单鼻孔经蝶垂体腺瘤切除术17例

作者自2001年6月至今开展单鼻孔入路经蝶垂体瘤手术17例，现总结如下。     

脑动静脉畸形的处理美国心脏协会/美国卒中协会对医疗卫生专业人员发布的科学声明

背景 本声明旨在复习目前脑动静脉畸形(brain arteriovenous malformations,bAVMs)的临床资料,为破裂或未破裂bAVMs的诊断和治疗提供建议.方法 写作组通过面谈和电话会议的方式确定搜索关键词,讨论描述性文字和制定建议.作者通过PubMed、Medline或Embase完成各自相关章节的文献检索,时间截止到2015年1月底.声明草稿由同行评议专家以及卒中委员会科学监督委员会和卒中委员会领导委员会进行预先审查.结果 本科学声明的重点细分为流行病学、诊断、自然史、治疗方案(包括开颅手术、立体定向放射外科和栓塞治疗的作用)以及破裂和未破裂bAVMs的处理,并且确定了需要更多证据支持的领域.结论 bAVMs是一种相对少见但非常重要的出血性卒中病因,尤其是在年轻成人中.本声明描述了目前关于破裂和未破裂bAVMs的自然史和治疗方法的知识现状,同时提供了处理建议以及对将来研究的提示.     

宋冬雷：中国医生的六大烦恼

第一大烦恼：生活质量太差。我原来是复旦大学附属华山医院神经外科主任医师,体会到三甲医院的多数医生真的很辛苦!医院越大,名气越响,病人就越多,医生在医院里工作没日没夜,     

采用256层CT全脑灌注研究烟雾病术后桥血管再通及手术前后脑血流动力学的变化

目的 研究256层CT全脑灌注同时评价烟雾病术后桥血管再通及手术前后脑血流动力学变化的可行性.方法 选取25例烟雾病患者在手术前后均行全脑CTP检查.容积CTA图像通过CTP动脉期原始图像获得,并与术后的常规CTA图像进行比较.测量患者手术侧及对侧的大脑中动脉分布区的灌注参数,包括脑血流量(CBF)、脑血容量(CBV)、平均通过时间(MMT)和达峰时间(TTP),计算术侧/对侧相对比值(rCBF、rCBV、rTTP及rMTT值).采用配对t检验或配对秩符号检验比较手术前后CT灌注参数值及相对值的差异.正态分布数据以x±s表示,非正态分布数据以M(P25～P75)表示.结果 25例患者术后桥血管均显示通畅.容积CTA图像与传统CTA图像显示桥血管情况的结果一致.烟雾病患者血管搭桥术后手术侧大脑中动脉分布区的CBF[72.86(55.54～112.19)ml·100g-1·min-1]、rCBF[1.31(1.05～1.73)]及rCBV(1.45±0.62)明显高于术前的CBF[46.72(28.57～57.67)ml·100g-1·min-1]、rCBF[0.53(0.33～0.82)]及rCBV(1.01±0.36)(Z值分别为-2.72、-2.98,t=-2.85,P值均＜0.05);术后患侧大脑中动脉分布区的MTT[(3.98±2.36)s]、TTP[(17.56±4.38)s]及rTTP(1.01±0.09)明显低于术前的MTT[(5.43±2.07)s]、TTP[(19.40±3.87)s]及rTTP(1.14±0.28)(t值分别为2.41、2.17、2.17,P值均＜0.05).结论 256层CT经单次注射对比剂、单次扫描可同时获得CTA图像及全脑CTP参数图,可对烟雾病术后桥血管再通情况及脑血流动力学变化同时进行评价.     

Willis覆膜支架与弹簧圈栓塞治疗颅段颈内动脉瘤效果的比较

目的 比较Willis覆膜支架和弹簧圈栓塞治疗颅段颈内动脉瘤的临床效果.方法 89例经皮动脉穿刺行全脑选择性血管造影术证实的颅段颈内动脉瘤患者,根据其意愿分为A组43例,行Willis覆膜支架治疗;B组46例,行弹簧圈治疗.术后3、6、12个月及之后每年1次进行脑血管造影及临床随访,搜集血管造影及临床资料进行分析.对2组患者的手术成功率及并发症发生率进行x2检验,对即刻血管造影结果、手术时间、住院时间进行独立样本t检验.结果 A组患者支架成功置入42例,失败1例;B组46例弹簧圈栓塞均获成功,2组差异无统计学意义(Fisher精确概率法,P=0.999).即刻肭血管造影显示A组34例动脉瘤完全闭塞(81%),B组24例完全闭塞(52%);平均手术时间A组(103±13)min,B组(143±39)min,2组间差异有统计学意义(t=6.20,P＜0.01＝.并发症A组6例,B组8例,2组差异无统计学意义(x2=0.20,P＞0.05).A组41例随访6～41个月,脑血管造影显示39例动脉瘤完全闭塞(95%);B组45例随访7～47个月,22例完全闭塞(49%),2组差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01＝.最后一次随访结果显示,完全康复A组22例、B组27例,2组间差异无统计学意义(x2=0.352,P＞0.05).结论 脑血管造影结果显示Willis覆膜支架置入术治疗颅段动脉瘤的结果优于弹簧圈栓塞术,而临床表现2组无明显差别.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the clinical results of Willis covered stent implantation and coil embolization in the treatment of cranial internal carotid artery (CICA) aneurysm. Methods Eighty-nine patients with CICA aneurysms were selected for treatment with Willis covered stents (n = 43, group A) or coil embolization (n =46, group B) according to the patients'will. Data on the technical success, initial procedure time and in-hospital interval, initial and final angiographic results, mortality, morbidity, and final clinical outcomes were collected and analyzed for the two groups at 6 months post-procedure. Results Endovascular covered stent placement and coil embolization were technically successful in all patients,except for one patient in group A. The initial angiographic results showed complete occlusion in 34 patients of group A (81%, 95% CI: 69%, 93% ) and 24 patients of group B (52%, 95% CI: 37%, 67% ) ( P ＜0. 05). The final angiographic results indicated complete occlusion in 39 patients of group A (39/41,95%,95% CI: 88%, 102% ) and 22 patients of group B (22/45,49%, 95% CI: 34%, 64% ,P ＜0. 01 ). The average procedure time was(103 ± 13)min in group A and (143 + 39) min in group B (P＜0. 01). No significant differences were seen between the two groups in technique success, mortality, morbidity, or final clinical outcomes. Conclusion In this nonrandomized, prospective trial, CICA aneurysm treatment with covered stents yielded midterm angiographic results that were superior to those of coil embolization.     

颅内外血管吻合结合间接血管重建治疗烟雾病

目的 探讨颅内外血管吻合结合间接血管重建治疗烟雾病的疗效.方法 65例烟雾病中,缺血型49例,出血型16例,均接受颞浅动脉-大脑中动脉分支吻合与脑-硬膜-肌肉血管融合术相结合的手术治疗,其中15例行同侧颞浅动脉两个分支吻合,9例行双侧手术.术后采用CTA、TCD、CT灌注成像和DSA评价手术效果.结果 采用该术式后,患者手术侧血流均有立即改善,随访效果好.结论 颞浅动脉-大脑中动脉分支直接吻合术结合脑-硬脑膜-肌肉血管融合术治疗烟雾病效果良好.     

血管内栓塞与手术夹闭治疗前或后交通动脉破裂动脉瘤的效果和成本比较

目的 比较手术夹闭与血管内介入治疗两种术式用于前、后交通动脉动脉瘤治疗的效果和成本,并进行成本效益分析.方法 采用回顾性队列研究分析2002年至2006年期间华山医院收治的接受手术夹闭或介入治疗的前、后交通动脉动脉瘤患者治疗转归和花费等资料.结果 共纳入302例患者,其中手术夹闭组150例[男性65例,年龄(48.11±9.94)岁],介入治疗组152例[男性75例,年龄(52.56±11.09)岁],前组年龄低于后组(t=-3.670,P=0.000).两组患者术前临床情况,如动脉瘤位置、术前Hunt-Hess分级无显著差异.介入治疗组转归良好率显著高于手术夹闭组(84.87%对74.67%,χ2=4.875,P=0.027).手术夹闭组院内病死率(5.33%对3.94%,χ2=0.328,P=0.567)和并发症发生率(26.67%对19.74%,χ2=2.036,P=0.154))与介入治疗组无显著差异,但手术夹闭组术中动脉瘤破裂(10.67%对3.95%,χ2=5.047,P=0.028)和术后颅内感染发生率(6/144对0/152,χ2=6.203,P=0.014)高于介入治疗组.介入治疗组住院日显著短于手术夹闭组[(10.0±7.0)d对(23.0±11.0)d,Z=-10.35,P＜0.001].介入治疗组治疗成本中位数为95 327.63元,四分位间距为26 312.98元;显著高于手术夹闭组(中位数3 0 072.01元,四分位间距11 178.54元)(Z=-14.449,P＜0.001).与手术夹闭相比,介入治疗组mRS评分增高0.10分的成本约为66 438元,手术夹闭更具成本效益.结论 介入治疗前、后交通动脉动脉瘤的效果优于手术夹闭,病死率和总的并发症发生率与手术夹闭相当,住院时间更短,但治疗费用较高,从经济学考虑,手术夹闭更具成本效益.

Abstract：

Objective To compare the efficacy and cost of surgical clipping and endovascular embolization in the treatment of anterior and posterior communicating artery aneurysm and to conduct cost-effectiveness analysis. Methods The data of treatment outcomes and costs in patients with anterior or posterior communicating artery aneurysms admitted to Huashan hospital from 2002 to 2006 were analyzed using a retrospective cohort study. Results A total of 302 patients were included in the study. They were divided into surgical clipping group (n = 150; 65 males, age [48. 11 ±9. 94] years), interventional treatment group (n = 152;75 males, age [52. 56 ± 11. 09] year). The age of the former was lower than that of the latter (t = -3. 670, P =0. 000). There was no significant difference in preoperative clinical conditions (such as location of aneurysms and Hunt-Hess grade) between the two groups. The good outcome rate in the interventional treatment group was significantly higher than that in the surgical clipping group (84. 87% vs. 74. 67%, χ2 = 4. 875, P = 0. 027). There was no significant difference in hospital mortality (5. 33% vs. 3. 94%,χ2 =0. 328, P =0. 567) and complication rate (26.67% vs. 19. 74% , χ2 =2.036, P =0.154) between the surgical clipping group and the interventional treatment group, but the intraoperative aneurysm rupture (10. 67% vs. 3. 95%, χ2 =5.047, P =0.028) and the incidence of postoperative intracranial infection (6/144 vs. 0/152, χ2 = 6.203, P =0.014) in the surgical clipping group were higher than those in the interventional treatment group. The length of hospital stay in the interventional treatment group was significantly shorter than that in the surgical clipping group ([10. 0 ± 7. 0] dvs. [23.0 ± 11. 0] d, Z = -10. 35, P ＜0.001). The median cost of treatment was 95 327.63 %,yuan in the interventional treatment group, and the interquartile range (IQR) was 26 312. 98 yuan; it was significantly higher than the surgical clipping group (median 30 072. 01 yuan, IQR 11 178. 54 yuan) (Z = -14.449, P＜0.001). Compared with the surgical clipping group, while the mRS score improved in the interventional treatment group 0. 10, the cost was about 66 438 yuan, so that the surgical clipping was more cost-effective. Conclusions The efficacy of the intervention treatment of anterior and posterior communicating artery aneurysms is better than that of the surgical clipping The mortality and total complication rate are almost the same with the surgical clipping Thehospital stay is shorter, but the cost of treatment is higher. From an economic point of view, the surgical clipping is more cost-effective.     

非黏附性液体栓塞剂治疗脑动静脉畸形

目的 探讨新型液态栓塞剂Onyx栓塞脑动静脉畸形的技术要点和临床效果。方法 对21例脑动静脉畸形患者采用Seldinger技术在股动脉内置入6F鞘,6F导引导管进入颈内动脉或椎动脉。以Ultraflow微导管超选择进入畸形团内,采用“阻断和前推技术”长时间缓慢注射Onyx栓塞脑动静脉畸形。本组患者中有13例动静脉畸形位于功能区(运动区、语言区、视觉中枢),6例位于大脑半球深部,2例位于小脑半球。畸形团大小为3cm的9例,3～6cm的8例,6cm以上的4例。结果 治疗后脑动静脉畸形的体积缩小程度为20％～100％。初期因使用Onyx经验不足,在拔出微导管时有2例患者发生严重脑出血．行外科手术救治,其余19例患者无严重并发症。结论 Onyx栓塞技术可作为治疗体积较大、位于大脑深部及功能区脑动静脉畸形的重要方法之一,长期疗效有待随访结果的验证。     

血管内栓塞联合手术切除治疗脑动静脉畸形

文章通过分析目前血管内栓塞治疗脑动静脉畸形(AVM)的进展及疗效评价和栓塞治疗给AVM带来的变化,综述了血管内栓塞联合手术切除治疗脑AVM的优点和对AVM治疗方法的选择。     

颞浅动脉-大脑中动脉吻合术结合脑-硬脑膜-肌肉血管融合术治疗烟雾病

目的探讨颞浅动脉-大脑中动脉吻合结合脑-硬膜-肌肉血管融合术治疗烟雾病的临床疗效。方法选择27例烟雾病患者。采用Matsushima(1990)的分型标准,27例患者中6例为第3期,11例为第4期,7例为第5期,3例为第6期;以缺血首发21例,出血首发6例。27例均行颞浅动脉-大脑中动脉分支吻合与脑-硬脑膜-肌肉血管融合术相结合的手术治疗,其中3例行同侧颞浅动脉2个分支吻合,1例行双侧手术。术中采用多普勒超声,术后采用CTA、DSA观察吻合血管通畅情况,并采用TCD、CT灌注评价脑血流改善情况。结果①吻合口通畅情况:27例患者吻合口全部通畅。7例DSA复查显示,与间接手术相关的脑膜动脉和颞中深动脉均与皮质动脉之间形成新生血管吻合。②脑血流改善情况:26例术后1周内复查CT灌注成像,显示吻合侧血流量、血容量及血流峰值时间明显优于对侧。③临床症状改善情况:缺血患者术后TIA未再发作,原有缺血症状改善或消失;6例出血患者随访至今,未再有出血。④并发症:1例Ⅳ型患者术后第3天CT复查显示,距吻合口约3~4cm的前方左侧额叶出现新发小片梗死灶。全部患者未出现由于破坏原有自发血管吻合、颞肌占位效应及过度灌注等并发症。结论颞浅动脉-大脑中动脉分支直接吻合术结合脑-硬脑膜-肌肉血管融合术对脑烟雾病患者具有较好的疗效。