光学相干断层成像在冠脉介入诊疗领域应用的进展

光学相干断层成像(OCT)的最重要特点就是其有高分辨率,约为10~15μm,可以对生物组织内部的微观结构进行高分辨率横断面层析成像。自2000年OCT首次应用于冠状动脉病变的检测以来,已在冠脉介入诊疗领域逐渐得到普及,成为血管内检测、冠脉疾病诊断及指导治疗的主要手段。     

血管内超声预测药物球囊致冠状动脉夹层的影响因素

目的:探究在血管内超声(intravascular ultrasound, IVUS)辅助下药物涂层球囊(drug-coated balloon, DCB)处理冠状动脉(冠脉)原位病变出现冠脉夹层的影响因素。方法:收集2020年1月—2021年6月于郑州大学第一附属医院在IVUS辅助下DCB处理冠脉原位病变患者的临床资料及影像资料进行回顾性分析。根据IVUS下是否观察到冠脉夹层,分为夹层组和无夹层组,使用logistic回归分析夹层的影响因素。结果:共纳入患者99例,其中夹层组较非夹层组有更长的药物球囊长度(30.33 mm vs 22.17 mm,P<0.05),更大的预扩球囊直径/IVUS下病变部位直径(0.92 vs 0.81,P<0.05)和药物球囊直径/IVUS下病变部位直径(0.95 vs 0.88,P<0.05),更低的左心室射血分数(58.23%vs 62.15%,P<0.05),更小的管腔面积(2.74 mm² vs 3.61 mm²,P<0.05)和平均管腔中膜面积(11.53 mm^...     

药物涂层球囊在冠状动脉原位大血管病变中的应用效果评价

目的评价药物涂层球囊在冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(冠心病)患者冠状动脉(冠脉)原位大血管病变中应用的临床效果。方法回顾性分析2015年10月至2018年4月期间于北京大学首钢医院心内科住院的冠心病患者,冠脉造影检查存在冠脉原位病变,并行药物涂层球囊治疗的患者共184例,按照患者冠脉病变参考血管直径分为两组:大血管组(n=54,2.75 mm0.05)。大血管组和小血管组患者冠脉病变治疗前最小管腔直径分别为(1.07±0.47)mm及(0.78±0.39)mm,P<0.01;治疗后血管直径分别为(3.08±0.24)mm、(2.29±0.32)mm,P<0.01;即刻获得管腔直径分别为(2.02±0.52)mm、(1.51±0.42)mm,P<0.01;复查造影时最小管腔直径分别为(3.00±0.41)mm、(2.23±0.37)mm,P<0.01,晚期管腔丢失分别为0.06(0.03,0.10)mm、0.04(0.01,0.11)mm,P=0.94;两组患者随访6个月时大血管组不稳定性心绞痛1例,死亡1例,小血管组无MACE发生,两组患者MACE事件发生率无统计学差异(P<0.05)。结论大血管组与小血管组冠脉病变晚期管腔丢失及6月随访MACE事件相似,药物涂层球囊可在冠脉原位大血管病变中进一步探索性应用。     

药物洗脱球囊在冠状动脉介入中的应用

药物涂层球囊作为新的介入手段及理念,在改进支架缺陷的期望中迈入临床医师的眼光。相关临床试验自2004年开展至今,结论是在治疗冠状动脉(冠脉)原发病变上,介入手段更倾向于药物涂层球囊与洗脱支架的联合应用,与洗脱支架相比无显著优势;在小冠脉和冠脉分叉病变的治疗领域中,药物涂层球囊的表现逊于药物洗脱支架。但随着药物涂层球囊制作技术和基础理念的日益完善与更新,其前景仍属未知。该文对相关冠脉领域内的基础研究和临床试验,对药物涂层球囊的研发进展进行综述。     

反复支架内再狭窄的光学相干断层成像病变特征分析

目的:通过光学相干断层成像(OCT)对支架内再狭窄(ISR)患者病变特征进行分析,明确反复支架内再狭窄(R-ISR)及非R-ISR病变发生机制的异同,为进一步指导并优化ISR治疗提供依据.方法:回顾性入选2016年1月至2019年12月于中国医学科学院阜外医院行OCT检查的药物洗脱支架(DES)置入术后ISR患者52例...     

信息动态

冠状动脉(冠脉)分叉病变的经皮冠脉介入(percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI)治疗操作复杂,易导致发生边支丢失和增加围术期心肌梗死发生率,且术后靶血管重建比例较高,故分叉病变一直是PCI治疗领域最具挑战性的病变类型之一.本文就分叉病变PCI治疗中边支受累机制和分叉病变PCI治疗中边支保护策略做一综述,旨在探讨拘禁闭陷球囊技术在其中的应用及推广.     

光学相干断层成像技术在急性冠脉综合征的应用和展望

光学相干断层成像技术(OCT)因其在冠脉腔内影像病变评估中有着高分辨率、高敏感性等特点被广泛应用于急性冠脉综合征的诊断和治疗指导,然而目前国内研究才刚起步。本文旨在从OCT在急性冠脉综合征中的应用和展望进行综述。     

冠状动脉旋磨术联合药物涂层球囊治疗冠状动脉严重钙化病变的疗效

目的:探索冠状动脉(冠脉)旋磨术(RA)联合药物涂层球囊(DCB)治疗严重冠脉钙化病变的疗效。方法:连续入选2018年5月—2021年7月就诊于郑州大学第一附属医院因冠脉严重钙化行RA的患者318例，根据不同治疗方案分为RA/DCB组(57例)和RA/药物洗脱支架(DES)组(261例)。比较两组一般临床资料、冠脉病变特征、术中并发症、院内不良事件、随访期间主要心脑血管不良事件(MACCE)发生率。结果:两组基线临床资料、术中并发症、院内不良事件均差异无统计学意义。RA/DES组较多合并左主干病变、分叉病变、弥漫性病变等复杂解剖类型(均P<0.05)。随访期间RA/DES组MACCE(18.77%vs.12.28%)及靶病变血运重建(13.79%vs.7.02%)发生率较RA/DCB组升高，但差异无统计学意义。多因素Cox回归分析显示，分叉病变(HR=2.284,95%CI:1.063～4.908,P=0.034)、植入物总长度(HR=1.023,95%CI:1.005～1.047,P=0.014)、SNYTAX评分(HR:1.047,95%CI:1.013～1.082,P=0....     

应用光学相干断层成像评估糖尿病对冠心病冠脉病变及斑块的研究

目的:应用光学相干断层成像技术(OCT)研究2型糖尿病对冠心病冠脉病变及斑块稳定性的影响。方法:选择200例确诊为不稳定型心绞痛的患者,根据是否伴发糖尿病分为:正常血糖组(98例)和伴发2型糖尿病组(T2DM组,102例)。应用冠状动脉造影检查(CAG)及OCT,评价冠脉病变的程度,斑块的性质及测量斑块纤维帽的厚度以明确斑块的稳定性。结果:与正常血糖组比较,T2DM组多支病变(48.98%比78.43%)、重度狭窄病变(20.57%比40.21%)、脂质斑块(25.00%比39.84%)及纤维帽厚度<65μm(25.93%比45.24%)的患者比例明显增多(P<0.05或<0.01)。结论:冠心病不稳定型心绞痛患者伴发2型糖尿病时其病变冠脉更严重,多支病变和不稳定斑块的比例更高。     

药物涂层球囊治疗糖尿病患者冠状动脉大血管原位病变的疗效与安全性分析

目的:比较药物涂层球囊(DCB)与药物洗脱支架(DES)在糖尿病患者冠状动脉(冠脉)大血管原位病变的应用效果。方法:回顾性分析郑州大学第五附属医院心血管内科2019年10月—2020年10月收治糖尿病伴冠状动脉大血管病变患者122例,按手术方式分为DCB组和DES组。术前、术后即刻及术后6个月分别进行选择性定量冠脉造影,观察两组患者靶病变最小管腔直径、管腔残余狭窄率、管腔增加及晚期管腔丢失等指标。术后随访两组6个月的靶病变血运重建率、主要不良心血管事件(MACE)及出血事件。结果:术后即刻靶血管最小管腔直径、管腔残余狭窄率及管腔即刻获得,DES组分别为(3.26±0.35) mm、(2.8±1.4)%、(2.64±0.22) mm, DCB组分别为(2.82±0.22) mm、(14.5±5.0)%、(2.21±0.26) mm,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。DCB组靶血管晚期管腔丢失小于DES组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。随访期间,DCB组靶病变血运重建率及MACE发生率分别为3.4%、3.5%,DES组靶病变血运重建率及MACE发生率分别为6.0%、9....     

光学相干断层成像指导下冠状动脉旋磨成形术联合药物洗脱支架治疗严重钙化病变临床观察

目的评价光学相干断层成像（OCT）指导下经皮冠状动脉旋磨成形术联合药物洗脱支架（DES）治疗严重钙化病变的疗效。方法 13例冠状动脉严重钙化患者在OCT指导下行冠状动脉旋磨成形术及支架置入术,评价病变特点及手术即刻成功率、术后管腔直径、有效管腔面积变化。结果 13例入选患者三支病变7例（53.8%）,双支病变5例（38.5%）,单支病变1例（7.7%）。OCT图像分析显示钙化病变长度为（24.7±15.2）mm,钙化病变弧度为（236.7±46.3）度。靶病变管腔直径由术前（1.96±0.57）mm增加至术后（3.12±0.34）mm,有效管腔面积由术前（3.37±1.62）mm2增加至术后（7.24±2.76）mm2,差异均有统计学意义。支架贴壁不良10例（76.9%）。手术即刻成功率为100%。结论应用OCT指导冠状动脉旋磨成形术联合DES置入治疗严重钙化病变安全有效。     

Optical coherence tomography in the diagnosis and treatment of spontaneous coronary artery dissection

The diagnosis of spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is not always readily apparent on coronary angiography. Even if the diagnosis is suspected, angiography often conveys limited information about the underlying pathology, much of which is crucial for successful percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Due to the dissection flap and the resultant double lumen, SCAD poses unique challenges for PCI, specifically in securing wire access to the true lumen without propagation of the dissection. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a wire-based intravascular imaging modality with a high resolution of 10-20 μm. We present a case demonstrating the use of OCT in emergency PCI of SCAD, where OCT was integral not only to the diagnosis of SCAD, but also to successful PCI of the condition. It is a valuable aid to PCI in cases where there is uncertainty regarding the precise guidewire location, proving its use in the cardiac catheterization laboratory beyond that of merely a diagnostic tool.     

光学干涉断层成像系统对冠心病病变特征的评价

目的:初步探讨光学干涉断层成像(OCT)系统评价冠心病病变特征的价值。方法:分析在2005年12月行冠状动脉造影检查的同时接受OCT检查的5例冠心病患者的OCT影像特征。结果:2例不稳定型心绞痛患者中,1例右冠状动脉中段成角病变狭窄99%,OCT清晰显示血栓、钙化、纤维帽厚度及脂质斑块,介入治疗后OCT检查示支架贴壁良好,血栓消失;1例前降支狭窄50%,OCT探测到清晰的附壁血栓、最薄处纤维帽及斑块破裂。3例介入治疗后患者中,1例回旋支中远段支架内狭窄75%、2例前降支支架内狭窄50%,OCT检查精确定量再狭窄程度63.33%~87.25%,增生基质主要为纤维样组织,可见少许脂质样基质,其中回旋支支架内狭窄患者OCT检查时发生支架远段冠状动脉夹层,行回旋支远段支架置入术治疗。结论:OCT系统在评价冠心病病变特征和介入治疗结果方面具有较好的应用价值。     

Impact of Intracoronary Optical Coherence Tomography in Routine Clinical Practice: A Contemporary Cohort Study

Background/purposeGuidelines recommend intracoronary optical coherence tomography (OCT) to assess stent failure and guide percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) but OCT may be useful for other indications in routine clinical practice.Methods/materialsWe conducted an international registry of OCT cases at two large tertiary care centers to assess clinical indications and the potential impact on decision making of OCT in clinical routine. Clinical indications, OCT findings, and their impact on interventional or medical treatment strategy were retrospectively assessed.ResultsOCT was performed in 810 coronary angiography cases (1928 OCT-pullbacks). OCT was used for diagnostic purposes in 67% (N = 542) and OCT-guided percutaneous coronary intervention in 50% (N = 404, 136 cases with prior diagnostic indication). Most frequent indications for diagnostic OCT were culprit lesion identification in suspected ACS (29%) and stent failure assessment (28%). OCT findings in the diagnostic setting influenced patient management in 74%. OCT-guided PCIs concerned ACS patients in 45%. Among the 55% with chronic coronary syndrome, long lesions >28 mm (19%), left main PCI (16%), and bifurcation PCI with side-branch-stenting (5%) were the leading indications for PCI-guidance. Post-procedural OCT findings led to corrective measures in 52% (26% malapposition, 14% underexpansion, 6% edge dissection, 3% intrastent mass, 3% geographic plaque miss).ConclusionsOCT was most frequently performed to identify culprit lesions in suspected ACS, for stent failure assessment, and PCI-guidance. OCT may impact subsequent treatment strategies in two out of three patients.     

Post-stenting angiographically silent coronary dissection: OCT comes to the rescue

Stent edge dissection is one of the procedural complications concerning percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). We present a clinical case of multi-vessel PCI where the patient had to return with recurring symptoms within two weeks of a seemingly successful PCI, only to teach us a valuable lesson in the more frequent and judicious use of intracoronary imaging.Key words: coronary artery dissection, drug-eluting stent, optical coherence tomography (OCT)     

Coronary bifurcation bench test using multimodality imaging: Impact of stent strut link location on stent deformity and jailed side‐branch orifices during re‐proximal optimizing technique

Conservative management is the first‐line treatment for spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) with stable haemodynamic status and thrombolysis in myocardial infarction three flow on angiography. However, in a few very specific patients, recurrent ischemia, or haemodynamic instability necessitates revascularization. Here, we describe a case of successful optical coherence tomography (OCT)‐guided percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with a cutting balloon. We performed fenestration at multiple decompression sites prior to stenting in an intramural haematoma with luminal compression. Rescue management of SCAD with luminal compression is a critical issue, because SCAD is an emergent clinical condition affecting young patients with a severe prognosis. To our knowledge, there are no large published series evaluating procedural success rates and long‐term follow‐up of this technique.     

Comparison of usefulness of percutaneous coronary intervention guided by angiography plus computed tomography versus angiography alone using intravascular ultrasound end points

The aim of our study was to assess the impact of coronary computed tomographic angiographic (CTCA) guidance on outcomes of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The study was a randomized single-center trial. Consecutive eligible patients with CTCA-detected significant coronary lesions who were scheduled for PCI were randomized to an angiographically guided versus an angiographically plus computed tomographically guided (ACTG) group. In the ACTG group the operator preliminarily planned PCI based on computed tomographic angiogram. The coprimary end points were minimal stent area and minimal reference lumen area assessed in all patients with intravascular ultrasound performed after achieving optimal angiographic results. Seventy-one patients (50 men, mean age 65 ± 8 years) were randomized. After invasive angiography, PCI of 32 lesions (30 patients) in the ACTG and in 32 lesions (30 patients) in the angiographically guided group was performed. A stented segment length was longer and nominal stent diameter tended to be larger in the ACTG group (23.8 ± 6.7 vs 19.5 ± 6.5 mm, p = 0.01; 3.27 ± 0.44 vs 3.09 ± 0.41 mm(2), p = 0.110). Minimal stent area tended to be larger (6.62 ± 2.01 vs 5.80 ± 2.02 mm(2), p = 0.100) and the smallest peri-stent reference lumen area was significantly larger in the ACTG group (6.76 ± 3.01 vs 5.0 ± 1.62 mm(2), p = 0.006) with a smaller plaque burden (50 ± 16% vs 58 ± 13%, p = 0.025). In conclusion, CTCA analysis before PCI significantly influences treatment strategy and results in better lesion coverage as defined by intravascular criteria.     

自发性冠状动脉夹层的临床及影像学分析

目的 分析自发性冠状动脉夹层（SCAD）的临床、影像学特点及治疗情况。 方法 回顾性分析11例SCAD患者的临床特点、造影及其他腔内影像学资料、治疗方法及预后。 结果 11例SCAD患者均为女性,冠状动脉造影可见冠状动脉呈“鼠尾样”改变,血管内超声（IVUS）或光学干涉断层成像（OCT）可确诊,其中3人行PCI手术,1人在IVUS引导下进行,手术顺利,另外2人术中植入支架时血肿扩散至血管急性闭塞,其余8人药物保守治疗,11人预后均较好,一年随访无复发。 结论 SCAD好发于中年女性,预后较好,腔内影像引导可增加PCI手术成功率。     

光学相干断层成像在老年冠心病介入诊疗中的初步应用

目的探讨血管内光学相干断层成像（OCT）在老年冠心病介入诊疗中的作用和安全性，评价其临床价值。方法9例老年冠心病患者，行冠脉造影和OCT检查，比较二者对冠状动脉病变的显示情况：包括病变结构、管腔狭窄程度、斑块性质等，根据造影及OCT结果参照病人临床表现对于狭窄较重（造影直径狭窄率〉70％），或造影中等程度狭窄（直径狭窄率介于50％～70％），但OCT狭窄相对较重（OCT管腔面积狭窄率〉60％）并伴有不稳定斑块的病变进行球囊扩张和支架植入治疗，并用OCT评价支架植入后的即时效果。结果与冠脉造影相比，血管内OCT能直观、清晰、实时地显示病变冠脉的管腔狭窄程度、微观组织结构、斑块组成性质及支架植入后靶病变血管及支架的形态特征。结论OCT在老年冠心病患者中的操作安全易行，能够精确测量病变血管狭窄程度、清晰观测管腔微观结构特征，明确斑块特征，指导支架植入及观测支架植入后的即刻效果，对老年冠心病人介入治疗具有指导作用。     

Outcomes of Intravascular Imaging in Orbital Atherectomy; Insight From the National Readmissions Database

The impact of intravascular imaging guidance [intravascular ultrasound (IVUS)/optical coherence tomography (OCT)] on clinical outcomes in patients undergoing orbital atherectomy (OA) and percutaneous intervention (PCI) are not well characterized. The Nationwide Readmissions Database (NRD) from 2015 to 2019 was used to select all cases of OA. The adjusted odds ratios (aOR) of in-hospital, 30-day, and 180-day hospitalization outcomes between patients who underwent PCI with OA vs without intravascular imaging were calculated using a propensity-matched analysis. A total of 15,681 patients undergoing PCI after OA (12,649 with no-imaging, 3032 with imaging) were identified. Due to a significant difference in the baseline characteristics, a matched sample of 3008 in the no-imaging group and 3032 in the imaging group was selected. On adjusted analysis, the odds of all-cause in-hospital mortality (aOR 0.68, 95% CI 0.54-0.86) were significantly lower in patients undergoing IVUS/OCT guided OA and PCI compared with those having PCI without imaging. There was no difference in the rate of in-hospital stroke (aOR 0.86, 95% CI 0.51-1.45) and major bleeding (aOR 0.87, 95% CI 0.65-1.16) between the two groups. There was no significant difference in the 30- and 180-day odds of readmission, major bleeding, coronary dissection, pericardial effusion, and AKI between the two groups. IVUS and OCT use during PCI with OA for patients with calcified coronary artery disease appear to be associated with reduced in-hospital mortality at index admission. Prospective trials are necessary to determine the long-term benefits of imaging with PCI.