银杏叶提取物对6-OHDA诱导PC12细胞Bax和Bcl—2表达的影响

目的探讨银杏叶提取物（Ginkgo biloba extract,GBE）对6-羟基多巴胺（6-hydroxydopamine,6-OH—DA）诱导的PC12细胞凋亡的保护作用及其机制。方法经不同浓度GBE预处理体外培养的PC12细胞加入6-OHDA诱导多巴胺能神经元损伤模型,用4-甲基偶氮唑蓝（MTT）检测PC12细胞活力;流式细胞仪（FCM）测定PC12细胞凋亡百分比;采用免疫印迹法检测Bcl-2和Bax的表达水平。结果100μmolZL的6-OHDA处理PC12细胞24h,细胞活力较正常对照组明显降低（P〈0．01）;与模型组比较,GBE20,40μg/ml可明显减轻6-OHDA对PCI2细胞的毒性,GBE可使细胞活性增强,降低凋亡百分比。与正常对照组比较,模型组Bax表达升高,而Bcl-2表达降低（P〈0．05）。与模型组比较,GBE各剂量组Bax降低,而Bcl-2升高,且呈剂量依赖性（P〈0．05）。结论GBE对6-OHDA诱导的PC12细胞凋亡具有抑制作用,上调Bcl-2和下调Bax表达可能是其作用的机制之一。     

不同浓度的氯化钴对 PC12分化细胞增殖与凋亡的影响

目的：观察不同浓度的氯化钴（CoCl2）对肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤（PC12）分化细胞增殖与凋亡的影响,探讨合理的体外化学模拟缺氧模式。方法应用不同浓度CoCl2作用于PC12分化细胞不同时间,建立化学性缺氧诱导细胞凋亡的实验模型;将PC12细胞分为空白对照组、不同浓度不同时间的CoCl2处理组;应用细胞计数、MTT、Hoechst33342/PI双染色法检测不同浓度CoCl2对PC12分化细胞的增殖与凋亡的影响。结果①CoCl2（≤200μmol/L）在6h内使PC12细胞存活率轻度增加,12h后开始出现细胞存活率降低,并呈现比较明显的剂量和时间依赖关系;CoCl2（≥300μmol/L）诱导PC12分化细胞6h即开始出现存活率降低（P＜0．01）;②150μmol/L CoCl2诱导PC12分化细胞24h后细胞数量明显减少（P＜0．01）;③通过荧光显微镜可见150μmol/L CoCl2诱导PC12分化细胞24h内受损细胞多为早期凋亡,48h后开始出现晚期凋亡和坏死细胞增多。结论 CoCl2对PC12分化细胞增殖与凋亡的影响呈时间和浓度依赖性,进行化学模拟缺氧要考虑CoCl2的作用浓度和作用时间。     

蛋白酶体抑制剂lactacystin诱导PC12细胞凋亡以及半胱氨酸蛋白水解酶3活化的实验研究

目的探讨蛋白酶体功能缺陷是否能诱导多巴胺能细胞发生凋亡及其可能的作用机理。方法应用高选择性的蛋白酶体抑制剂lactacystin(0、1μmol/L、5μmol/l或10μmol/L)处理大鼠嗜铬细胞瘤PC12细胞株24h,四甲基偶氮唑蓝(MTT)比色法检测细胞活力的改变。10μmol/Llactacystin作用24h后,Hoechst荧光染色观察凋亡细胞的核形态学改变,流式细胞仪测定细胞凋亡百分率。用Western印迹法检测10μmol/Llactacystin作用0、24或48h时PC12细胞内半胱氨酸蛋白水解酶3活化片段的动态变化。结果5μmol/L或10μmol/Llactacystin作用24h后,PC12细胞的活力(87%±6%和26%±6%)显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。Hoechst荧光染色显示10μmol/Llactacystin作用24h后部分细胞呈现凋亡细胞核形态学改变;流式细胞仪证实31.4%±4.0%的PC12细胞发生了凋亡,与对照组(7.5%±0.8%)比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。Western印迹法显示对照组细胞内仅有极少量的半胱氨酸蛋白水解酶3活化片段表达;10μmol/Llactacystin作用48h的PC12细胞内半胱氨酸蛋白水解酶3活化片段的表达明显较多。结论蛋白酶体抑制剂lactacystin能诱导多巴胺能细胞PC12发生凋亡,半胱氨酸蛋白水解酶3蛋白酶的激活可能参与lactacystin诱导的PC12细胞凋亡过程;蛋白酶体的功能缺陷在帕金森病发病机制中可能发挥重要作用。     

蜂毒素诱导人T淋巴细胞白血病细胞株6T-CEM的凋亡作用

目的：探讨蜂毒素诱导人T淋巴细胞白血病细胞株6T－CEM的凋亡作用。方法：利用DNA断裂点标记法（TUNEL）、DNA凝胶电泳、活细胞拒染以及光镜方法研究6T－CEM细胞的凋亡。结果：5μg/ml蜂毒素作用4h及4μg/ml蜂毒素作用24h诱导6T－CEM出现明显的凋亡特征。结论：蜂毒素在杀伤6T－CEM的同时能明显诱导细胞凋亡。     

H2S对鱼藤酮诱导PC12细胞凋亡的影响

目的探讨硫化氢(H2S)对鱼藤酮诱导PC12细胞凋亡的影响。方法采用碘化丙啶(PI)染色流式细胞术(FCM)检测细胞凋亡率;Hoechst33258染色荧光显微镜观察PC12细胞形态和核的形态。结果PC12细胞自然凋亡率为3.23%±0.64%,1和3μmol/L鱼藤酮作用于PC12细胞24 h后,细胞凋亡率分别为26.24%±2.92%(P<0.05)和48.82%±6.66%(P<0.01)。400μmol/L NaHS不诱导细胞凋亡,但可使1和3μmol/L鱼藤酮组细胞凋亡率分别下降到11.13%±3.82%(P<0.05)和31.28%±6.85%。结论H2S可以抑制鱼藤酮诱导PC12细胞凋亡。     

姜酚肟对谷氨酸诱导PC12细胞损伤的保护作用

 【目的】探讨姜酚肟对谷氨酸(glutamate, Glu)诱导PC12细胞损伤的保护作用。【方法】体外培养PC12细胞，建立谷氨酸诱导PC12细胞损伤的模型；采用MTT法检测细胞活力，流式细胞术和Hoechst 33258 DNA 染色法检测细胞凋亡。【结果】经5 mmol/L的谷氨酸处理24 h后，PC12细胞活力比对照组降低，仅为对照组的58.3﹪。在一定浓度范围内，姜酚肟能保护PC12 细胞免受谷氨酸(5 mmol/L)的影响，但较高浓度时对细胞有一定的毒性。经不同浓度姜酚肟(3.125、6.25、12.5、25 μg/mL)预处理后，细胞活力明显提高，其保护作用随浓度降低而升高，当浓度为6.25 μg/mL时效果最好，使PC12细胞的存活率达到75.2﹪（P<0.01），浓度为3.125 μg/mL 时，细胞存活率降为70.2﹪(P<0.01)。谷氨酸(5 mmol/L)能诱导PC12细胞凋亡，处理24 h 后细胞凋亡率为20.1﹪, 经姜酚肟(3.125、6.25、12.5、25 μg/ml )预处理后，细胞凋亡率明显降低，分别为3.5﹪(P<0.01), 2.8﹪(P<0.01), 9.6﹪(P<0.01), 17.7﹪(P<0.05)。【结论】谷氨酸能诱导PC12细胞凋亡，较低浓度的姜酚肟能有效保护PC12细胞免受谷氨酸诱导的细胞损伤，其中6.25 μg/ml的姜酚肟效果最好。     

姜酚肟对谷氨酸诱导PC12细胞损伤的保护作用

【目的】探讨姜酚肟对谷氨酸（glutamate，Glu）诱导PC12细胞损伤的保护作用。【方法】体外培养PCI2细胞，建立谷氨酸诱导PC12细胞损伤的模型；采用MTT法检测细胞活力，流式细胞术和Hoechst 33258 DNA染色法检测细胞凋亡。【结果】经5mmol／L的谷氨酸处理24h后，PC12细胞活力比对照组降低，仅为对照组的58．3％。在一定浓度范围内，姜酚肟能保护PC12细胞免受谷氨酸（5mmol／L）的影响，但较高浓度时对细胞有一定的毒性。经不同浓度姜酚肟（3.125、6．25、12．5、25μg／mL）预处理后，细胞活力明显提高，其保护作用随浓度降低而升高，当浓度为6．25μg／mL时效果最好，使PC12细胞的存活率达到75．2％（P〈0．01），浓度为3．125μg／mL时，细胞存活率降为70．2％（P〈0．01）。谷氨酸（5mmol／L）能诱导PCI2细胞凋亡，处理24h后细胞凋亡率为20．1％，经姜酚肟（3．125、6．25、12．5、25μg／mL）预处理后，细胞凋亡率明显降低，分别为3．5％（P〈0．01），2．8％（P〈O．01），9．6％（P〈0．01），17．7％（P〈0．05）。【结论】谷氨酸能诱导PCI2细胞凋亡，较低浓度的姜酚肟能有效保护PC12细胞免受谷氨酸诱导的细胞损伤。其中6．25μg／mL的姜酚肟效果最好。     

Aβ25-35诱导PC12细胞周期变化与凋亡的关系

目的探讨β-淀粉样肽25-35(βamyloid peptide-25-35,Aβ25-35)诱导体外去血清培养的PC12细胞周期变化与凋亡的关系。方法用常规的去血清培养使细胞同步于G0期,采用终浓度为0~45μmol/L Aβ25-35处理PC12细胞24h,用MTT比色法分析细胞存活率;Hoechst33258荧光染色观察细胞核凋亡的形态学改变;DNA电泳观察细胞凋亡时特异性梯状条带(DNA-Ladder);流式细胞仪检测分析细胞周期的改变与凋亡的时间关系。结果随着Aβ25-35剂量的增加,PC12细胞存活率降低(P<0.01);用25μmol/L Aβ25-35处理PC12细胞12、24h,荧光染色结果显示24h出现典型的凋亡,表现为核固缩、核碎裂;DNA电泳结果显示凋亡特异性梯状条带;流式细胞仪分析表明去血清培养24h可使约90%PC12细胞停滞于G0/G1期,25μmol/L Aβ25-35诱导组8、16、24h与对照组比较,S期细胞比例增加(P<0.01),16h后细胞凋亡率增加(P<0.01),可见明显的亚二倍体峰(Ap峰)。结论Aβ25-35降低去血清培养的PC12细胞存活率,诱导同步化于G0/G1的PC12细胞重新进入细胞周期并随之出现凋亡,提示Aβ25-35诱导的PC12细胞凋亡可能与细胞周期紊乱有关。     

亚甲蓝对体外培养C6细胞凋亡的实验研究

目的研究亚甲蓝(MB)对体外培养C6胶质瘤细胞的促凋亡作用及其对Caspase3mRNA水平的影响。初步探讨MB抗胶质瘤的作用机制,并为MB作为肿瘤的辅助治疗提供理论和实验依据。方法以0.1μg/ml MB处理0、6、12、24小时的C6细胞;以0μg/ml、0.05μg/ml、0.1μg/ml、0.15μg/ml MB处理24小时的C6细胞,通过流式细胞仪检测C6细胞的凋亡率;通过RT-PCR进行凋亡相关基因Caspase-3mRNA水平的检测。结果经流式细胞术检测,0.1μg/ml MB作用24小时后细胞大部分集中在G0/G1期,出现典型的凋亡峰。以同一浓度(0.1μg/ml)MB处理不同时间的C6细胞;以不同浓度MB处理同一时间(24小时)的C6细胞,经RT-PCR证实Caspase-3mRNA随MB作用时间延长和浓度增高而升高,各组间均有显著差异(P<0.01)。结论MB对C6细胞具有诱导凋亡的作用,此过程中伴有Caspase-3的升高,且Caspase-3的升高与MB作用时间的延长和作用浓度的增高相一致。提示MB可能通过Caspase-3途径诱导细胞凋亡,且MB的抗胶质瘤作用有明显的时间和浓度依赖性。     

培补肝肾中药对 MPP+ 诱导 PC12 细胞凋亡的影响

培补肝肾中药由肉苁蓉、枸杞子、何首乌组成，临床实验证明其治疗帕金森病(Parkinson’s disease，PD)有一定疗效。本实验采用1-甲基-4-苯基吡啶离子(1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium，MPP^ )建立PC12细胞凋亡模型，观察培补肝肾中药对MPP^ 诱导的PC12细胞凋亡的影响。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Development on Adjustable Calibration Marker for Shock Wave Focus

Shock wave lithotripsy （SWL） is a treatment of choice for upper urinary stones. However, this procedure is inappropriate for obese patients because the focus is often unable to reach the target owing to the limited focal distance in shock wave source. Although treating such patients in a blast path may increase the application length of shock wave source, it＇s difficult to find this path on the lithotripter monitor. For this reason, we invented an adjustable calibration marker in order to set an effective focus in the shock wave hath.     

Study on the TCM Pathogenesis of Angiopathic Complications of Type II Diabetes

Excess production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)of mitochondrion mediated by hyperglycemia is the common pathogenesis of angiopathic complications of diabetes.TCM holds that the damp from the dysfunction of spleen.kidney and liver is the causative factor of complications of diabetes.This is similar to the mechanism of Ros resulting in angiopathic complications of diabetes.When the angiopathic complications of type II diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are difierentiated as caused by turbid damp in TCM can be explained as ROS.Since the obstruction of pathogenic damp in channels and collaterals is said to be the main pathogenesis,the treating principle should be dissolving the damp to remove the obstruction.     

Leptin, Ghrelin and TNF-α before and after Hypo-caloric Traditional Chinese Diet and Auricular Acupuncture

INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex emergent problem, which can be possibly solved not only by the diet but also by the life style and promotion of a constant physical exercise. 1, 2 No doubt careful attentions must be given to the nutritional condition of obese people, the dietary habits, the somatic build (i.e. distribution of fat mass) and the organic functions linked to formation of the fat mass. All the parameters should be constantly monitored before, during and after a diet treatment. 3, 4, 5     

Relationship between Dysglycemia and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Tibetan Population

People with dysglycemia are at high risk for atherosclerotic diseases. This study aims at investigating the atherosclerotic vascular damage in dysglycemia and its metabolic origin in Tibetan population.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

Luo Lingjie's Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.