver is the causative factor of complications of diabetes.This is similar to the mechanism of Ros resulting in angiopathic complications of diabetes.When the angiopathic complications of type II diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are difierentiated as caused by turbid damp in TCM can be explained as ROS.Since the obstruction of pathogenic damp in channels and collaterals is said to be the main pathogenesis,the treating principle should be dissolving the damp to remove the obstruction.     

Leptin, Ghrelin and TNF-α before and after Hypo-caloric Traditional Chinese Diet and Auricular Acupuncture

INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex emergent problem, which can be possibly solved not only by the diet but also by the life style and promotion of a constant physical exercise. 1, 2 No doubt careful attentions must be given to the nutritional condition of obese people, the dietary habits, the somatic build (i.e. distribution of fat mass) and the organic functions linked to formation of the fat mass. All the parameters should be constantly monitored before, during and after a diet treatment. 3, 4, 5     

Relationship between Dysglycemia and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Tibetan Population

People with dysglycemia are at high risk for atherosclerotic diseases. This study aims at investigating the atherosclerotic vascular damage in dysglycemia and its metabolic origin in Tibetan population.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF SERUM CYTOKINES IL-1β,sIL-2R,IL-6,TNF-α,AND IFN-v IN ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME

Objectives To explore serum cytokines levels (including IL-1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-v) and their significance in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and the subsequent follow-ups, with attempt to estimate the role of various serum inflammatory markers in the diagnosis and assessment of ACS.Methods The study population include 40 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), 40 patients with unstable angina pectoris (UAP), and 40 controls. Among the 80 patients, 60 patients attended a follow up 4 months later. Serum inflammatory markers including IL-1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-v were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.Results Serum IL- 1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α were significantly higher in AMI group or UAP group compared to the control group and became significantly lower 4 months later in the follow-up patients. Serum levels of IFN-v shows no significant difference between AMI group or UAP group and controls, also showing no significant change when measured in follow up patients. There was no correlation between serum creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme levels and serum inflammatory markers either in UAP or AMI group. Furthermore, when divided into two subgroups using Wagner's QRS scoring system in the AMI group, there is no difference of each serum inflammatory marker between ≤ 6 scores group and ＞ 6 scores group.Conclusion Serum levels of certain inflammatory markers may have some diagnostic value for ACS, and can be a useful marker reflecting disease stability.     

Possible Spread of adenovirus type 3 from poultry to humans ：indirect evidence from an outbreak in China

Objective:To explore the epidemiology and etiology for an outbreak of acute respiratory tract infection that occurred in one county of Jiangsu Province, China 2004. Methods: Only cases meeting the case definition were included in the study. We reviewed the medical records of the cases who were admitted to the local hospitals, interviewed cases by a standard questionnaire, and then described the epidemiotogic features and analyzed risk factors by means of a case-control study. We collected pharyngeal swab specimens and sent them to different laboratories for isolation and culture. The laboratory used different detection methods such as DIP, PCR, electron microscope examination and microneutralization assay, to identify and then type the positive specimens. Results:A total of 871 cases were reported during the period from April 18 to July 4,2004. The distribution of onset times presented two peaks, one in late May and another in middle June. The epidemic occurred mainly in the elementary and junior high schools in ten townships of one county, and the mean age of the cases was 12 years (range 7 months to 18 years). The course of the disease was acute, and was characterized by fever accompanied with sore throat and tonsillitis. The WBC count of cases was normal or elevated. The mean duration of illness was 5 days (range 2 to 12 days). No fatalities from illness were reported. A case-control study indicated that the possible risk factors were close contact with a case and/or poultry before onset and sharing of towels among members of the family. The typical CPE was observed through inoculating pharyngeal swab specimens into the HEP-2 cell cultures in different laboratories. An infection of adenovirus type 3 was verified by detecting positive specimens in different methods. Conclusion:This investigation demonstrated that the acute respiratory infection in cases was caused by adenovirus type 3. Cases occurred in over 70 schools in ten townships in 2004, and the route of transmission was possibly close contact with cases or droplet transmission.