维持性血透患者进行高通量血透的临床研究

目的:探讨高通量血透(HFD)的安全性及,岛床应用价值.方法:选取在本院血液净化中心长期维持性血透且病情稳定、透析病程在半年以上的患者15例.测定普通血透(CHD)前后的血尿素氮(BUN)、肌酐(Scr)、血脂、β2-微球蛋白(β2-MG)、氨基酸谱等,然后将患者改行高通量血透,持续进行3个月,再测定HFD前后的上述相同指标.另外测定15例年龄、性剐相匹配的健康体检者的血清氨基酸谱作为对照.结果:①CHD和HFD对BUN、Scr的清除差异无显著性.②HFD 3个月后,透前血胆固醇无显著性改变,但血甘油三酯有明显下降[(1.53±1.11)vs(2.02±1.41)mmol/L,P=0.035)].③单次HFD使血β2-MG明显下降[(13.44±0.78)vs(10.40±1.26)mg/dl,P=-0.000],CHD不能使血β2-MG下降,反而升高[(13.45±0.50)vs(13.70±0.53)mg/dl,P=0.09].但连续HFD3月后,透前血β2-MG并无显著下降[(13.44±0.78)vs(13.45±0.50)mg/dl,P=0.947].④单次CHD和HFD对血清总氨基酸浓度无显著影响.高通量血透前患者血清总氨基酸浓度低于健康对照[(765.01±304.97)vs(1182.50±295.48)μ mol/L,P=0.0021;高通量血透3月后,血清总氨基酸水平明显升高,与健康对照相比差异无显著性[(1599.41±1131.79)vs(1182.50±295.48)μmol/L,P=0.087].结论:HFD有利于降低血透患者的甘油三酯,对血清β2-MG的清除更明显,单次HFD对血清总氨基酸浓度无显著影响.连续HFD可改善血透患者血清氨基酸谱,可能与胃纳改善,营养物质摄八增加有关.短期观察发现HFD安全有效,比CHD有一定优势.     

连续性高容量血液滤过中血清氨基酸水平对免疫功能的影响

目的:探讨连续性高容量血液滤过(CHVHF)治疗急性肾损伤(AKI)危重症患者中氨基酸水平的变化及其对免疫功能的影响.方法:选取接受24 h CHVHF治疗的AKI危重症患者20例,随机分为CHVHF组和CHVHF+氨基酸组.观察单次治疗前后患者血清游离氨基酸谱、免疫球蛋白、淋巴细胞CD4+/CD8+比值、中性粒细胞吞噬率及吞噬指数的变化,同时评价急性生理学及慢性健康状况Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ)评分.结果:CHVHF治疗后,CHVHF组血清中所有氨基酸水平均降低,CH-VHF+氨基酸组血清中所有氨基酸水平均较治疗前升高,多数氨基酸水平的差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05),CHVHF+氨基酸组7种必需氨基酸、谷氨酰胺、精氨酸水平均高于CHVHF组,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).治疗后中性粒细胞吞噬率、吞噬指数及淋巴细胞CD4+/CD8+均较治疗前升高(P ＜0.05),CHVHF组低于CHVHF+氨基酸组,两组间差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05);治疗后两组免疫球蛋白均升高(P ＜0.05),但两组间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);治疗后患者A-PACHEⅡ评分均降低(P＜0.05),但两组间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论:在AKI危重症患者行CHVHF治疗过程中补充足够氨基酸可以提高患者血清游离氨基酸水平,进一步改善其免疫状态.     

高通量血液透析对促红素疗效的影响

目的:研究高通量血液透析(HPD)对维持性血透病人促红细胞生成素(EPO)疗效的影响.方法:维持性血透病人33例随机分为两组,常规使用EPO,一组采用Fresenius F60高通量透析器透析,另一组采用Fresenius F6普通透析器(CHD)进行常规透析.透析时间均为4小时,定期测定血红蛋白值.结果:HPD组治疗后血红蛋白(Hb)明显升高(P＜0.001),CHD组治疗前后Hb无明显差异性(P＞0.005),组间比较(P＜0.001).结论:高通量血液透析能增强促红素的疗效.     

α-酮酸制剂治疗维持性血透患者营养不良的疗效观察

目的 探讨α-酮酸制剂对改善慢性肾功能衰竭维持性血透患者营养状况的效果.方法 采取体检方法对30例慢性肾功能不全维持性血透患者应用α-酮酸制剂治疗,于前后进行营养状况的评价,同时与30例未经α-酮酸制剂治疗的慢性维持性血透患者进行对照分析.结果 与对照组相比,α-酮酸制剂治疗组在治疗3个月和6个月后血清前白蛋白、体质指数、血钙、血磷、甘油三酯、总胆固醇均有改善(均P＜0.05)；但血清白蛋白、血红蛋白、转铁蛋白均改善不明显(均P＞ 0.05).结论 慢性肾功能衰竭维持性血透患者予一般蛋白饮食+常规治疗辅以α-酮酸制剂治疗,可以改善部分患者营养状况.     

高通量血液透析治疗尿毒症患者临床疗效

目的:观察高通量血液透析治疗尿毒症患者的临床效果.方法:随机选择近2年30例给予高通量血液透析治疗的尿毒症患者为观察组,另随机选择同期30例给予常规血液透析的尿毒症患者为对照组.观察对比两组患者治疗前后血肌酐(Scr)、尿素氮(BUN)、甲状旁腺素(PTH)、β2-微球蛋白(β2-MG)、总胆固醇(TC)等指标的差异,并观察患者主观症状的变化情况.结果:观察组患者治疗前后的Scr、BUN、PTH、β2-MG、TC值均有显著变化(P＜0.05);对照组患者治疗前后的Scr、BUN值有显著变化(P＜0.05),而PTH、β2-MG、TC值无显著变化(P＞0.05);两组治疗后的TC、PTH、β2-MG值有显著差异(P＜0.05).两组患者治疗后的主观症状较治疗前均有明显改善(P＜0.05),观察组症状改善情况更为明显(P＜0.05).结论:高通量血液透析治疗尿毒症能显著改善症状,清除血液中的毒素,改善血脂,疗效确切.     

Correlation Between Uric Acid and Hemoglobin in Elderly Patients With Parkinson′s Disease

目的 探讨老年帕金森病(PD)患者血尿酸水平与性别、年龄、病情分级、血红蛋白之间的关系.方法 分别采用尿酸氧化酶传感器检测法、氰化高铁血红蛋白比色法测定100例老年PD患者和100例健康对照者血清尿酸浓度、血红蛋白浓度,比较两组的差异.结果 PD组血清尿酸浓度低于健康对照组(P＜0.05);PD组血红蛋白浓度与健康对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);PD不同分期组血清尿酸浓度均低于健康对照组(P＜0.05),PD Ⅰ级尿酸浓度＞Ⅱ级＞Ⅲ级＞Ⅳ级＞Ⅴ级;PD组不同年龄段组间血清尿酸浓度差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05);男性组与女性组尿酸、血红蛋白浓度差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).PD组血尿酸与血红蛋白无相关性(P＞0.05).结论 老年帕金森病患者血清尿酸水平降低,但其尿酸水平与性别、年龄无关联,血红蛋白浓度与尿酸无相关性.     

高血压高脂血症患者血清TC、TG水平及WBC的相关性及其对预后评估的价值

目的:探究高血压高脂血症患者血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)水平及白细胞计数(WBC)的相关性及其对预后评估的价值.方法:选择100名体检健康者、163例单纯高血压、182例单纯高脂血症和173例高血压合并高脂血症者为研究对象,并分别设为健康组、对照1组、对照2组和研究组,研究组再根据随访结果分为预后良好组(n=142)和预后不良组(n=31);比较四组对象及研究组不同预后患者血清TC、TG水平及WBC,分析血清TC、TG及WBC的相关性及其对患者预后评估的价值.结果:四组研究对象血清TC、TG水平及WBC比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),且研究组＞对照2组＞对照1组＞健康组(P＜0.05);预后不良组患者TC、TG及WBC高于预后良好组(P＜0.05).相关性分析显示,TC与TG、WBC和TG与WBC呈正相关(r=0.613、0.537、0.716,P＜0.05).ROC曲线分析显示,TC、TG、WBC单独及三者联合评估患者预后的AUC值分别为0.716、0.751、0.608和0.841.结论:高血压高脂血症患者血清TC、TG及WBC与患者病情变化关系密切,对患者预后评估有一定价值.     

高通量血透治疗终末期肾病的临床观察

目的:研究高通量血透治疗终末期肾病的临床效果。方法:选取2010年7月-2012年6月本院收治的终末期肾病患者50例作为研究对象,首先予以常规血透,作为常规阶段,1年后予以高通量血透治疗,疗程为1年,为观察阶段,比较两阶段内患者的相关指标。结果:经高通量血透治疗后,患者精神和体力好转;治疗后,观察阶段与对照阶段的血磷、β2-微球蛋白均显著低于治疗前水平,血红蛋白含量则高于治疗前,比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后观察阶段与对照阶段的PTH均低于治疗前,且观察阶段的PTH清除率较对照阶段有显著升高,比较差异具有统计学意义(t=13.29、字2=9.67;P0.05);观察阶段的降压药使用频率以及并发症率均明显低于对照组(字2=8.57、11.38,P0.05)。结论:应用高通量血透治疗终末期肾病的疗效确切,有利于各项临床体征的改善与病情缓解,也能避免治疗过程中的并发症风险,较常规血透更为安全可靠。     

Relationship between preeclampaia and prethrombotic state: a clinial analysis

目的 探讨子痫前期与血栓前状态的关系.方法 选择2009年11月-2010年11月92例子痫前期患者为研究对象,其中40例为早发型子痫前期(早发组),52例为晚发型子痫前期(晚发组);分别选择同期正常妊娠妇女各52例入选对照1、2组.检测各组凝血指标纤维蛋白原(FIB)、D-二聚体,肝功能指标总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(A)、丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST),肾功能指标血清肌酐(SCr)、血清尿素(BUN)、24 h尿蛋白量(24hUP).结果 早发组的FIB、D-二聚体均显著高于对照1组(P值均＜0.05),晚发组均显著高于对照2组(P值均＜0.05),早发组的FIB、D-二聚体显著高于晚发组(P值均＜0.05).早发组的SCr、BUN、24hUP均显著高于对照1组(P值均＜0.05),晚发组均显著高于对照2组(P值均＜0.05),早发组与晚发组间SCr、BUN的差异均无统计学意义(P值均＞0.05),早发组的24hUP显著高于晚发组(P＜0.05).早发组的ALT、AST均显著高于对照1组和晚发组(P值均＜0.05),TP、A均显著低于对照组(P值均＜0.05);晚发组的TP、A均显著低于对照2组(P值均＜0.05),ALT、AST的差异均无统计学意义(P值均＞0.05);早发组的TP、A有晚发组的趋势,但两组间差异无统计学意义(P值均＞0.05).结论 子痫前期患者存在血栓前状态和多脏器功能受损,其中早发型予痫前期的改变更为显著.     

急性冠状动脉综合征患者血清热休克蛋白60和肿瘤坏死因子-α检测

目的:检测急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)患者外周血热休克蛋白60(HSP60)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)水平,并探讨2者的相关性.方法:选择稳定型心绞痛(SAP)患者36例,ACS患者23例,以健康成人20例作为对照,采用ELISA方法检测血清HSP60和TNF-α水平.结果:ACS组血清HSP60水平高于正常对照组和SAP组(P均＜0.001),SAP组和对照组间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).TNF-α水平在各组之间差异均无统计学意义(P均＞0.05).血清HSP60与TNF-α水平无相关性(r=-0.146,P＞0.05).结论:ACS患者血清HSP60水平升高,可反映患者体内的免疫状态.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Development on Adjustable Calibration Marker for Shock Wave Focus

Shock wave lithotripsy （SWL） is a treatment of choice for upper urinary stones. However, this procedure is inappropriate for obese patients because the focus is often unable to reach the target owing to the limited focal distance in shock wave source. Although treating such patients in a blast path may increase the application length of shock wave source, it＇s difficult to find this path on the lithotripter monitor. For this reason, we invented an adjustable calibration marker in order to set an effective focus in the shock wave hath.     

Study on the TCM Pathogenesis of Angiopathic Complications of Type II Diabetes

Excess production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)of mitochondrion mediated by hyperglycemia is the common pathogenesis of angiopathic complications of diabetes.TCM holds that the damp from the dysfunction of spleen.kidney and liver is the causative factor of complications of diabetes.This is similar to the mechanism of Ros resulting in angiopathic complications of diabetes.When the angiopathic complications of type II diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are difierentiated as caused by turbid damp in TCM can be explained as ROS.Since the obstruction of pathogenic damp in channels and collaterals is said to be the main pathogenesis,the treating principle should be dissolving the damp to remove the obstruction.     

Leptin, Ghrelin and TNF-α before and after Hypo-caloric Traditional Chinese Diet and Auricular Acupuncture

INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex emergent problem, which can be possibly solved not only by the diet but also by the life style and promotion of a constant physical exercise. 1, 2 No doubt careful attentions must be given to the nutritional condition of obese people, the dietary habits, the somatic build (i.e. distribution of fat mass) and the organic functions linked to formation of the fat mass. All the parameters should be constantly monitored before, during and after a diet treatment. 3, 4, 5     

Relationship between Dysglycemia and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Tibetan Population

People with dysglycemia are at high risk for atherosclerotic diseases. This study aims at investigating the atherosclerotic vascular damage in dysglycemia and its metabolic origin in Tibetan population.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.