农村新生儿乙型肝炎疫苗免疫后10年的效果观察

为了解新生儿乙肝疫苗免疫后抗－ＨＢｓ持久性及远期保护效果,从１９８６年开始,结合农村计划免疫给新生儿接种３针１０μｇ／ｍｌ血源乙肝疫苗,对免疫后首次检测ＨＢｓＡｇ阴性的７６２名免疫儿童进行了最长１０年的追踪观察。结果（１）母亲ＨＢｓＡｇ阴性儿和阳性儿的抗－ＨＢｓ阳性率以Ｓ／Ｎ值≥２．１标准计算,分别从免疫后第１年９４．４４％和８４．２１％降至第１０年５０．２４％和３４．７８％,均呈逐年下降趋势;抗－ＨＢｓＳ／Ｎ值的ＧＭＴ由第２年的３１．６２和２３．９９降至第１０年的３．０９和２．５１,下降更为明显,且ＧＭＴ以免疫后３～５年下降最快,而抗－ＨＢｓ阳性率则以９～１０年下降最快。（２）母亲ＨＢｓＡｇ阴性儿６８８名,共观察了３５５９．０人年,出现５例ＨＢｓＡｇ阳转者,ＨＢｓＡｇ年阳转率０．１４％;母亲ＨＢｓＡｇ阳性儿７４名,共观察了４５６．５人年,出现１例ＨＢｓＡｇ阳转者,ＨＢｓＡｇ年阳转率０．２２％,出现的６例ＨＢｓＡｇ阳转者均未形成慢性携带状态。与乙肝疫苗免疫前同龄ＨＢＶ易感儿童ＨＢｓＡｇ年阳转率４．２７％相比,乙肝疫苗对母亲ＨＢｓＡｇ阴性儿和阳性儿的ＨＢｓＡｇ阳转保护率分别为９６．７２％和９４．８５％。     

新生儿乙肝疫苗免疫后远期效果定群观察

为了解接种乙肝疫苗的长期免疫效果，对广西肝癌高发区隆安县接种乙肝疫苗的新生儿进行免后８年定群随访观察，结果显示，新生儿乙肝疫苗免后１￣８年，抗－ＨＢｓ阳性率由７３．３％下降至３５．９％，ＨＢｓＡｇ阳性率第１年为１．４％，第８年为１．９％，波动于１．１％￣２．９％之间，与对照组相比，平均保护率仍为８７．１％，说明免疫后８年保护率仍持久不衰，抗－ＨＢｓ下降并不导致ＨＢｓＡｇ阳性率上升，似乎可以从机体的     

幼儿乙型肝炎疫苗接种的免疫效果及免后抗-HBs动态水平研究

经放射免疫法（ＲＩＡ）检测乙型肝炎（乙肝）标记全部阴性的３～４岁幼儿，随机分为接种，对照两组。接种组按０、１、６月程序接种乙肝血源疫苗３０、１０、１０μｇ３针。免后１、６、１２、２４、３６个月抗－ＨＢｓ阳性率分别为９５．６８％、９５．００％、９２．３１％、８７．５０％、和８５．４０％。接咱乙肝疫苗后随着时间的延长，血清抗－ＨＢｓ滴度呈下降趋势。免后３年乙肝疫苗保护率７９．５０％     

HBsAg阳性母亲的婴儿接种乙肝疫苗免疫持久性9年随访观察

１０６名ＨＢｓＡｇ阳性母亲的婴儿，用１０μｇ×３剂和以０、１、６月程序接种乙肝疫苗．于接种后１年检测时，对其中抗－ＨＢｓＳ／Ｎ值＞２．１的８７人，及免疫接种失败者ＨＢｓＡｇ阳性１９人和未接种乙肝疫苗而ＨＢｓＡｇ阳性婴儿２８人作了为期９年随访研究．在抗－ＨＢＳ阳转者抗－ＨＢＳ水平的动态变化观察中未发现ＨＢｓＡｇ阳转者．至９年时仍有２９人（４４．６％）抗－ＨＢＳ水平＞２．１，说明疫苗的免疫源性和９年的免疫效果是好的．ＨＢｓＡｇ阳性１９人与未接种疫苗而ＨＢｓＡｇ阳性２８名婴儿同时追踪结果，仍持续ＨＢｓＡｇ阳性，提示这些婴儿系宫内或围产期感染所致。     

乙肝血源疫苗注射部位对新生儿免疫效果影响的观察

将乙肝疫苗按“０－１－６”程序１０μｇ３针法对８５例新生儿采用上臂三角肌注射;对另外９６例新生儿采用臂大肌注射。上臂三角肌注射组在首免后１,６,１２月ＨＢｓＡｂ阳转率为２５．８８％,７３．１７％,９１．３６％,均明显高于臂大肌注射组相应的７．３７％,５１．６１％,７２．２２％;且首免后１２月ＨＢｓＡｂ滴度水平ＧＭＴ前者为３２９．１１ｍＩＵ／ｍｌ,亦明显高于后者１７３．６０ｍＩＵ／ｍｌ。结果表明乙肝     

婚前接种乙型肝炎疫苗阻断HBV母婴传播的效果观察

６年追踪随访婚前接种乙肝疫苗和对照组母亲的新生儿４２人,结果免疫成功母亲的婴儿６个月血清抗－ＨＢｓ阳性率为９０．００％（９／１０）,且无１人感染ＨＢＶ,而两组婚前和婚后ＨＢｓＡｇ、ＨＢｓＡｇ／ＨＢｅＡｇ阳性母亲的婴儿依次为２０．００％（２／１０）及１８．１８％（４／２２）,显著低于前者（Ｐ＜０．０１）,但ＨＢｓＡｇ阳性率各为７０．００％（７／１０）、６８．１８％（１５／２２）。表明婚前乙肝疫苗免疫的“双阻断”作用可部分打破ＨＢＶ“夫妇－母婴－人群”的传播链。     

干扰素抗体与国产重组干扰素治疗慢性乙型肝炎疗效的研究

乙型肝炎疫苗是目前预防和控制乙型肝炎病毒（ＨＢＶ）感染的有效措施，为了解ＨＢＶ感染标志阳性者接种疫苗后的免疫效果，１９９７年１０月至１９９８年１２月对１３３名２０～３０岁ＨＢＶ感染者接种乙肝疫苗。ＨＢＶ感染者的筛选采用ＥＬＩＳＡ法，试剂盒购自华美生物工程公司。疫苗采用深圳康泰生物制品有限公司生产的重组酵母乙肝疫苗，０、１、６月程序，上臂三角肌内接种，剂量为５μｇ／针，全程接种后１～３个月采血，用免疫放射分析法检测血清抗－ＨＢｓ滴度。结果：①ＨＢｓＡｇ单项阳性的６人中，有３人在接种后抗－ＨＢｓ转为…     

深圳市0～14岁儿童HBsAg及抗－HBs现况调查

深圳市０～１４岁儿童ＨＢｓＡｇ及抗－ＨＢｓ现况调查袁芝琴，苏小宏，林和顺，何建凡深圳市在１９８８年已将新生儿乙肝疫苗接种工作纳入计划免疫管理，城区新生儿乙肝疫苗接种率由１９８８年的８１．６％提高到１９９４年的９５％以上，而农村地区则由１９８８年的３０...     

HBsAg阳性母亲的新生儿乙型肝炎疫苗免疫后追踪观察

目的探讨不同方案乙型肝炎疫苗免疫，对母亲ＨＢｓＡｇ阳性新生儿的免疫持久性。方法在２０３名ＨＢｓＡｇ阳性母亲的新生儿出生时，按不同方案和剂量注射乙型肝炎疫苗，免疫后６年内连续进行抗－ＨＢｓ和ＨＢｓＡｇ携带情况的追踪观察。结果６年内抗－ＨＢｓ阳性率一直高于９０％；新生儿免疫后抗－ＨＢｓ在７月龄到１岁形成高峰，在１～２岁期间下降了４８．８２％，２～６岁期间保持相对稳定；８例抗－ＨＢｓ阴转后３～５年仍未被感染；１４例抗－ＨＢｓ阴转１～２年后又产生抗－ＨＢｓ；无一例成为ＨＢｓＡｇ携带者。结论乙型肝炎疫苗免疫后６～１０年可不进行加强免疫。     

乙肝疫苗阻断乙肝围产期传播的长期效果研究

从１５００名孕妇中筛查出８２名ＨＢｓＡｇ≥１∶６４滴度的阳性携带者的新生儿,按随机、双盲、设安慰剂的原则将研究对象分为疫苗组和对照组（人数比为３∶１）。疫苗组在新生儿出生２４小时内注射第１针,１月、６月龄分别注射第２针、第３针乙肝疫苗,对照组按同样程序注射安慰剂。在第１３年时抗ＨＢｓ阳性率仍高达５９３２％（３５／５９）;对照组１３年来有２３５３％（４／１７）受到自然感染后变为抗ＨＢｓ阳性,疫苗组与对照组有显著性差异（Ｐ＜００５）。疫苗组的抗ＨＢｓ阳性者中,抗ＨＢｓＧＭＴ峰值在第１２个月,Ｓ／Ｎ值为６８８４,到１３年时已下降到１７８２。相当于高峰的１／４,但仍明显高于对照组。除出生时疫苗组与对照组ＨＢｓＡｇ阳性率无明显差异外,疫苗组ＨＢｓＡｇ阳性率一直明显低于对照组,在第１３年时疫苗组和对照组的ＨＢｓＡｇ阳性率分别为１８６４％、４７０６％,有显著性差异（Ｐ＜００５）。     

广州市乙型肝炎病毒母婴传播阻断实施3年分析

目的探讨孕晚期应用乙型肝炎免疫球蛋白(anti-hepatis B immuneglobulin,HBIG)对阻断乙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis B virus,HBV)母婴垂直传播的作用。方法回顾性分析2009～2011年在广州市妇女儿童中心和广州市白云区人民医院产前检查并分娩的孕妇共30441例。结果筛查出HBV携带者3682例,HBV携带率为12.10%。HBV携带者中2651例于孕晚期进行HBIG肌肉注射被动免疫治疗,其中684例自孕28周起每月肌肉注射HBIG 200 IU共3次,1967例为新生儿出生前后1个月各肌肉注射HBIG 100 IU共2次。孕晚期应用2次或3次HBIG的新生儿及6月龄婴儿乙型肝炎表面抗原(hepatitis B surface antigen,HBsAg)阳性率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);出生当天新生儿外周血HBsAg阳性率孕晚期被动免疫治疗组3.62%(96/2651),未治疗组26.38%(272/1031),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);而未治疗组HBV疫苗免疫后的6个月龄婴儿外周血HBsAb阳转率为30.15%(82/272),显著低于被动免疫治疗组69.79%(67/96),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论孕晚期注射HBIG可有效阻断HBV的母婴传播。     

HBV感染单个核细胞对阻断乙肝垂直传播的影响

目的:探讨乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)感染新生儿单个核细胞(PBMC)的情况及其对高效价乙肝免疫球蛋白(HBIG)及乙肝疫苗阻断垂直传播的影响。方法:选择HBV感染孕妇257例,检测新生儿脐血血清和脐血单个核细胞(UBMC)中的HBV-DNA;所有新生儿出生24h内和生后2周分别注射HBIG200IU,1月时按0、1、6方案注射乙肝疫苗,并在1岁时检测血清HBsAb和HBV-DNA。结果:血清HBV-DNA阳性产妇的新生儿UBMC中24·18%HBV-DNA阳性,低于该组新生儿血清HBV-DNA阳性率(35·29%,P<0·05)。正规注射HBIG和乙肝疫苗后,新生儿脐血清和UBMC中HBV-DNA同时阳性组婴儿1岁时HBsAb阳转率明显低于血清HBV-DNA阳性、UBMC阴性组(50·00%vs·77·78%,P<0·05),二者都低于HBV-DNA阴性婴儿组(96·67%,P<0·05)。单独血清HBV-DNA阳性和UBMC同时阳性组1岁时HBV-DNA阳性率分别为11·11%和15·79%。结论:HBV能够感染新生儿PBMC,降低HBIG联和乙肝疫苗阻断垂直传播的效果。并因新生儿期的免疫耐受而造成HBV感染的持续与慢性化。     

婴儿期的年龄别体重与幼儿期乙肝疫苗应答的关联

目的 探讨婴儿期的年龄别体重与幼儿期儿童乙肝疫苗应答是否有关联。方法 2013年9月~2015年6月在新疆某三甲医院纳入检测乙肝两对半并完成0~1~6全程接种的儿童，并调查回顾其疫苗接种信息以及0~12月龄身高体重、父母一般情况、母亲孕期、儿童出生情况等。使用年龄别体重及其Z评分（weight for age Z score，WAZ）、年龄别体重偏离情况作为评价体格生长的指标，分析与乙肝疫苗应答的关联。结果 965名儿童纳入研究，男孩490人，女孩475人；平均年龄（1.34±0.56）岁，乙肝抗体阴性儿童占15.23%（147/965），抗体阴性组与阳性组父母一般情况、母亲孕期、儿童出生情况比较，差异均无统计学意义（均有P>0.05）。两组儿童1、3、6、9月龄别体重差异均有统计学意义（均有P<0.05），阴性组高于阳性组。两组儿童1、3、6年龄WAZ、体重偏离情况差异均有统计学意义（均有P<0.05）；1月龄（OR=3.409，95%CI:2.199~5.286）、3月龄（OR=5.339，95%CI:3.128~9.113）、6月龄（OR=5.106，95%CI:2.910~8.958）超重者相对正常者的乙肝疫苗不应答率较高；1月龄（OR=3.554，95%CI:2.249~5.616）、3月龄（OR=5.785，95%CI:3.271~10.232）、6月龄（OR=4.486，95%CI:2.642~7.619）体重右偏离者相对正常者的乙肝疫苗不应答率较高。结论 接种期（0~6月龄）体重对乙肝疫苗应答有影响，体格生长过快影响乙肝疫苗应答。     

粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子治疗HBV宫内感染婴儿的作用

目的:初步观察重组粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(granulocyte-monocyte colony stimulating factor,GM-CSF)作为酵母重组乙型肝炎疫苗(rHBVac)的佐剂对HBV宫内感染婴儿的治疗作用。方法:新生儿抽股静脉血检查乙肝五项,HBsAg(+)和HBV DNA>1 000copies/ml者,分为两组:治疗组新生儿出生后给予乙肝疫苗10μg三角肌肉注射(疫苗注射时间按0、1、6方案),乙肝免疫球蛋白200IU臀部肌肉注射,每隔20天1次,共3次,注射乙肝疫苗后3天同一部位皮内注射GM-CSF 10μg/kg。对照组新生儿出生后给予乙肝疫苗10μg三角肌肉注射(0、1、6方案),乙肝免疫球蛋白每200IU臀部肌肉注射,每隔20天1次,共3次。于1月龄复查乙肝五项,若HBsAg(-)排除研究,HBsAg(+)进入研究,两组均20例。1岁时抽外周静脉血检测乙肝五项、HBV DNA的变化及T淋巴细胞亚群的水平。结果:治疗组1岁婴儿HBsAg转阴率25.00%,对照组1岁婴儿转阴率为5.00%,两组比较差异无统计学意义(χ2=3.14,P>0.05);治疗组CD4+百分数高于对照组(t=11.67,P<0.05),CD8+百分数低于对照组(t=6.25,P<0.05),CD4+/CD8+比值高于对照组(t=13.06,P<0.05),两组比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:GM-CSF联合乙肝疫苗及乙肝免疫球蛋白对HBV宫内感染儿有一定治疗作用。     

326例30个月以下婴幼儿乙肝标志物模式的调查分析

目的:探索新生儿乙肝标志物模式和接种乙肝疫苗后的免疫状态,分析新生儿免疫状态在30个月以内的变化和影响因素。方法:选取326例30个月以内婴幼儿,188例7～30个月完成初次全程免疫接种婴幼儿。采用酶联免疫法对各年龄段婴幼儿乙肝5项指标进行测定。同时对0～1个月新生儿母亲的孕期检查进行回顾性分析。结果:受检婴幼儿的乙肝五项指标中,单纯抗-HBs的阳性率在7～12个月达高峰,为93%,25～30个月时下降至65.3%。抗-HBc阳性所占比例在0～1个月的新生儿中最高,随年龄的增长比例降低。0～1个月的新生儿与母亲乙肝5项模式中各抗体的阳性率比较差异无统计学意义,其中母亲为HBsAg阳性的新生儿,抗-HBc的阳性率为100%。结论:全程接种乙肝疫苗结束后1个月及在25个月后都应及时检测乙肝标志物,提高乙肝疫苗接种失败率及抗-HBs水平衰减的检出,以便及时复种。对于母亲是乙肝病毒携带者的婴幼儿,应在出生时、全程免疫后1个月、25个月时进行乙肝标志物的检查,以检测新生儿阻断的效果及乙肝标志物的动态变化。     

孕妇乙型肝炎病毒携带状态与阻断母婴传播的研究

目的:研究HBsAg阳性孕妇产前应用HBIG、新生儿联合应用HBIG和乙肝疫苗阻断乙肝病毒母婴传播的效果。方法:98例HBsAg阳性孕妇在孕28、32、36周时肌内注射乙型肝炎人免疫球蛋白(HBIG)200 IU,新生儿出生采股静脉血后,臀部肌内注射HBIG 200 IU,三角肌内注射重组乙型肝炎疫苗(酵母)10μg,1月龄时再次注射HBIG 200 IU,1、6月龄常规注射乙肝疫苗10μg,作为实验组;选取92例产前未使用HBIG的HBsAg阳性孕妇作为对照组,所生婴儿仅0、1、6月龄注射重组乙型肝炎疫苗(酵母)10μg。两组婴儿分别在0、1、6、12月龄时采静脉血,检测HBV标志物,随访两组婴儿至1岁。观察、比较两组婴儿的宫内感染率、慢性感染率、保护率及免疫失败率。结果:实验组和对照组宫内感染率分别为3.06%和18.48%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);实验组和对照组慢性感染率分别为1.02%和13.04%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);实验组和对照组保护率分别为95.92%和76.09%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);实验组和对照组免疫失败率分别为1.02%和7.61%,两组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.01)。结论:HBsAg阳性孕妇产前应用HBIG、新生儿出生后应用HBIG和乙肝疫苗联合免疫,可有效阻断母婴垂直传播,提高婴儿的免疫成功率,明显降低慢性HBV感染率。     

Comparative immunogenicity of hepatitis B vaccine with different dosages and schedules in healthy young adults in China

ObjectivesTo compare immunogenicity of hepatitis B vaccine between the standard 3-dose (20 μg) and 2-dose with higher-dosage (60 μg) regimens in healthy young adults and evaluate the safety profile.MethodsA randomized, parallel-group clinical trial was conducted among healthy young adults aged 18−25 years. Subjects were randomly assigned to three groups. One group was administered hepatitis B vaccine with the standard regimen of 0−1−6 month (20 μg) and other groups were immunized with regimens of 0−1 or 0−2 month (60 μg) respectively. Serum samples were collected at 1 month after a series vaccination and 12 months after the first-dose inoculation for anti-HBs antibody measurement with a Chemiluminescent Microparticle ImmunoAssay (CMIA).ResultsThe seroprotection rates in 20 μg (0−1−6 month), 60 μg (0−1 month) and 60 μg (0−2 month) groups were 100, 93.64 and 99.19% at month 7/2/3, and 100, 96.04 and 95.90% at month 12, respectively. There were no significant differences among three vaccine groups (p > 0.05). The geometric mean concentration (GMC) of anti-HBs was significantly higher in 20 μg (0−1−6 month) group than that in 60 μg (0−1 month) group at month 7/2 (1847.99 vs. 839.27 mIU/ml, p = 0.004), but was similar to that in 60 μg (0−2 month) group at month 7/3 (1847.99 vs. 1244.80 mIU/ml, p = 0.138). At month 12, the GMC in 20 μg (0−1−6 month) group was significantly higher than those of other groups (1456.63 vs. 256.30, 235.15 mIU/ml, respectively, p < 0.001). The total incidence of injection-site or systemic adverse reactions was <3%.ConclusionsA 2-dose with higher-dosage hepatitis B vaccine regimens are comparable to the standard 3-dose regimen in terms of immunogenicity except a relatively rapid decline in GMC levels which are associated with the longevity of protection. All formulations of hepatitis B vaccine were well tolerated.Clinicaltrials.gov identifierNCT02203357.     

Comparative immunogenicity and safety of two dosing schedules of a combined hepatitis A and B vaccine in healthy adolescent volunteers: an open, randomised study

An open, randomised study was undertaken to demonstrate the equivalence in immunogenicity and to determine the reactogenicity and safety of two dosing schedules (0, 6 or 0, 12 month) of an adult formulation of a combined hepatitis A and B vaccine containing 720 EL.U. of inactivated hepatitis A antigen and 20 μg of hepatitis B surface antigen (Twinrix™, SmithKline Beecham Biologicals, Belgium) in 240 healthy volunteers aged 12–15 years. The vaccine was well tolerated when administered using either vaccination schedule. At month 7, 98.1% of subjects completing the 0, 6 month vaccination schedule were seroprotected against hepatitis B (anti-hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs)10 mIU/ml) and 100% were seropositive for anti-hepatitis A virus (anti-HAV) antibodies (i.e., 33 mIU/ml). The corresponding geometric mean titres (GMTs) were 2791 mIU/ml for anti-HBs and 5992 mIU/ml for anti-HAV antibodies. At month 13, 97% of subjects assigned to the 0, 12 month vaccination schedule were protected against hepatitis B and 99% were seropositive for anti-HAV antibodies. The corresponding GMTs were 4340 and 8472 mIU/ml, respectively. A combined response (i.e., subjects, who were seropositive for anti-HAV antibodies and seroprotected for anti-HBs antibodies) was achieved in 98% of subjects vaccinated according to the 0, 6 month interval and in 96% of subjects vaccinated using the 0, 12 month schedule. The reactogenicity of both vaccination schedules was also equivalent. The results thus show that the combined hepatitis A and B vaccine can be administered using flexible vaccination intervals, which make it suitable for use in large-scale hepatitis immunisation programmes.     

成人乙型肝炎疫苗无应答者大剂量再免疫效果评价

摘要:目的　探讨2种大剂量乙型肝炎（乙肝）疫苗对无应答成人再免疫的效果,为60 μg/1.0 ml乙肝疫苗的临床应用提供依据。方法　将有乙肝疫苗全程接种史、乙肝表面抗原（HBsAg）及乙肝表面抗体（抗-HBs）阴性的健康成人,根据知情同意、随机原则分为2组,1组为20 μg组,即接种3针20 μg乙肝疫苗,按“0、1、6”程序;1组为60 μg组,即接种1针60 μg乙肝疫苗。完成免疫程序后3个月内检测乙肝5项指标。结果　无应答成人再免疫后,20 μg组和60 μg组2组抗-HBs阳转率约为88%,且正常应答者,2组抗-HBs几何平均滴度（GMT）水平相近,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,低应答者,60 μg组抗-HBs GMT高于20 μg组（P＜0.05）。男性抗-HBs阳转率较女性低（P＜0.05）,不同年龄组间抗-HBs阳转率差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论　1针60 μg/1.0 ml乙肝疫苗和3针20 μg/ml乙肝疫苗疗效相当,可根据个体实际情况选择免疫方案。     

Effect of intravenous phosphate on the red cell phosphate metabolites of the preterm infant

The effect of two different amounts of intravenous phosphorus (Pi) supplementation on intracellular phosphorus (RBCPi) and 2,3 diphosphoglycerate (2,3 DPG) was studied in two groups of preterm newborn infants on total parenteral nutrition (TPN) during the first 7–10 days of life. Group A (n = 10) neonates received 30 mg/kg/day and group B (n = 15) 60 mg/kg/day inorganic Pi intravenously. Sixteen preterm neonates who were fed with milk formula from day 2 (group C) were used as controls. Blood and spot urine specimens were collected on days 1, 4, 7, 15 and 30 after birth. By the end of the first month of life, group B neonates had levels of plasma Pi (PlPi) higher than group A (5.69 ± 0.8 mg/dl vs 4.71 ± 0.3 mg/dl, p < 0.05) and comparable to the controls (5.9 ± 0.7 mg/dl). Red blood cell Pi (RBCPi) increased in group B infants after the fourth day of life and remained higher until the end of the month when compared to the group A infants who received less phosphate (2.34 ± 0.8 mg/dl vs 1.36 ± 0.3 mg/dl, p < 0.05). The 2,3 DPG levels were similar in group B and control infants all through the study period, except on the 15th day. In group A infants 2,3 DPG levels were lower than in controls and on the 30th day they were also lower than in group B infants (4.63 ± 0.7 in group A vs 6.48 ± 1.3 in group B, p < 0.01 and 6.54 ± 1.1 mmol/l in controls, p < 0.01). A positive correlation was found between the concentrations of PlPi and RBCPi and 2,3 DPG levels for the study groups together. Serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels by the end of the month were found increased in the neonates supplemented with lower phosphate amounts (group A: 974 ± 70 IU/L) than in group B (575 ± 63 IU/L, p < 0.01) and controls (520 ± 30 IU/L, p < 0.05). The beneficial effect of higher Pi supplementation on components of phosphate metabolism seems to last well beyond cessation of TPN.