双腔球囊导管在颅内大型、巨大型动脉瘤夹闭术中的临床应用

目的讨论颅内大型、巨大型动脉瘤夹闭术中双腔球囊导管（CBP）应用的若干问题。方法应用CBP辅助夹闭颅内大型、巨大型动脉瘤5例,动脉瘤最大直径20mml例,其余25-35mm。术前CBP预置在动脉瘤近端,术中显露部分瘤体后充盈球囊阻断血供,经内套管逆向抽吸导管远端的血液,瘤内压下降后夹闭瘤颈。结果5例均成功夹闭瘤颈。1例大脑中动脉瘤术后对侧肢体轻偏瘫,对症治疗后基本恢复,其余术后均无神经功能障碍。1例术后一年复查DSA,动脉瘤未见显影。结论双腔球囊导管（CBP）应用于颅内大型、巨大型动脉瘤夹闭术中,既可有效阻断载瘤动脉血流,又可通过逆向抽吸降低瘤内压,有利于防止瘤体破裂、安全夹闭瘤颈。     

血液回抽吸技术在巨大动脉瘤手术中的应用

目的 探讨床突旁大型或巨大动脉瘤手术中血液回抽吸技术的方法和效果.方法 12例颈内动脉床突旁段大型或巨大动脉瘤均采用翼点入路,颈内动脉临时阻断孤立动脉瘤后用18号套管针在颈部颈内动脉阻断的远端穿刺,将套管针尾部用负压吸引器连接到血液回收装置,在不切开动脉瘤的情况下使动脉瘤塌陷.术中应用脑电图和体感诱发电位监测.结果 8例血液逆向抽吸后动脉瘤明显塌陷,将动脉瘤壁与周围结构剥离后夹闭.4例逆向抽吸后动脉瘤塌陷不明显,其中3例切开动脉瘤去除瘤内血栓后夹闭动脉瘤,1例改做动脉瘤孤立并行大隐静脉移植颈外动脉-大脑中动脉搭桥.8例术后行DSA检查,动脉瘤均夹闭满意.按改良COS评分术后良好为10例,差为1例,死亡l例.结论 血液回抽吸方法能使大部分床突旁大型或巨大动脉瘤塌陷,从而获得安全和满意的夹闭.术中应用电生理监测有助于发现早期的脑缺血和判断动脉瘤夹闭后有无载瘤动脉狭窄或误夹.     

颅内动脉瘤的微侵袭手术治疗

目的 探讨颅内动脉瘤微侵袋手术治疗的方法及疗效。方法 对40例颅内动脉瘤患者共42个动脉瘤采用显微手术治疗,其中神经内窥镜辅助显微手术15例,神经导航技术2例,逆向抽吸技术2例。结果 夹闭动脉瘤36个、切除2个、包裹4个。应用内窥镜辅助手术,避免了动脉被误夹及载瘤动脉缩窄;采用逆向抽吸技术治疗2例大型床突旁动脉瘤,1例成功夹闭,另1例阻断失败,压迫颈动脉降低瘤内压后以动脉瘤夹重塑颈内动脉,夹闭瘤颈;神经导航技术准确定位2例末梢动脉瘤后予以切除。结论 显微神经外科技术与神经内窥镜、血管内介入技术及神经导航结合应用,可以有效地提高手术疗效、减少手术损伤。     

颈内动脉大型和巨大型动脉瘤的手术策略

目的探讨颈内动脉巨大动脉瘤的特点和手术策略。方法回顾性分析48例颈内动脉大型和巨大型动脉瘤的手术经验。手术均采用翼点人路，床突旁动脉瘤病例预先暴露颈部颈内动脉以备临时阻断。从硬脑膜内磨除前床突、视神经管上壁以及外侧嵴，以显露动脉瘤的近侧角。术中采用逆向抽吸法使动脉瘤塌陷，如动脉瘤内含机化血栓，则在临时阻断后切开瘤体，用CUSA和取瘤镊去除瘤内血栓，再将动脉瘤夹闭并达到视神经减压的目的。术中监测脑电图和体感诱发电位，并采用术中超声多普勒检查动脉血流。结果46例动脉瘤直接夹闭，2例海绵窦段动脉瘤行动脉瘤孤立并分别做颞浅动脉-大脑中动脉和大隐静脉移植颈外动脉-大脑中动脉搭桥手术。43例术后行DSA检查，绝大多数动脉瘤夹闭满意。按GOS评分术后良好为41例（85．4％），差为5例，死亡2例。结论充分显露、合理应用临时阻断技术、有效的动脉瘤减压，以及术中应用电生理监测和超声多普勒检查等辅助措施，能够取得动脉瘤的满意夹闭。     

微血管多普勒在脑动脉瘤夹闭术中的应用

目的探讨微血管多普勒（MVD）在脑动脉瘤夹闭术中的应用价值。方法在23例26个脑动脉瘤夹闭前、后，使用MVD对动脉瘤、载瘤动脉和相关穿支动脉检测血流动力学的改变。动脉瘤夹闭后，瘤体内涡流存在时，加强瘤颈的夹闭力，载瘤动脉或穿支动脉血流降低或消失时，改变动脉瘤夹夹闭位置，使载瘤动脉和或穿支动脉的血流恢复至正常。结果所有动脉瘤均检测到涡流或毛刺样血流信号。21个动脉瘤夹闭术后，瘤体内涡流消失，载瘤动脉及其分支血流频谱良好；3个动脉瘤行孤立术后，瘤体内频谱消失，2个巨大动脉瘤行动脉瘤夹闭加清除术。动脉瘤夹闭术中，不完全夹闭2个动脉瘤，4个动脉瘤载瘤动脉血流速度增快，调整动脉瘤夹夹闭位置后，血流速度恢复正常。术后头颅CT示，所有病例无脑梗死。3例眼动脉瘤、2例小脑后下动脉瘤和1例小脑上动脉瘤出院前作DSA检查，动脉瘤消失，载瘤动脉和相关血管无闭塞或狭窄现象。其他病例均作CTA复查，载瘤动脉及周围血管保留良好，动脉瘤消失。结论MVD在动脉瘤夹闭术中是一种安全直接，快速简便和经济有效的监测方法。     

颅内动脉瘤显微夹闭术中临时阻断技术的应用技巧

目的探讨颅内动脉瘤显微夹闭术中载瘤动脉临时阻断技术所致瘤内相关血流动力学变化规律及其应用技巧。方法回顾性分析2014年1月至2018年12月显微夹闭术治疗的55例(55个)颅内动脉瘤的临床资料,总结术中载瘤动脉临时阻断经验。术后24~48 h头颅CT检查临时阻断区有无新发梗死灶作为判断与临时阻断技术相关联的并发症。结果载瘤动脉临时阻断以近端阻断为主,共48例;近、远端同时阻断共7例。术中载瘤动脉阻断时间2~20 min,平均(6.1±2.3)min。持续阻断共43例,间接阻断12例,间接阻断次数2~3次,间隔3~5 min。术后7例出现新发梗死灶,其中后交通动脉动脉瘤3例,大脑中动脉动脉瘤2例,前交通动脉动脉瘤2例。结论颅内动脉瘤显微夹闭术中载瘤动脉临时阻断可造成动脉瘤内明显的血流动力学变化,术后早期继发性梗死灶与临时阻断技术密切相关。     

血管吻合联合颈内动脉闭塞治疗海绵窦段巨大梭形动脉瘤2例

目的总结颈内动脉海绵窦段巨大梭形动脉瘤的的治疗方法。方法2例颈内动脉海绵窦段巨大梭形动脉瘤术前造影均存在交叉循环不良,行Matas试验均不能耐受,故先行颞浅动脉-大脑中动脉吻合术以增加脑供血。1例术后可以耐受颈内动脉阻断,行球囊闭塞颈内动脉治疗;另1例仍不能耐受Matas试验,采用逐渐阻断夹夹闭颈内动脉的方法治疗。结果2例术后症状消失治愈,随访8个月～1.5年生活良好。结论对海绵窦段巨大动脉瘤,可采取间接手术包括阻断动脉瘤近侧段载瘤动脉,促使动脉瘤内血栓形成以闭塞动脉瘤的方法治疗。若术前交叉循环造影示侧支循环不良,可先行颅内-颅外血管吻合以增加侧支供血,再用球囊或手术将载瘤动脉近段闭塞。     

床突旁动脉瘤的手术夹闭治疗

目的探讨床突旁动脉瘤的手术夹闭治疗方法。方法回顾性分析2017年2~10月经直接手术夹闭的11例床突旁动脉瘤患者的临床资料。其中动脉瘤改良Barami分型Ⅰa型2个,Ⅰb型3个,Ⅱ型3个,Ⅲa型2个,Ⅲb型1个。5例患者在复合手术室应用球囊辅助手术夹闭治疗。根据格拉斯哥预后量表(Glasgow outcome scale,GOS)评分评定临床疗效。结果本组患者的11个动脉瘤均术中磨除前床突后,成功夹闭动脉瘤;其中5个动脉瘤行直接夹闭,6个动脉瘤行塑形夹闭。1例患者应用Hyperform球囊临时阻断;4例患者应用Merci双腔球囊导引导管逆行抽吸颈内动脉;其中2例患者抽吸成功,瘤体明显塌陷,2例患者仅瘤壁张力减低。术后即刻DSA或CTA检查示,10个动脉瘤完全闭塞,仅1个动脉瘤瘤颈少许残留。患者术后出现视力下降1例,动眼神经麻痹1例;所有患者均无言语或肢体功能障碍发生。出院时11例患者均预后良好(GOS评分4~5分)。结论床突旁动脉瘤的手术夹闭治疗方法取决于动脉瘤的分型和瘤体大小。改良Barami分型Ⅰ型动脉瘤常采用平行于载瘤动脉直接夹闭,Ⅱ、Ⅲ型动脉瘤则使用跨血管夹塑形夹闭。采用复合手术室球囊辅助逆行抽吸技术,有利于床突旁大型或巨大动脉瘤的手术夹闭。     

一侧翼点入路夹闭两侧脑动脉瘤

两侧脑动脉瘤手术时,首先应该处理破裂的动脉瘤,然后最理想的是在同一术野中夹闭对侧未破裂动脉瘤,这样对患者损伤小。对于脑底动脉环半侧的动脉瘤(颈内动脉、前交通动脉、大脑中动脉和脑底动脉分叉部附近的动脉瘤)加上对侧颈内动脉瘤(颈-眼动脉、颈-后交通动脉、颈-脉络膜前动脉和颈内动脉分叉部动脉瘤等),如果适当选择病例,从一侧翼点入路夹闭对侧颈动脉瘤是可能的。作者报告了2例。一例为右侧大脑中动脉瘤加左侧颈-后交通动脉瘤;另一例为左侧颈-后交通动脉瘤加右侧颈-脉络膜前动脉瘤。这两例均由一侧翼点入路,处理了同侧动脉瘤后,在同一术野中夹闭了对侧动脉瘤的瘤蒂。本文主要探讨手术入路问题并报告了病例。     

脑动脉瘤术中干预性载瘤动脉暂时阻断

目的探讨脑动脉瘤术中载瘤动脉暂时阻断的时机和方式。方法１８例脑动脉瘤患者，术中采用干预性载瘤动脉暂时阻断，阻断时间１８～５５ｍｉｎ，平均２７ｍｉｎ，每间隔８～１２ｍｉｎ原位松开阻断夹１０余秒，以防血栓形成，阻断超过３０ｍｉｎ则开放载瘤动脉３～５ｍｉｎ，１０例复合性控制低血压。结果术后再出血死亡１例，出现脑梗塞１例，其余１６例恢复良好。结论干预性载瘤动脉暂时阻断能明显降低动脉瘤术中成熟破裂的发生率，大部分病人能耐受分离瘤颈，夹闭动脉瘤所需时间的阻断     

Calcified giant aneurysm of the middle cerebral artery

A rare case of calcified giant aneurysm of the middle cerebral artery is presented. This is a 28-year-old female with seizures and right-sided hemiparesis in whom plain scull films and computed tomography revealed a large calcified lesion (measuring 7.5 x 5.5 x 4.5 cm) of the left cerebral hemisphere. The lesion was removed by the pterional transsylvian approach and found to be a calcified giant thrombotic aneurysm of the middle cerebral artery. The CT characteristics of these rare lesions and the success of surgery in this case are briefly discussed.     

Giant fusiform aneurysm with dissection in the middle cerebral artery: a case report]

A rare case of a giant fusiform aneurysm with dissection in the middle cerebral artery is reported. A 37-year-old man was referred to our hospital for severe headache and left retrobulbar pain. MRI and angiography showed a giant aneurysm in the temporal branch(M 2) of the left middle cerebral artery. We supposed that dissection had occurred from a giant fusiform aneurysm in the middle cerebral artery judging from presentation, MRI findings, angiography findings, and operative findings. Giant fusiform aneurysms in the middle cerebral artery(MCA) are uncommon cerebral aneurysms. The surgical approach or endovascular treatment to giant fusiform aneurysms in the MCA is technically difficult, so some patients are treated conservativery. However they have a poor natural history that differs from that of typical saccular aneurysms. And they have character of weakness in the internal elastic lamina, and therefore have the potential to dissect. We suggest that appropriate therapy including conservative therapy and surgical techniques is necessary for giant fusiform aneurysms even if they are found incidentally.     

颅内血管搭桥辅助治疗大脑中动脉远端梭形动脉瘤

目的探讨颅内大脑中动脉远端梭形动脉瘤的手术方法及疗效。方法回顾性分析4例大脑中动脉远端梭形动脉瘤病人的临床资料,其中多发1例,单发3例。巨大血栓性动脉瘤2例,动脉硬化性动脉瘤2例。均采用扩大翼点入路,取颞浅动脉作为移植血管,行动脉瘤远近端动脉和移植血管的端侧或端端吻合。吻合成功后行动脉瘤孤立或切除术。术中体感诱发电位监测以便及时发现术中脑缺血。结果动脉瘤切除2例,孤立2例。影像学复查显示无脑梗死,搭桥血管通畅。术后发生一过性口角抽搐1例,治疗后消失;双侧动眼神经麻痹1例,与手术牵拉有关。随访8～14个月,均恢复,无神经功能障碍。结论颅内动脉搭桥手术难度较大,术前精确评估动脉瘤及其周围血管的情况,制定合理的手术计划,可有效的治疗巨大难治性动脉瘤。     

The role of EC-IC in the treatment of giant intracranial aneurysms

Extracranial to intracranial bypass surgery was used in 27 cases of intracranial giant aneurysm to prevent ischemic complications. In 19 of 21 patients the aneurysm was considered unfit for a direct clipping or ligation, and an EC-IC bypass was done in conjunction with staged clipping of the internal carotid artery or occlusion of the middle cerebral artery. All bypass grafts have remained patent postoperatively. None of the patients have developed ischemic complications in the 6--14 month period of follow-up.     

前循环巨大动脉瘤的手术治疗

目的探讨手术治疗脑前循环巨大动脉瘤的方法，设计个体化治疗方案。方法回顾分析2001年1月至2005年3月间手术治疗的38例脑巨大动脉瘤方法和效果。分别采用：直接夹闭瘤颈12例；动脉瘤切除加脑血管重建5例；动脉瘤孤立术4例；颅内外动脉吻合伴或不伴血管内介入治疗14例；包裹1例；载瘤动脉阻断2例。结果术后恢复优良32例，重度病残4例，死亡2例。结论术前应充分评价脑血流动力学和侧支循环，个性化设计治疗方案，采用不同手术术式可取得良好预后；同时颅内外血管吻合术可有效改善颅内供血，确保动脉瘤的后续治疗；手术和血管内介入治疗的结合是今后巨大型动脉瘤治疗的一个方向。     

3D-CTA对破裂大脑中动脉瘤诊断及手术指导意义

目的探讨3D-CTA对破裂大脑中动脉瘤诊断和手术指导作用。方法我院神经外科从2010年1月-2011年12月经3D-CTA对收住自发性蛛网膜下腔出血病人检查证实的122例颅内动脉瘤,其中18例为大脑中动脉动脉瘤,进行了术前CTA手术模拟。17例行翼点入路开颅显微外科手术,动脉瘤夹闭手术,与术前CTA影像学资料进行了对比。结果术前经3D-CTA诊断不同部位大脑中动脉瘤术中所见完全一致。术中除1例大脑中动脉瘤M2段梭形动脉瘤行包裹术外,其余17例动脉瘤均成功行夹闭手术。术后16例病人恢复良好痊愈出院。1例术前破裂大脑中动脉瘤病人,Hunt-Hess分级V级,术后双侧脑疝死亡。1例病人入院做术前准备时,动脉瘤二次破裂出血,急诊手术,术后病人偏瘫生活不能自理。结论术前单独依靠CTA对不同部位大脑中动脉瘤进行诊断及模拟手术,对破裂大脑中动脉瘤成功手术夹闭具有较好应用价值。     

Giant Serpentine Aneurysm of the Middle Cerebral Artery

Giant serpentine aneurysms are rare and have distinct angiographic findings. The rarity, large size, complex anatomy and hemodynamic characteristics of giant serpentine aneurysms make treatment difficult. We report a case of a giant serpentine aneurysm of the right middle cerebral artery (MCA) that presented as headache. Treatment involved a superficial temporal artery (STA)-MCA bypass followed by aneurysm resection. The patient was discharged without neurological deficits, and early and late follow-up angiography disclosed successful removal of the aneurysm and a patent bypass graft. We conclude that STA-MCA bypass and aneurysm excision is a successful treatment method for a giant serpentine aneurysm.     

The Role of EC-IC in the Treatment of Giant Intracranial Aneurysms

Abstract

Extracranial to intracranial bypass surgery was used in 27 cases of intracranial giant aneurysm to prevent ischemic complications. In 19 of 21 patients the aneurysm was considered unfit for a direct clipping or ligation, and an EC-IC bypass was done in conjunction with staged clipping of the internal carotid artery or occlusion of the middle cerebral artery. All bypass grafts have remained patent postoperatively. None of the patients have developed ischemic complications in the 6-41 month period of follow-up.     

Giant aneurysm treated by bilateral cervical carotid artery to proximal middle cerebral artery bypass and balloon embolisation: a case report

The authors describe a case of a 59 year-old Chinese lady with a history of spontaneous left caroticocavernous fistula in 1988 treated by left internal carotid artery clipping and muscle embolisation. She subsequently presented with a subarachnoid haemorrhage in November 1997 secondary to rupture of an unclippable giant right internal carotid artery aneurysm. This was treated satisfactorily with bilateral cervical carotid artery to proximal middle cerebral artery bypass followed by balloon occlusion. Postoperatively, the patient has no neurological deficit and CT angiogram shows good patency of both grafts 6 months after surgery.