基于局部一致性的重度抑郁症患者脑静息态功能磁共振成像研究

目的 采用脑静息态功能磁共振成像(rs-fMRI)局部一致性(ReHo)方法探讨重度抑郁症(MDD)患者脑区自发性活动特征,评价其与抑郁严重程度的相关性.方法 对24例MDD患者和26例相匹配的康对照组(HC)进行rs-fMRI扫描,分析两组ReHo值,将差异显著的脑区内平均ReHo值与HAMD-17评分进行相关性分析.结果 MDD患者较HC组左侧直回、左侧海马、右侧楔前叶、右侧顶上回、左侧顶下缘角回、右侧楔叶ReHo值显著升高;右背外侧前额叶、右侧后扣带回、左侧枕下回、双侧颞下回、右侧颞上回ReHo值降低(P<0.05,Alphasim矫正).Pearson相关分析显示两组差异脑区左侧海马ReHo值与HAMD-17评分呈正相关(r=0.593,P=0.002),右侧后扣带回ReHo值与HAMD-17评分呈负相关(r=-0.431,P=0.035).结论 MDD患者静息态下脑功能损害主要集中于边缘系统及默认网络等多个脑区,且左侧海马与右侧后扣带回局部脑区自发活动的时间同步性与抑郁严重程度存在相关性.ReHo分析可作为抑郁症严重程度评价的潜在生物学标记.     

抑郁症脑网络的静息态功能磁共振分析

目的 分析抑郁症患者脑网络的静息态功能磁共振(rs-fMRI)特征,并评价其与抑郁严重程度的相关性。方法 选取在我院心理门诊治疗的抑郁症患者25例作为研究组,同期健康志愿者25例作为对照组,均进行rs-fMRI扫描。并采用Pearson分析有统计学意义的脑区内平均ReHo值与汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD-17)评分的相关性。结果 研究组左侧海马、左侧直回、左侧顶下缘角回、右侧楔前叶、右侧顶上回、右侧楔叶的ReHo值明显高于对照组的ReHo值(P0.05);研究组左侧枕下回、左侧颞下回、右侧颞上回、右侧颞下回、右侧背外侧前额叶、右侧后扣带回的ReHo值明显低于对照组的ReHo值(P0.05)。经相关性分析,抑郁症患者的HAMD-17评分与左侧海马的ReHo值呈正相关(P0.001),抑郁症患者的HAMD-17评分与右侧后扣带回的ReHo值呈负相关(P0.05)。结论 抑郁症患者静息态下脑功能损伤主要集中在默认网络和边缘系统等,且左侧海马、右侧后扣带回局部脑区连接强度变化与抑郁症严重程度具有相关性,Re Ho可辅助评价抑郁症严重程度。     

多系统萎缩患者静息态下脑活动的局部一致性

目的：采用静息态功能磁共振（resting state functional magnetic resonance image, rs-fMRI）方法探讨不同亚型多系统萎缩（multiple system atrophy, MSA）患者脑局部一致性（regional homogeneity, ReHo）的变化及其与临床症状严重程度的相关性。方法：对48例MSA患者（MSA-C型28例及MSA-P型20例）和27例健康对照进行rs-fMRI扫描,比较3组间ReHo的差异,采用简易精神状态量表（MMSE）、蒙特利尔认知评估量表（MoCA）、统一的MSA评分量表（UMSARS）等评估临床症状,并分析MSA患者ReHo值与临床症状严重程度之间的关系。结果：①相对于对照组,MSA-C组双侧楔前叶、左侧海马、左侧枕中回、小脑蚓部Ⅴ～Ⅵ ReHo增高,左侧小脑前/后叶ReHo减低;MSA-P组双侧丘脑、左侧尾状核、脑干、小脑蚓部Ⅴ ReHo增高,左侧小脑前/后叶ReHo减低;相对于MSA-P组,MSA-C组左侧楔前叶、左侧海马、左侧颞中回ReHo增高,右侧枕中回ReHo减低。②MSA-C组双侧楔前叶与MoCA评分呈负相关,MSA-P组双侧丘脑与UMSARS-Ⅱ评分呈正相关。结论：静息态下MSA患者存在局部脑区的神经元活动一致性异常,这些脑区异常可能与MSA的病理机制有关。     

静息态功能磁共振研究未治疗首次发作重症抑郁症患者默认网络功能连接

目的 探讨静息态功能磁共振（rs-fMRI）技术和种子点功能连接的方法对未治疗首次发作重症抑郁症(MDD)患者默认网络(DMN)的功能连接改变。方法 选取2016年6月～2018年1月重庆医科大学附属第一医院收治的16例MDD患者为观察组,并同时选取19例年龄、性别和受教育年限相匹配的健康志愿者为照组,均行rs-fMRI扫描,运用基于种子点的功能连接方法,提取脑DMN相关脑区,选择功能连接显著差异脑区(P＜0.01)作为感兴趣区（ROI）,并行ROI脑区功能连接强度与其汉密尔顿抑郁量表评分及发作时间做直线相关分析。结果 观察组DMN相关的脑区分布于双侧楔前叶、左侧内侧和旁扣带回、右侧内侧额上回、左侧背外侧额上回、右侧额中回、右侧颞上回;而对照组DMN相关的脑区分布于双侧楔前叶、右侧角回、双侧额中回、双侧颞中回;与对照组相比,观察组DMN在左内侧额上回脑区功能连接强度值显著减低(P＜0.01)。观察组左内侧额上回功能连接强度值与其汉密尔顿抑郁量表评分(r=0.084,P=0.756)、发作持续时间(r= 0.116,P=0.670)不相关。结论 未治疗首次发作重症抑郁症患者存在默认网络功能连接异常,但未发现其与患者抑郁严重程度和发作持续时间有相关性。     

不同亚型注意缺陷多动障碍儿童静息态的脑功能磁共振研究

目的:探讨不同亚型注意缺陷多动障碍(attention deficit hyperactivity disorder,ADHD)患者静息态脑功能磁共振的特点.方法:对符合DSM-Ⅳ诊断标准的6名混合型(ADHD-C)、9名注意缺陷型(ADHD-I)ADHD患者及15名正常对照进行静息态的功能磁共振扫描,采用局部一致性(regional homogeneity,ReHo)作为测量指标,探讨ADHD两种亚型之间以及ADHD与正常对照之间脑功能的差异.结果:经多重比较校正发现,三组的ReHo值在双侧额叶、右楔叶及右侧颞下回的差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);与正常对照相比,ADHD-C左侧额叶及右侧颞下回的ReHo值降低,ADHD-I双侧额叶、双侧颞叶、右侧小脑的ReHo值降低,双侧枕叶及右侧顶下叶的ReHo值增高;两组ADHD患者之间的静息态脑功能未见明显差异.结论:与正常对照相比,ADHD患者的基线状态脑功能存在异常;两种亚型ADHD患者之间的基线状态脑功能无明显区别.     

高血压对阿尔茨海默病患者脑结构和功能影响的MRI研究

目的 探讨高血压对阿尔茨海默病(AD)患者脑结构和功能的影响.方法 收集高血压和正常血压AD患者各20例,均行常规MRI、3DT1WI和静息态功能磁共振(rs-fMRI)扫描,采用基于体素的形态学分析(VBM)、低频振幅(ALFF)和局部一致性(ReHo)对两组数据进行对比分析.结果 与正常血压组患者比较,高血压组灰质体积(GM V)显著减少的脑区位于双侧背外侧前额叶、后扣带回/楔前叶、顶下小叶和眶回(P<0.05);高血压组ALFF显著减低的脑区位于双侧背外侧前额叶、后扣带回/楔前叶、顶下小叶和右侧颞上回、岛叶,增高的脑区位于右侧海马、海马旁回、岛叶和双侧前扣带回(P<0.05);高血压组ReHo显著减低的脑区位于左侧背外侧前额叶、内侧前额叶、顶下小叶、双侧后扣带回/楔前叶和右侧岛叶,增高的脑区位于左侧颞上回、右侧海马、双侧海马旁回和前扣带回(P<0.05).结论 高血压对 AD脑结构和功能影响主要表现在背外侧前额叶、后扣带回/楔前叶和顶下小叶脑质萎缩和自发神经元活动异常.     

遗忘型轻度认知功能障碍患者齿状核静息态功能连接改变及其与认知功能的相关性

目的: 探讨遗忘型轻度认知功能障碍(amnestic mild cognitive impairment,aMCI)患者齿状核静息态功能连接改变及其与认知功能的相关性。方法： 选取34例aMCI患者作为观察组,另选取34例同期健康老年人作为对照组。应用静息态功能磁共振成像(rs-fMRI)技术采集数据,比较两组双侧齿状核与全脑其他脑区功能连接差异;采用偏相关分析aMCI患者功能连接改变与临床量表评分及生物标志物之间的相关性。结果： 与对照组相比,观察组左侧齿状核与左侧颞叶及右侧丘脑,右侧齿状核与左颞上回以及右侧小脑后叶连接增强(AlphaSim矫正,P<0.05,体素数>100)。简易精神状态评分(MMSE)及言语流畅性评分(VFT)与aMCI患者左侧齿状核和右侧丘脑之间的功能连接值呈正相关(r=0.399,P=0.026;r=0.383,P=0.025);右侧齿状核和左侧颞上回之间的功能连接值与听觉词语学习测验再认评分呈负相关(r=-0.552,P=0.001),与磷酸化tau蛋白呈正相关(r=0.357,P=0.045)。结论： aMCI患者出现特定小脑皮层功能连接增强现象,且与认知功能量表评分及生物标志物相关。     

静息态功能MRI诊断原发性失眠患者并认知障碍的价值探讨

目的 探讨静息态功能磁共振成像(MRI)诊断原发性失眠患者并认知障碍的价值。方法 选取本院2020年6月至2022年3月收治的102例原发性失眠患者作为研究对象。所有患者均行静息态功能MRI检查,并根据所得图像计算患者全脑静息态的ReHo值。采用蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA)评估患者认知功能,并根据评分结果将其分为认知障碍组与非认知障碍组。比较两组患者全脑静息态的ReHo值,并分析静息态功能MRI对原发性失眠患者并认知障碍的诊断价值。结果 102例原发性失眠患者中有36例并发认知障碍,发生率为35.29%;认知障碍组左侧海马旁回、左侧颞中回、左侧颞下回、右侧颞下回、右侧额下回、右侧后扣带回ReHo值均高于非认知障碍组(P<0.05);左侧角回、左侧顶上小叶、左侧颞上回、左侧额下回,右侧梭状回、右侧颞上回、右侧前扣带回ReHo值均低于非认知障碍组(P<0.05);以MoCA量表评分结果为金标准,静息态功能MRI检查诊断原发性失眠患者并认知障碍灵敏度、特异度、准确度和约登指数分别为88.89%、84.85%、86.27%和0.737。结论 静息态功能MRI对原发性失眠患者并认...     

长沙版蒙特利尔认知评估量表在老年轻度认知障碍筛查中的应用

目的 探讨长沙版蒙特利尔认知评估量表（montreal cognitive assessment,MoCA）筛查老年轻度认知障碍（mild cognitive impairment,MCI）的可行性及其截断值.方法 选取225例临床诊断为MCI患者及213例认知功能正常患者,采用长沙版MoCA及简易智力状态量表（mini mental state examination,MMSE）评估其认知功能,对两种量表进行关联性分析并初步探讨长沙版MoCA的截断值.结果 MCI组长沙版MoCA总评分及MMSE总评分[（18.72±2.19）vs（21.52±2.00）,P＜0.01]均低于认知功能正常组[（23.60±1.64）vs（24.22±1.77）],差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）;长沙版MoCA总评分与MMSE总评分具有相关性（r=0.77,P＜0.01）;长沙版MoCA诊断老年MCI最佳截断值分为22分,此时其敏感度和特异度分别为93％和94％.结论 长沙版MoCA对老年MCI具有较高的筛查价值,其最佳截断值为22分.     

镜像同伦功能连接在轻度认知障碍脑功能检查中的应用

目的：利用静息态功能磁共振成像（rs-fMRI）基于体素的镜像同伦连接（VMHC）及基于种子的功能连接（FC）的方法探讨轻度认知障碍（MCI）患者脑网络异常改变。方法：收集MCI患者29 例纳入MCI组，收集性别、年龄和文化程度匹配的健康对照者29 例纳入HC组。两组受试对象均接受相关精神量表分析及3.0T磁共振扫描。利用VMHC方法分析两组受试对象全脑镜像同伦连接差异，采用独立样本t 检验比较两组VMHC值差异，然后以VMHC差异脑区作为种子分析其与全脑功能连接差异。结果：MCI组双侧颞上回VMHC值较HC组增加（差异体素41个，t =4.264，P ＜0.05），MCI组左侧颞上回与右侧梭状回、左侧额中回、右侧额中回的功能连接较HC组增强（P ＜0.05），右侧颞上回与左侧梭状回、左侧颞中回、右侧额下回、左侧楔叶、左侧枕中回的功能连接增强（P ＜0.05）。结论：MCI患者静息状态下双侧颞上回镜像同伦功能连接增强，提示MCI可能存在感觉语言中枢损害并伴有对侧中枢代偿性功能增强。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

Luo Lingjie's Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Dr.Zhang Ren's Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.