金荞麦药酒对佐剂性关节炎大鼠氧自由基和免疫功能的影响

目的 研究金荞麦药酒对佐剂性关节炎模型大鼠的治疗效果,探讨其作用机制.方法 将大鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、阳性对照组(每天灌胃雷公藤多苷片混悬液0.03 g/kg),低、中、高剂量金荞麦组(每天灌胃金荞麦药酒0.54、1.08、2.16 g/kg).建立佐剂性关节炎模型12 d后给药21 d,观察大鼠左后足跖肿胀体积,检测血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)和足跖软组织TNF-α、前列腺素E2(PGE2)、一氧化氮(NO)含量;流式细胞术分析脾脏淋巴细胞凋亡率,免疫组化法检测膝关节滑膜巨噬细胞密度.结果 与正常组比较,模型组足跖肿胀体积、血清TNF-α、MDA和足跖软组织TNF-α、PGE2、NO水平、膝关节滑膜巨噬细胞密度明显升高(P<0.01),血清SOD、脾脏淋巴细胞凋亡率明显降低(P<0.01).与模型组比较,金荞麦可明显降低足跖肿胀体积、TNF-α、PGE2、NO水平和膝关节滑膜巨噬细胞密度,升高脾脏淋巴细胞凋亡率(P<0.05或P<0.01),但SOD、MDA无明显变化(P>0.05).结论 金荞麦药酒治疗类风湿关节炎的机制可能与调节TNF-α、PGE2、NO水平、膝关节滑膜巨噬细胞密度、脾脏淋巴细胞凋亡率有关.     

番茄红素对脓毒血症大鼠心肌损伤的影响

目的:观察番茄红素对脓毒血症大鼠心肌损伤的影响。方法:雄性SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组(NOR)、脓毒血症组(SEP)及番茄红素处理组(LYC)。大鼠通过腹腔注射内毒素(20 mg/kg)制备脓毒血症模型,番茄红素处理组大鼠在以番茄红素预处理2 h后腹腔注射内毒素,6 h后,收集血样品及心脏。检测血清炎症细胞因子水平、抗氧化酶活性及丙二醛(MDA)含量;观察心肌组织学变化;检测心肌组织炎症调节蛋白磷酸化核因子κB(p-NF-κB)、环氧酶-2(COX-2)的表达。结果:与对照组比较,脓毒血症组大鼠血清炎症细胞因子肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)和白介素-6(IL-6)及MDA含量升高,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性降低,心肌组织p-NF-κB和COX-2水平升高;番茄红素处理明显降低血清TNF-α和IL-6及MDA含量,提高SOD活性,降低心肌组织p-NF-κB和COX-2表达。形态观察可见脓毒血症组大鼠心肌纤维损伤、排列疏松,番茄红素处理减轻了心肌纤维损伤。结论:番茄红素预处理可减轻脓毒血症大鼠的心肌损伤,其机制可能通过下调炎症信号NF-κB/COX-2实现。     

维拉帕米对梗阻性黄疸大鼠肝组织核因子κB表达的影响

目的:探讨维拉帕米对梗阻性黄疸时肝组织核因子-κB(nuclear factor kappa B, NF-κB)表达的影响. 方法:将雄性SD大鼠48只随机分成胆管结扎组、维拉帕米组和假手术组.分别于术后第7天、14天处死大鼠,观察肝组织NF-κB p65表达、丙二醛(MDA)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)含量以及血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)和白介素-6(IL-6)的变化. 结果:维拉帕米组肝组织NF-κB p65表达、MDA含量及血清TNF-α,IL-6水平均明显低于胆管结扎组(P＜0.05或P＜0.01). 结论:维拉帕米可下调肝组织NF-κB的表达,减轻梗阻性黄疸时肝损伤.     

督脉加药发泡疗法治疗大鼠佐剂性关节炎的研究

目的观察督脉加药发泡疗法对大鼠佐剂性关节炎(AA)的疗效,并初步探讨其作用机理。方法采用大鼠足跖皮内注射福氏完全佐剂建立AA模型,采用雷公藤膏、斑蝥膏、斑蝥雷公藤膏督脉穴位贴敷(发泡)疗法,观察足跖肿胀度、足爪组织病理学变化、脾脏指数、血清和足跖炎症组织中的PGE2含量。结果斑蝥膏组、斑蝥雷公藤膏组可有效抑制AA大鼠足跖肿胀度和足爪组织病理学变化,尤其以斑蝥雷公藤膏组为更显著。发泡疗法可提高大鼠脾脏指数值以及血清中的PGE2含量,而足跖炎症组织中PGE2含量各组间无明显差异。结论督脉发泡疗法对AA具有良好的抗炎消肿作用,在发泡剂中添加雷公藤后疗效更佳,其机理可能与免疫调节有关,与血清和足跖炎症组织中的PGE2含量变化无关。     

基于NF-κB/COX-2信号通路探讨芍药内酯苷对溃疡性结肠炎模型大鼠的影响

目的:基于NF-κB/COX-2信号通路探讨芍药内酯苷对溃疡性结肠炎模型大鼠的影响。方法:采用5%2,4,6-三硝基苯磺酸(80 mg·kg^-1)和体积分数50%乙醇混合液灌肠制备大鼠溃疡性结肠炎模型,造模成功后将其随机分为模型组、美沙拉嗪组(0.36 g·kg^-1)、芍药内酯苷高剂量组(60 mg·kg^-1)、芍药内酯苷中剂量组(30 mg·kg^-1)、芍药内酯苷低剂量组(15 mg·kg^-1),另设假手术组。给予相应的药物14 d后,ELISA法检测大鼠血清白细胞介素-1β(interleukin-1β,IL-1β)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)水平;检测大鼠结肠组织丙二醛(malondialdehyde, MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase, SOD)活性;RT-qPCR法检测大鼠结肠组织NF-κB mRNA、COX-2 mRNA水平;Western Blot法检测大鼠结肠组织NF-κB、COX-2及p-NF-κB蛋白表达;HE染色观察大鼠结肠组织病理损伤变化。结果:与模型组比较,芍药内酯苷高、中、低剂量组及美沙拉嗪组大鼠血清IL-1β、TNF-α水平显著降低(P<0.01,P<0.05),结肠组织MDA活性显著降低(P<0.05),SOD活性显著升高(P<0.05),结肠组织p-NF-κB/NF-κB水平及COX-2蛋白表达显著降低(P<0.05),且结肠组织病理损伤有改善。结论:芍药内酯苷可抑制溃疡性结肠炎大鼠发生炎症反应,抑制结肠组织氧化反应,减轻结肠组织病变,作用可能与NF-κB/COX-2信号通路有关。     

原花青素对CIA大鼠足爪组织中NF-κB/p65蛋白和血清中某些促炎性细胞因子表达的影响

目的研究原花青素对Ⅱ型胶原诱导的类风湿性关节炎(CIA)大鼠足爪组织中核转录因子NF-κB/p65蛋白表达的抑制作用和血清中炎性细胞因子IL-1β、TNF-α等水平的影响。方法建立Ⅱ型胶原诱导的CIA大鼠模型,免疫组化法检测足爪组织中NF-κB/p65蛋白的表达,ELISA法检测CIA大鼠血清中IL-1β和TNF-α的含量。结果原花青素能剂量依赖性地下调NF-κB/p65蛋白的表达,降低CIA大鼠血清中TNF-α和IL-1β的水平。结论原花青素对CIA大鼠炎症的抑制作用可能与其下调NF-κB/p65蛋白表达、降低促炎性细胞因子TNF-α、IL-1β的水平有关。     

金樱子对糖尿病大鼠肝MCP-1、TNF-α和NF-κB表达的影响

目的 研究金樱子对链脲佐菌素(streptozotocin, STZ)和高糖高脂诱导的实验性糖尿病大鼠肝脏MCP-1、TNF-α和NF-κB表达的影响.方法 用STZ腹腔注射和饲喂高糖高脂诱导法建立SD 大鼠糖尿病模型,随机分为糖尿病模型组和金樱子干预组,同时另设正常对照组和金樱子对照组.每4周检测血清血糖和胰岛素水平, 24周后处死大鼠,取肝组织,酶法测定MDA、SOD、TAC含量.用免疫组化方法 检测肝脏组织细胞MCP-1、TNF-α和NF-κB三个因子的表达.结果 金樱子可以降低实验性糖尿病大鼠血糖、胰岛素含量(P<0.05),降低肝组织MDA含量(P<0.05),增强肝组织中SOD、TAC含量(P<0.05),下调肝MCP-1、TNF-α和NF-κB的表达(P<0.05).结论 金樱子对实验性糖尿病鼠肝有保护作用,其机制与抑制肝MCP-1、TNF-α和NF-κB的表达有关.     

独活寄生汤对膝关节骨性关节炎模型大鼠NF-κB信号通路的影响

目的观察独活寄生汤对膝关节骨性关节炎模型大鼠NF-κB信号通路的作用,探讨其缓解膝关节骨性关节炎的可能机制。方法将大鼠随机分为空白组、模型组、纳曲酮组和独活寄生汤组,采用寒冷刺激法建立膝关节骨性关节炎模型。各组给予相应的药液灌胃。观察大鼠膝关节关节软骨病理形态变化;ELISA检测大鼠血清中IL-1、TNF-α的表达;Real time-PCR和Western bolt检测软骨中IκBα、NF-κBp65的基因和蛋白表达水平。结果纳曲酮组和独活寄生汤组大鼠的膝关节肿胀程度、活动度、饮食和精神都要优于模型组。纳曲酮组和独活寄生汤组大鼠膝关节软骨表面较粗糙,稍有不平整,软骨细胞排列较规则,炎性细胞浸润明显好转。与空白组比较,模型组大鼠血清中IL-1、TNF-α表达水平升高(P0.01);与模型组比较,纳曲酮组和独活寄生汤组大鼠血清中IL-1、TNF-α表达下降(P0.01,P0.05)。与空白组比较,模型组大鼠软骨中IκBα、NF-κBp65的基因和蛋白表达水平升高(P0.01);与模型组比较,纳曲酮组和独活寄生汤组大鼠软骨中IκBα、NF-κBp65的基因和蛋白表达水平降低(P0.01,P0.05)。结论独活寄生汤能缓解膝关节骨性关节炎模型大鼠的症状,其机制可能与其调节大鼠软骨中NF-κB信号通路的表达有关。     

坎地沙坦对糖尿病心肌纤维化及氧化应激、NF-κB的抑制作用

目的:研究坎地沙坦(Candesartan)对糖尿病大鼠心肌纤维化及氧化应激、NF-κB表达的影响。方法:30只雄性SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组(NC组)、糖尿病组(DM组)和坎地沙坦干预组(Cand组)。腹腔注射链脲佐菌素诱导糖尿病大鼠模型,Cand组于造模成功后给予坎地沙坦8mg/(kg·d)灌胃。12周末取血及心脏标本,测定血糖、心脏质量指数(HMI)及左心室质量指数(LVMI);Masson染色观察心肌形态及测算心肌间质胶原容积分数(CVF)(%),测定血清和左心室心肌组织中丙二醛(MDA)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活性及还原型谷光甘肽(GSH)含量变化;Western法及免疫组织化学方法检测左心室心肌NF-κB p65及TNF-α蛋白表达水平。结果:与NC组比较,DM组HMI、LVMI显著增加(P<0.01),血清及心肌MDA含量显著增高,GSH含量及SOD活性均显著降低(P<0.05);心肌NF-κB p65及TNF-α表达明显升高;心肌细胞排列紊乱,胶原纤维增多,CVF明显升高(P<0.01)。与DM组比较,Cand组HMI、LVMI降低(P<0.05),血清及心肌MDA含量降低,SOD及GSH明显增高(P<0.05);Cand组心肌NF-κB p65及TNF-α表达明显减少(P<0.01);心肌间质纤维减少,CVF下降(P<0.01)。结论:坎地沙坦可通过抑制氧化应激及NF-κB活化、下调TNF-α表达,抑制糖尿病心肌纤维化。     

核转录因子κB在非酒精性脂肪肝大鼠肝组织中的表达

目的观察高脂饮食诱导的非酒精性脂肪肝大鼠肝组织核转录因子κB(NF-κB)的表达、脂质过氧化损伤及血清细胞因子的变化情况,探讨非酒精性脂肪肝的发病机制.方法20只大鼠随机分为正常组10只、模型组10只,模型组予高脂饲料喂养,正常组予普通标准饲料喂养,连续12周,观察肝组织的病理改变,免疫组化法检测大鼠肝组织NF-κBp65的表达,TBA法检测肝匀浆MDA含量,黄嘌呤氧化酶法检测肝匀浆SOD活力,放免法测定血清中TNF-α、IL-6的含量,硝酸还原酶法检测血清NO含量.结果模型组大鼠肝组织可见重度脂肪变、炎症细胞浸润、肝细胞坏死、汇管区渗出.NF-κBp65在模型组大鼠肝组织中表达较在正常组中明显增高(P＜0.01),模型组大鼠肝匀浆MDA含量和血清TNF-α、IL-6、NO含量均较正常组明显升高,肝匀浆SOD活力则较正常组明显降低(P＜0.01或P＜0.05).结论高脂饮食可引起大鼠肝脏发生非酒精性脂肪变性,NF-κB参与了高脂饮食诱导的非酒精性脂肪肝损伤过程,在其发生发展中可能起重要作用.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Dr.Zhang Ren''''s Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

Luo Lingjie''''s Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性的影响

目的 探讨猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气(NCPAP)对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性(CK-MB)的影响.方法 选取呼吸衰竭早产儿80例,分为观察组和对照组各40例.对照组采用NCPAP给氧治疗,观察组给予NCPAP给氧联合猪肺磷脂气管内给药.观察两组患儿治疗前及治疗12h、24 h后PaO2、PaCO2、血氧饱和度(SaO2)、pH的变化情况,检测治疗前及治疗5d后血清CK-MB水平;评估两组患儿的临床治疗效果.结果 两组患儿PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2、pH比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其中观察组治疗后的PaO2、SaO2、pH均高于对照组,PaCO2则低于对照组.两组的PaO2、SaO2、pH均随观察时间延长而升高(P＜0.05),PaCO2均随观察时间的延长而降低(P＜0.05).观察组治疗有效率为87.5％,显著高于对照组的70.0％ (P ＜0.05).治疗5d后两组患儿血清CK-MB水平均较前降低(P＜0.05),且观察组明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 猪肺磷脂注射液气管内给药联合NCPAP可以显著降低呼吸衰竭早产儿CK-MB的含量,提高治疗有效率,起到很好的呼吸循环支持作用.     

Survey and practice of reporting quality of randomized controlled clinical trials on traditional Chinese medicine

Evidence obtained from randomized controlled trials （RCTs） has been generally accepted as the gold standard in the evaluation of clinical effectiveness. Readers need to understand the trial design, implementation, results, analysis and interpretation, so as to fully Jnderstand the results of RCTs. Thus, the investigators of RCTs have to report these items in a complete, accurate and clear manner. Since 1998, we have conducted several evaluations on the reporting quality of RCTs published in Chinese journals on traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and results have shown that there is an urgent need for higher quality RCTs on TCM.     

TCM Treatment of Ankylosing Spondylitis by Tonifying the Kidney and Strengthening the Governor Vessel

Ankylosing spondylitis is a chronic and progressive disorder with inflammation mainly involving the central axis joints. It mainly affects the cervical spine and the lumbosacral area, with the pathogenesis closely related to the kidney and the Governor Vessel (GV). TCM holds that the syndrome is deficiency in origin and excess in superficiality, which is due to insufficiency of the kidney, deficiency of GV, and blocking of the channels with the invasion of exogenous evil, leading to poor circulation of qi and blood and malnutrition of the bones, muscles and joints. The TCM method of tonifying the kidney and strengthening GV to regulate circulation of qi and blood and check the arthralgia pain should be adopted, with the Kidney-Tonifying and GV Strengthening Decoction (益肾强督汤) prescribed.     

IMPROVING P-gp EXPRESSION IN HUMAN MONONUCLEAR CELLS IN VITRO TRANSFECTED BY MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE-1 mRNA

CHEMOTHERAPY playsa greatrolein the treat- ment of malignanttumors,especiallyingynecolo- gicalones.But inanticancerchemotherapy,leuko-cytopeniaisfrequentlytheprimarydose-limitingsideeffect factor.Moreover,cancersarefrequentlychemoresistantbe-causeof overexpressionof P-glycoprotein(P-gp), which isencodedby multidrugresistancegene (MDR1 ) and detectableinup to50% ofhuman cancersand renderscellsresistancetoanticancerdrugs.The safetyand potentialtherapeuticbenefitof mdr1 gene transferredto h…