金樱子对糖尿病大鼠肝MCP-1、TNF-α和NF-κB表达的影响

目的 研究金樱子对链脲佐菌素(streptozotocin, STZ)和高糖高脂诱导的实验性糖尿病大鼠肝脏MCP-1、TNF-α和NF-κB表达的影响.方法 用STZ腹腔注射和饲喂高糖高脂诱导法建立SD 大鼠糖尿病模型,随机分为糖尿病模型组和金樱子干预组,同时另设正常对照组和金樱子对照组.每4周检测血清血糖和胰岛素水平, 24周后处死大鼠,取肝组织,酶法测定MDA、SOD、TAC含量.用免疫组化方法 检测肝脏组织细胞MCP-1、TNF-α和NF-κB三个因子的表达.结果 金樱子可以降低实验性糖尿病大鼠血糖、胰岛素含量(P<0.05),降低肝组织MDA含量(P<0.05),增强肝组织中SOD、TAC含量(P<0.05),下调肝MCP-1、TNF-α和NF-κB的表达(P<0.05).结论 金樱子对实验性糖尿病鼠肝有保护作用,其机制与抑制肝MCP-1、TNF-α和NF-κB的表达有关.     

金樱子对大鼠糖尿病肾脏的实验研究

目的 研究中药金樱子对糖尿病大鼠肾脏的保护作用并探讨其保护机制.方法 用链脲佐菌素(streptozotocin,STZ)腹腔注射诱导法建立SD大鼠糖尿病模型,随机分为糖尿病模型组和金樱子干预组,同时另设正常对照组和金樱子对照组.观察大鼠一般状态,测定血糖、体重(BW)及肾重(KW)、肾脏指数(KW/BW),肾组织光镜检查了解组织形态,肾组织免疫组化检查观察金樱子对糖尿病大鼠肾脏组织转化生长因子β1(TGF-β1),Ⅳ型胶原表达影响.结果 糖尿病模型组血糖及肾脏指数明显升高,肾脏病理改变明显,TGF-β1、Ⅳ型胶原表达明显增加.治疗24周后,金樱子干预组血糖降低,肾脏肥大明显改善,TGF-β1,Ⅳ型胶原表达明显下降(P＜0.05),肾脏病理改变较糖尿病模型组有较大改善,但金樱子对照组肾组织无明显病理改变.结论 金樱子对糖尿病大鼠肾脏有保护作用,其机制与抑制糖尿病大鼠肾脏TGF-β1,Ⅳ型胶原蛋白过度表达有关.     

雷公藤多甙对佐剂性关节炎大鼠自由基和炎症因子的影响

目的探讨雷公藤多甙对佐剂性关节炎(AA)大鼠的保护作用及可能机制.方法采用大鼠AA模型,将30只SD雄性大鼠随机分为3组即正常组、模型组、雷公藤多甙组.对足爪肿胀进行测量,在光镜下观察各组组织形态学变化,生化方法检测了动物血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、丙二醛(MDA)含量以及总抗氧化能力(T-AOC).用放射免疫法检测了足爪TNF-α及 PGE2含量.用免疫组织化学方法检测了膝关节软骨环氧化酶-2(COX-2)及核因子κB(NF-κB)表达.结果与正常组相比,模型组血清SOD和T-AOC能力下降(P<0.01),MDA含量升高;足爪TNF-α及PGE2含量升高;膝关节软骨COX-2及NF-κB表达增加.雷公藤多甙组能升高血清SOD和T-AOC活力,降低血清MDA、足爪TNF-α、PGE2含量及膝关节软骨COX-2及NF-κB表达.光镜下组织形态观察表明雷公藤多甙组能减轻滑膜增生,减少炎细胞浸润.结论雷公藤多甙对AA模型具有保护作用,抗氧化能力及抑制炎症细胞因子浸润可能是其主要的作用机制之一.     

金樱子对大鼠糖尿病性白内障细胞凋亡和氧化应激的影响

目的探讨金樱子对糖尿病大鼠晶状体上皮细胞凋亡的作用及氧化应激机制。方法用Streptozotocin（STZ）腹腔注射建立SD（Sprague-Dawley）大鼠糖尿病模型,然后将其随机分为糖尿病模型组及金樱子干预组,另设正常对照组。12周后,检测晶状体组织中总抗氧化能力（TAC）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性和丙二醛（MDA）含量。采用流式细胞术检测大鼠晶状体上皮细胞凋亡率。结果金樱子能显著降低糖尿病大鼠晶状体上皮细胞凋亡率（P〈0.05）。金樱子能显着降低糖尿病大鼠的血糖、血脂及MDA含量,并提高TAC和SOD活性（P〈0.05）。结论金樱子能抑制晶状体上皮细胞凋亡和氧化应激,延缓糖尿病性白内障的发展。     

当归补血汤对糖尿病大鼠肾组织NF-κB、MCP-1表达的影响

[目的]观察当归补血汤干预下糖尿病大鼠肾脏核因子-κB(NF-κB)、单核细胞趋化蛋白-1(MCP-1)炎症因子表达变化,探讨当归补血汤抗炎机制及其与肾脏保护作用的相关性。[方法]链脲佐菌素(STZ)+高脂饲料建立糖尿病肾病(DN)动物模型,酶偶联比色法检测血糖、血脂及肾功能相关指标,光镜、电镜下观察肾脏结构变化,酶联免疫吸附试验检测大鼠肾脏NF-κB、MCP-1蛋白含量,实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)检测肾脏NF-κBp65、MCP-1 m RNA表达变化。[结果]DN大鼠肾功能下降,肾脏损伤严重,肾组织NF-κB、MCP-1蛋白含量增加,NF-κBp65、MCP-1m RNA转录活性增强,当归补血汤治疗后肾功能明显改善,肾脏NF-κB、MCP-1蛋白含量降低,NF-κBp65、MCP-1 m RNA转录活性下降。[结论]当归补血汤可有效减少DN大鼠肾脏NF-κB、MCP-1的表达及活性,抑制肾脏炎症反应,减轻肾脏损伤。     

氯沙坦对糖尿病大鼠肾脏抗氧化能力的影响

目的研究氯沙坦对糖尿病大鼠肾脏抗氧化能力的影响.方法对链脲佐菌素(STZ)诱导的糖尿病大鼠给予氯沙坦治疗,测定肾皮质超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、丙二醛(MDA)水平及尿白蛋白排泄率(UAER).结果糖尿病组大鼠肾皮质SOD和CAT活性显著低于正常对照组(P＜0.05),而MDA含量显著高于正常对照组(P＜0.05);治疗组肾皮质SOD、CAT活性显著高于糖尿病组(P＜0.05),MDA含量显著低于糖尿病组(P＜0.05);糖尿病组UAER显著高于正常对照组(P＜0.05),治疗组UAER显著低于糖尿病组(P＜0.05).结论氯沙坦可增强糖尿病大鼠肾脏抗氧化能力,减轻氧化应激,从而减少蛋白尿和肾脏损害,这可能是氯沙坦保护糖尿病肾脏的机制之一.     

姜黄素对糖尿病大鼠肾组织NF-κB的DNA结合活性升高的抑制作用

目的探讨姜黄素对糖尿病大鼠肾组织核因子-κB(nuclear factor-κB,NF-κB)的DNA结合活性升高的抑制作用。方法将大鼠随机分为正常对照组(A组)、糖尿病组(B组)及姜黄素治疗组(C组),采用腹腔单剂量注射链脲佐菌素(streptozotocin,STZ)65mg/kg建立糖尿病大鼠模型。治疗组给予姜黄素30mg·kg-1·d-1腹腔注射。实验第4周各组分别宰杀5只大鼠,取部分右肾皮质,采用电泳迁移率改变分析(electro-phoresis mobility shift assay,EMSA)检测姜黄素对糖尿病大鼠肾组织NF-κB的DNA结合活性升高的影响,并观察肾组织的病理变化。结果糖尿病大鼠肾组织NF-κB的DNA结合活性明显升高,姜黄素对其有显著抑制作用,并改善糖尿病大鼠肾脏病变。结论姜黄素通过抑制糖尿病大鼠肾组织NF-κB的DNA结合活性升高而减轻糖尿病大鼠肾脏病变。     

坎地沙坦酯对糖尿病大鼠肾脏氧化应激及MCP-1表达的影响

目的 观察坎地沙坦酯对糖尿病肾脏氧化应激以及单核细胞趋化蛋白-1表达的影响.方法 健康SD大鼠40只,随机取10只为正常对照组(A),余30只一次性给予链脲佐菌素(STZ)制备糖尿病大鼠模型.分为糖尿病模型组(B),坎地沙坦酯低(C)、高剂量组(D)5、10 mg/(kg·d)各10只.12周后检测血糖、尿素氮水平、肾脏质量指数、血清及肾组织超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、MDA含量;免疫组化和Western Blot法检测大鼠肾组织单核细胞趋化蛋白-1(MCP-1)的蛋白表达.结果 与正常对照组组比较,糖尿病组和坎地沙坦酯各剂量组血糖及血清尿素水平升高(P<0.01),肾脏质量指数增加(P<0.01),MDA含量增加、SOD活性下降(P<0.05),肾组织中MCP-1表达水平升高(P<0.01),与糖尿病组比较,坎地沙坦酯各剂量组血清尿素水平降低(P<0.01),肾脏质量指数下降(P<0.01),MDA含量增加减少、SOD活性升高(P<0.05),肾组织中MCP-1表达水平降低(P<0.05).结果 坎地沙坦酯对STZ诱导的糖尿病大鼠肾脏损伤具有保护作用,其保护作用可能与抗过氧化损伤及下调MCP-1表达有关.     

氧化苦参碱对阿霉素大鼠慢性肾纤维化组织中核因子-κB表达的影响

目的 探讨氧化苦参碱(OM)对大鼠慢性肾纤维化组织中核因子-κB(NF-κB)表达的影响.方法 实验第1天、第21天尾静脉注射阿霉素(2 mg/kg)建立慢性肾纤维化大鼠模型,分为模型组、苯那普利治疗组和OM治疗组.正常对照组给予等量生理盐水尾静脉注射.检测各组的24 h尿蛋白含量、血生化及肾脏组织病理改变,并应用免疫组织化学法检测肾组织内NF-κB、抑制性κB(IκB)蛋白的表达,并进一步分析NF-κB与IκB蛋白的表达、肾脏病理改变及肾功能损害的关系.结果 苯那普利治疗组、OM治疗组的肾脏病理改变、肾功能损害均轻于模型组,第2次注射后8周时组织内NF-κB蛋白的表达轻于模型组,而IκB蛋白的表达高于模型组,但两者之间差异无显著性.模型组大鼠肾组织中NF-κB与IκB成负相关,而与肾脏病理改变及肾功能损害成正相关.结论 OM可能通过下调阿霉素大鼠肾组织中NF-κB的表达而抑制肾纤维化的发生,从而起到保护肾脏的作用.     

氟伐他汀对糖尿病大鼠肾脏核因子κB 表达的影响

目的:通过糖尿病大鼠模型,观察氟伐他汀对大鼠肾脏的保护作用。方法:SD大鼠随机分3组,即正常对照组、糖尿病组(DM组)、氟伐他汀治疗组。以链脲佐菌素(STZ)制备糖尿病大鼠模型,大鼠饲养4周分别取出肾脏检测NF-κB的表达。检测各组大鼠血糖、血脂2、4 h尿蛋白定量等指标。采用免疫组织化学技术检测各组肾小球中NF-κB的表达。结果:糖尿病大鼠肾小球NF-κB表达较正常肾组织增高,治疗4周后,小剂量氟伐他汀对血糖、血脂水平无影响,但可明显降低糖尿病肾病大鼠肾小球中NF-κB的表达,并减少蛋白尿。结论:氟伐他汀对糖尿病大鼠肾脏保护作用可能通过非依赖降脂的保护作用,其机制至少部分与下调肾小球中NF-κB表达有关。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

Luo Lingjie's Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Dr.Zhang Ren's Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.