APP/PS1双转基因老年性痴呆小鼠早期病理和认知行为变化

【目的】探讨APP/PS1双转基因老年性痴呆(Alzheimer’s disease,AD)模型小鼠早期病理和行为学变化。【方法】选取5、7月龄的APP/PS1双转基因小鼠和非转基因小鼠,采用刚果红染色法和定量方法,并结合Morris水迷宫行为学测试,对其脑内淀粉样斑块积聚与学习记忆能力的月龄变化关系进行研究。【结果】(1)7月龄的双转基因组小鼠的空间辨别学习记忆能力与非转基因组小鼠比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);(2)APP/PS1双转基因组小鼠在5、7月龄时海马与脑皮质均观察到明显的橘红色斑块沉积,但非转基因组小鼠海马及脑皮质均未观察到淀粉样斑块沉积。【结论】7月龄APP/PS1双转基因小鼠的学习记忆能力下降,APP/PS1双转基因小鼠大脑皮层和海马部位淀粉样斑块的早期出现随年龄依赖性增加。     

APP/PS1 转基因小鼠的甲状腺功能变化

 目的观察APP/PS1转基因小鼠甲状腺功能的动态变化并探讨AD与甲状腺功能的关系。方法6 月龄雌性APP/PS1
转基因鼠（ n=9）和野生型小鼠（ n=9）自由摄食和饮水,2 组小鼠分别于9,12,18 月龄时各取3 只处死,应用ELISA方法检测血
清TSH 和甲状腺激素（TT3、TT4、FT3、rT3）。结果（1）APP/PS1转基因小鼠与野生型小鼠相比血清TT3、FT3 水平均有降低,但
9 月龄时差异不显著（ P> 0.05）,12 月龄时差异显著（ P< 0.05）,18 月龄时差异更为显著（ P< 0.01）（2）APP/PS1转基因小鼠与
野生型小鼠相比血清TT4、rT3 均升高,但9月龄时差异不显著（ P> 0.05）,12 月龄时差异显著（ P< 0.05）,18 月龄时差异更加显
著（ P< 0.01）（3）各年龄段APP/PS1 转基因小鼠血清TSH 水平较野生型小鼠虽有所降低,但无统计学意义（ P> 0.05）。结论
APP/PS1 转基因小鼠在生长过程中伴随着甲状腺功能的改变,且逐渐加重。     

多奈哌齐未能改善APP/PS1-AD转基因小鼠学习记忆功能的机制研究

目的探索多奈哌齐未能改善APP/PS1-AD转基因小鼠学习记忆功能的机制。方法选用9月龄野生型及APP/PS1-AD转基因小鼠分成野生型小鼠对照组、转基因小鼠对照组、转基因小鼠多奈哌齐1mg/kg组、转基因小鼠多奈哌齐3mg/kg组和转基因小鼠多奈哌齐6mg/kg组,每组20只,连续给药12周后实验动物心脏取血和分离其大脑皮层及海马组织,检测脑组织乙酰胆碱酯酶活性及茁-淀粉样蛋白（A茁）42含量,测定小鼠脑组织金属离子含量,采用免疫荧光法检测脑内A茁42淀粉样斑块沉积现象。结果多奈哌齐可显著降低APP/PS1-AD转基因小鼠大脑皮层组织的乙酰胆碱酯酶活性（P＜0.01）,且各剂量组作用强度相似,但对小鼠海马组织中乙酰胆碱酯酶活性没有显著影响;A茁42检测结果显示,多奈哌齐对各剂量组转基因小鼠的皮层和海马组织中A茁42含量无明显影响;免疫荧光法检测结果显示,多奈哌齐长期给药未能显著减少A茁42淀粉样斑块沉积;原子吸收光谱法测定结果显示,多奈哌齐对转基因小鼠大脑皮层组织镁离子、铜离子和钙离子浓度无明显影响。结论APP/PS1-AD转基因模型小鼠不能用于评价多奈哌齐类药物的药效。     

中药I号方对APP/PS1双转基因AD小鼠模型行为和精神症状的影响

目的研究中药I号方(PN-1)对APP/PS1双转基因AD小鼠模型行为和精神症状的影响。方法将5月龄的APP/PS1双转基因AD小鼠随机分为模型组(vehicle)、安理申(Aricept)治疗组(2 mg/kg)、PN-1低(0.6 g/kg)、中(1.2 g/kg)、高(2.4 g/kg)剂量组,并以同窝阴性的C57BL/6小鼠作为正常对照组(WT),每组16只,雌雄各半。给药组小鼠每天灌胃给药1次,同时模型组及正常组小鼠给予等体积的双蒸水灌胃。给药前称量小鼠初始体重、摄食量和饮水量;给药期间,每两周逐只称量体重一次,同时称量并计算摄食量和饮水量。给药3个月后(8月龄)依次进行社会互动行为检测、旷场实验、Rota-rod实验和蔗糖饮水实验来观察PN-1对APP/PS1小鼠行为和精神症状的作用。结果给药期间,相同月龄下各组小鼠间的体重、摄食和饮水均无显著性差异(P > 0.05)。社会互动行为检测发现PN-1显著减少模型小鼠异常增多的攻击、追逐和嗅闻次数(P < 0.05)。旷场实验结果显示,PN-1能够减少转基因小鼠水平和垂直方向的运动(P < 0.05)和高速运动时间(P < 0.05),同时减少其进入中心区域的探究次数(P < 0.05)并增加其修饰次数(P < 0.05)。Rota-rod实验结果发现,PN-1能够增加转基因小鼠在滚轴上停留的时间(P < 0.05)。蔗糖饮水实验结果显示,给予PN-1的转基因小鼠蔗糖偏嗜度有增高趋势,但与模型组相比并无显著性差异(P > 0.05)。结论PN-1能够改善APP/PS1双转基因小鼠的社会互动行为、减少过度增强的运动能力和探究行为,提高其耐力和平衡学习能力,并减轻其焦虑、烦躁、易激惹等精神症状。     

姜黄素对APP/PS1双转基因小鼠Aβ及Aβ寡聚体表达的影响

目的运用免疫组织化学方法和蛋白质印迹(Western-blot)方法观察淀粉样前体蛋白/早老素1(APP/PS1)双转基因小鼠治疗前后β淀粉样蛋白42(Aβ42)、β淀粉样蛋白40(Aβ40)和可溶性Aβ寡聚体(ADDLs)的变化,判断姜黄素(curcumin)对Aβ级联反应的影响。方法将3月龄的APP/PS1双转基因小鼠随机分为模型组、阳性对照组(罗格列酮组)及姜黄素大、中、小剂量组。灌胃3个月后,以免疫组织化学方法和Western blot方法检测Aβ42、Aβ40和ADDLs蛋白表达量的变化。结果免疫组织化学检测模型组小鼠海马Aβ40、Aβ42和ADDLs阳性细胞均较正常组增加,Aβ40和Aβ42相比,阳性细胞计数增加以Aβ42更加明显,各干预组小鼠海马Aβ40、Aβ42和ADDLs阳性细胞明显降低。Western blot检测模型组小鼠海马Aβ40、Aβ42和ADDLs蛋白表达比正常对照组明显增加(P<0.01);与模型组小鼠相比,虽然各干预组小鼠海马Aβ40、Aβ42和ADDLs蛋白表达均减少,罗格列酮组和姜黄素中剂量组小鼠海马Aβ40和Aβ42的蛋白表达显著减低(P<0.01);罗格列酮组小鼠海马ADDLs的蛋白表达减低显著(P<0.01),姜黄素大、中剂量组小鼠海马ADDLs的蛋白表达明显降低(P<0.05)。结论姜黄素给药3个月能显著减少APP/PS1双转基因小鼠脑内海马CA1区Aβ40、Aβ42和ADDLs的表达,对Aβ42减低更为明显。其潜在的神经保护机制是否通过下调Aβ42和ADDLs的产生,增强Aβ42和ADDLs的降解影响Aβ级联反应,有待进一步研究。     

补气开窍法对APP/PS1双转基因小鼠认知能力和β-淀粉样肽42的影响

【目的】探讨补气开窍法对APP/PS1双转基因小鼠认知能力和β-淀粉样肽42(Aβ42)的影响及其自噬机制。【方法】将56只APP/PS1双转基因小鼠随机分为4组,雌雄各半,每组14只,即模型组、人参总皂苷组(剂量为75 mg/kg)、石菖蒲挥发油组(剂量为15 mg/kg)、补气开窍方组(剂量为石菖蒲挥发油15 mg/kg+人参总皂苷75 mg/kg)。另设正常组,C57BL/6品系的正常小鼠14只,雌雄各半。各组灌胃给药,模型组和正常组用等体积的蒸馏水代替,给药30 d。末次给药结束1 h后,先将各组小鼠进行行为学检测(水迷宫实验,避暗实验和跳台实验),再麻醉各组小鼠,其中4只灌注固定后的全脑用于免疫组织化学法检测Aβ42,其余小鼠在冰上迅速取出海马用于检测Aβ42,流式细胞术检测磷酸化的哺乳动物雷帕霉素蛋白(p-m TOR)和自噬相关基因(Beclin-1)。【结果】与正常组比较,模型组水迷宫实验的潜伏期显著延长(P0.01),避暗实验和跳台实验的潜伏期显著缩短(P0.01),Aβ42含量和Beclin-1表达显著增加(P0.01),p-m TOR表达显著减少(P0.01);与模型组、人参总皂苷组、石菖蒲挥发油组比较,补气开窍方组的水迷宫实验的潜伏期显著缩短(P0.05),避暗实验和跳台实验的潜伏期显著延长(P0.05),水迷宫实验、避暗实验和跳台实验的错误次数显著减少(P0.05),Aβ42含量显著减少(P0.05),此外,与模型组比较,补气开窍方组的p-m TOR表达显著增加(P0.05),Beclin-1表达显著减少(P0.05)。【结论】人参总皂苷联合石菖蒲挥发油具有改善APP/PS1双转基因模型小鼠的认知能力,减少Aβ42表达和调节自噬作用,且优于单独使用人参总皂苷组或石菖蒲挥发油组。     

琐琐葡萄黄酮对APP/PS-1双转基因阿尔茨海默病小鼠神经炎症的保护作用

目的 研究琐琐葡萄黄酮（VTF）对APP/PS-1双转基因阿尔茨海默病（AD）小鼠神经炎症保护作用的机制。方法 选取6月龄APP/PS-1双转基因雄性小鼠75只,随机分为模型组（0.5%CMC-Na）、阳性组（多奈哌齐0.7 mg/kg体重）、VTF低剂量组（VTF 70 mg/kg体重）、VTF中剂量组（VTF 210 mg/kg体重）、VTF高剂量组（VTF 420 mg/kg体重）,每组15只;另选取6月龄同背景SPF级C57BL/6小鼠15只为对照组（0.5%CMC-Na）。灌胃8周后,免疫组织化学检测IBA1蛋白表达;Western blotting检测APP、IBA1蛋白表达;酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）检测脑组织的白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)的含量。结果 对照组、阳性组及VTF各剂量组IBA1蛋白阳性表达率较模型组低（P <0.05）;对照组、阳性组及VTF各剂量组APP、IBA1蛋白相对表达量较模型组低（P <0.05）;对照组、阳性组及VTF各剂量组IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α含量较模型组...     

二苯乙烯苷对APP/PS1双转基因小鼠海马区病理形态学及脑BACE1表达的影响

目的观察二苯乙烯苷(TSG)对APP/PS1双转基因小鼠海马区病理形态学变化和脑组织中β-淀粉样前体蛋白裂解酶-1(BACE1)表达的影响,探讨其作用的可能机制,为临床应用提供实验依据。方法 50只3月龄APP/PS1双转基因小鼠,随机分为TSG低剂量(0.033g·kg-1·d-1)组、TSG中剂量(0.1g·kg-1·d-1)组、TSG高剂量(0.3g·kg-1·d-1)组、石杉碱甲(阳性对照)组及模型组,正常对照组为10只同龄C5B7L/6J小鼠。各组给予60d相应药物后,苏木精-伊红(HE)染色法观察海马区病理形态学变化;用Western blotting法检测小鼠脑组织BACE1蛋白表达水平。结果与模型组相比,各治疗组小鼠海马区形态均有不同程度的改善;BACE1表达水平均显著降低(P<0.01)。TSG各剂量组BACE1的表达量与石杉碱甲组相比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 TSG治疗阿尔茨海默病的机制可能与降低BACE1表达水平,减少β淀粉样蛋白(Aβ)产生,改善神经元损伤等有关。     

不同条件环磷酰胺建立小鼠免疫力低下模型的比较及偏最小二乘法（PLS）数学建模分析

目的 通过比较4种不同剂量、周期的环磷酰胺建立小鼠免疫力低下模型,并采用偏最小二乘法(PLS)建模分析筛选出最优方案。 方法 雄性昆明小鼠58只随机分成5组,分别为正常组10只,每日注射生理盐水;模型1组12只,按照40 mg/kg的剂量连续注射环磷酰胺溶液10 d;模型2组12只,按照80 mg/kg的剂量连续注射环磷酰胺溶液3 d;模型3组12只按照40 mg/kg的剂量注射2次环磷酰胺溶液,每次间隔(2~3)d;模型4组12只按照50 mg/kg的剂量连续注射环磷酰胺溶液7 d。监测不同剂量和不同周期给予小鼠环磷酰胺后,模型小鼠的饮食、饮水、体重等日常代谢指标的变化;测定小鼠胸腺、脾等脏器指数以及血常规等免疫指标的变化;采用SIMCA-P软件处理小鼠的终体重、终肛温、脏器指数、血常规等指标,应用偏最小二乘法(PLS)综合评价免疫力低下小鼠模型的建立。结果 与正常组相比,模型组小鼠体重和肛温降低且差别有显著性意义(P<0.05);日平均饮食、饮水量降低且差异有显著性(P<0.01);脾指数和胸腺指数降低且差别有极显著性意义(P<0.01);模型组嗜碱细胞绝对值和嗜碱细胞百分比均降低且差异有显著性(P<0.05),模型组平均RBC血红蛋白浓度、大血小板比率均升高且有显著性差异,模型1组、模型2组、模型4组的白细胞、淋巴细胞绝对值均降低且差异有显著性(P<0.05)。PLS分析处理表明,模型1组、模型2组、模型4组与正常组比较差异都具有显著性(P<0.01),其中模型1组差异最大。结论 通过PLS分析方法综合不同指标,模型1组按照40 mg/kg的剂量连续注射10 d为最佳造模方法,为建立稳定的免疫力低下模型提供实验依据。     

六味地黄丸对阿尔茨海默病模型小鼠行为及TLR4/NF-κB信号转导途径的影响

目的探究六味地黄丸对β-淀粉样蛋白前体/早老素蛋白1(amyloid β-precursor protein/presenilin-1, APP/PS1)双转基因小鼠行为及Toll样受体4/核因子κB(Toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor kappa-B, TLR4/NF-κB)信号转导途径的影响。方法 3月龄雌性APP/PS1小鼠40只, 按照随机数字表法分为模型组、六味地黄丸低剂量组(0.59 g/kg, 2次/d, 灌胃)、中剂量组(1.18 g/kg, 2次/d, 灌胃)、高剂量组(2.36 g/kg, 2次/d, 灌胃)和布洛芬组(0.04 g/kg, 2次/d, 灌胃), 每组8只;8只体质量相匹配的3月龄野生型C57BL/6小鼠作为对照组;对照组和模型组小鼠给予等体积0.9%氯化钠溶液灌胃(2次/d);所有小鼠连续干预3个月。采用Morris水迷宫实验检测小鼠的学习记忆能力, 采用ELISA法检测小鼠血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α, TNF-α)、白介素-1β(interleukin-1β, IL-1...     

树鼩中APP基因特征描述及可变剪接体的分型鉴定

目的 区分并鉴定树鼩中APP基因mRNA的多种可变剪接体,对APP基因特征进行描述,并确定其在各组织中的表达分布。方法 参考已知人的和树鼩基因组预测的APP基因序列,设计树鼩APP基因mRNA剪切体外显子的共同特异性引物。分别从树鼩不同组织中提取总RNA,反转录为cDNA,利用高保真酶扩增目的剪切体DNA。根据PCR扩增产物电泳条带的有无和大小初步判断剪接体的型别,最后将PCR产物胶回收进行测序鉴定,对获得的基因进行特征描述,并结合定量PCR的结果确定了各剪接体在不同组织中分布情况。结果 结果表明树鼩APP剪接体的全长为3514 bp,有一个109 bp的5''-UTR,1092bp的3''-UTP。APP基因在调查的9个物种中高度同源保守,显示树鼩与灵长类存在一个较近的亲缘关系。通过三维建模获得了树鼩和人的APP基因共同拥有的4个结构域。同时确认这4种通过外显子跳跃产生的APP可变剪接体在不同组织中的分布和表达。4种检测到的剪接体APP770,APP695,APP751,APP677均表达于肺、肾和肠,表达量最高的是肺、肌肉和睾丸。结论 对树鼩APP基因可变剪接体的表达研究,有助于推动树鼩作为阿尔茨海默病模型深入研究疾病的发生机制和药物研发。     

电针对APP/PS1双转基因小鼠学习记忆能力及LC3Ⅱ、P62表达水平的影响

目的 研究电针对APP/PS1双转基因小鼠自噬相关蛋白LC3Ⅱ及受体蛋白P62相关的作用机制.方法 将7月龄APP/PS1双转基因小鼠随机分为模型组、电针治疗组,以同窝转基因阴性小鼠为正常对照组.电针治疗组予电针涌泉、百会,15 min/次,隔日1次,治疗6周,利用Morris水迷宫检测各组小鼠学习记忆能力以及用Western blot法检测小鼠海马区域LC3Ⅱ及P62蛋白的表达.结果 水迷宫结果显示,模型组与正常对照组比较,逃避潜伏时增加(P<0.01);WB结果显示,与对照组相比,模型组LC3Ⅱ表达增强,P62表达减弱(P<0.05);与模型组相比,针刺组LC3Ⅱ表达减弱,P62表达增强(P<0.05).结论 APP/PS1转基因鼠存在神经元自噬途径功能亢进,电针可能通过抑制自噬水平,从而改善学习记忆功能.     

Dopamine Agonists Exert Nurr1-inducing Effect in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of Patients with Parkinson's Disease

Background:

Nurr1 plays an essential role in the development, survival, and function maintenance of midbrain dopaminergic (DA) neurons, and it is a potential target for Parkinson''s disease (PD). Nurr1 mRNA can be detected in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), but whether there is any association of altered Nurr1 expression in PBMC with the disease and DA drug treatments remains elusive. This study aimed to measure the Nurr1 mRNA level in PBMC and evaluate the effect of Nurr1 expression by DA agents in vivo and in vitro.

Methods:

The mRNA levels of Nurr1 in PBMC of four subgroups of 362 PD patients and 193 healthy controls (HCs) using real-time polymerase chain reaction were measured. The nonparametric Mann-Whitney U-test and Kruskal-Wallis test were performed to evaluate the differences between PD and HC, as well as the subgroups of PD. Multivariate linear regression analysis was used to evaluate the independent association of Nurr1 expression with Hoehn and Yahr scale, age, and drug treatments. Besides, the Nurr1 expression in cultured PBMC was measured to determine whether DA agonist pramipexole affects its mRNA level.

Results:

The relative Nurr1 mRNA levels in DA agonists treated subgroup were significant higher than those in recent-onset cases without any anti-PD treatments (de novo) (P < 0.001) and HC groups (P < 0.010), respectively. Furthermore, the increase in Nurr1 mRNA expression was seen in DA agonist and L-dopa group. Multivariate linear regression showed DA agonists, L-dopa, and DA agonists were independent predictors correlated with Nurr1 mRNA expression level in PBMC. In vitro, in the cultured PBMC treated with 10 μmol/L pramipexole, the Nurr1 mRNA levels were significantly increased by 99.61%, 71.75%, 73.16% in 2, 4, and 8 h, respectively (P < 0.001).

Conclusions:

DA agonists can induce Nurr1 expression in PBMC, and such effect may contribute to DA agonists-mediated neuroprotection on DA neurons.     

MPTP对小鼠帕金森病造模条件探讨

目的观察不同剂量1-甲基-4-苯基-1,2,3,6-四氢吡啶(MPTP)对小鼠行为学及脑黑质酪氨酸羟化酶、纹状体多巴胺含量的影响,探讨MPTP致帕金森病(Parkinson′s disease,PD)样小鼠模型的最佳条件。方法C57BL小鼠分别给与MPTP不同剂量处理,测定各组小鼠爬竿时间检测动物运动协调性,应用免疫组化方法和高效液相法观察不同模型组多巴胺能神经元的变化。结果模型组各组均出现不同程度爬竿时间延长,酪氨酸羟化酶阳性细胞数减少和多巴胺含量减少。结论MPTP处理可造成小鼠的帕金森病样症状,在此种动物模型中,应根据科研目的选择MPTP的应用剂量和给药途径。     

Ginsenoside Rb1 Ameliorates Autophagy of Hypoxia Cardiomyocytes from Neonatal Rats via AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Pathway

Objective: To investigate whether ginsenoside-Rb1(Gs-Rb1) improves the CoCl2-induced autophagy of cardiomyocytes via upregulation of adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase(AMPK) pathway. Methods: Ventricles from 1-to 3-day-old Wistar rats were sequentially digested, separated and incubated in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum for 3 days followed by synchronization. Neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were randomly divided into 7 groups: control group(normal level oxygen), hypoxia group(500 μmol/L CoCl_2), Gs-Rb1 group(200 μmol/L Gs-Rb1 + 500 μmol/L CoCl_2), Ara A group(500 μmol/L Ara A + 500 μmol/L CoCl_2), Ara A+ Gs-Rb1 group(500 μmol/L Ara A + 200 μmol/L Gs-Rb1 + 500 μmol/L CoCl_2), AICAR group [1 mmol/L 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide(AICAR) + 500 μmol/L CoCl_2], and AICAR+Gs-Rb1 group(1 mmol/L AICAR + 200 μmol/L Gs-Rb1 + 500 μmol/L CoCl_2). Cel s were treated for 12 h and cell viability was determined by methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide(MTT) assay and cardiac troponin I(cTnI) levels were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). AMPK activity was assessed by 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate(DCFH-DA) ELISA assay. The protein expressions of Atg4 B, Atg5, Atg6, Atg7, microtubule-associated protein 1 A/1 B-light chain 3(LC3), P62, and active-cathepsin B were measured by Western blot. Results: Gs-Rb1 significantly improved the cell viability of hypoxia cardiomyocytes(P0.01). However, the viability of hypoxia-treated cardiomyocytes was significantly inhibited by Ara A(P0.01). Gs-Rb1 increased the AMPK activity of hypoxia-treated cardiomyocytes. The AMPK activity of hypoxia-treated cadiomyocytes was inhibited by Ara A(P0.01) and was not affected by AICAR(P=0.983). Gs-Rb1 up-regulated Atg4B, Atg5, Beclin-1, Atg7, LC3B Ⅱ, the LC3BⅡ/Ⅰ ratio and cathepsin B activity of hypoxia cardiomyocytes(P0.05), each of these protein levels was significantly enhanced by Ara A(all P0.01), but was not affected by AICAR(all P0.05). Gs-Rb1 significantly down-regulated P62 levels of hypoxic cardiomyocytes(P0.05). The P62 levels of hypoxic cardiomyocytes were inhibited by Ara A(P0.05) and were not affected by AICAR(P=0.871). Conclusion: Gs-Rb1 may improve the viability of hypoxia cardiomyocytes by ameliorating cell autophagy via the upregulation of AMPK pathway.     

中医药调控“APP代谢途径”治疗阿尔茨海默病的研究进展

淀粉样前体蛋白（APP）代谢异常导致β淀粉样蛋白（β-amyloid peptide Aβ）沉积，此过程与阿尔茨海默病（AD）的发生、发展密切相关。寻找调控APP代谢途径治疗AD的潜在药物是目前该领域的研究热点之一。对近年来中医药调节"APP代谢途径"中不同靶点的研究进展进行综述，探寻中医药治疗AD的作用机制，为防治AD提供新思路及实验依据。     

MPTP帕金森病动物模型研究进展

用神经毒素1-甲基-4-苯基-1,2,3,6-四氢吡啶(MPTP)制备的动物模型,无论在神经生化和病理组织学特征,还是在运动行为表现方面都酷似人帕金森病(PD),是目前研究PD的理想模型。对MPTP动物模型发病机制等方面的深入研究将有助于PD的防治。     

氯胺酮对幼龄大鼠大脑淀粉样前体蛋白mRNA表达的影响

目的:观察腹腔注射氯胺酮对幼龄大鼠大脑淀粉样前体蛋白(amyloid precursor protein,APP)mRNA表达的影响。方法:健康幼龄雄性SD大鼠36只随机分为6组:对照1组(C1组)、对照2组(C2组)、氯胺酮低剂量4d组(K1组)、氯胺酮低剂量21d组(K2组)、氯胺酮高剂量4d组(K3组)、氯胺酮高剂量21d组(K4组),每组6只。K1、K2组腹腔注射氯胺酮20mg/kg,K3、K4组腹腔注射氯胺酮80mg/kg,随后各组每隔15min追加1/2首剂量,共追加3次。对照组给予生理盐水,C1、K1、K3组于给药后第1～4d行Morris水迷宫实验,C2、K2、K4组于给药后第1～4d、第18～21d行Morris水迷宫实验,各组均于末次水迷宫实验结束后1h断头取脑,应用逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)测APP mRNA的表达水平。结果:与C1、C2组相比K1～K4组第1～4d逃避潜伏期显著延长(P<0.05),第18～21dK2、K4组与C2组相比无差异性。各组APP mRNA表达水平无显著差异。结论:腹腔注射氯胺酮可导致幼龄大鼠早期学习记忆功能障碍,而对APP mRNA的表达没有影响。     

Effect of Tiantai No.1(天泰1号)on Gene Expression Profiles in Hippocampus of Alzheimer's Disease Rats by Bioinformatic Analysis

Objective:To study the effect of Tiantai No.1(天泰1号) on gene expression profile in hippocampus of Alzheimer's disease(AD) rat,molecular genetic target points of the effect of this drug were defined,its molecular genetic pharmacodynamic mechanism of anti-AD was further explored at molecular gene level,and a scientific basis was provided for its clinical availability and promotion.Methods:Thirty male SpragueDawley rats were divided into three groups with 10 rats per group:sham-operation group,model group and Tiantai No.1 group.Sterile surgical procedure was applied,the model group with bilateral hippocampal injection of Aβ_(1-40) was established,and normal saline was used instead of Aβ_(1-40)in the sham-operation group.One week after the models was made,rats were administered by gastric lavage once every day for three consecutive weeks.The rats of the sham-operation group and the model group were daily fed with purified water by lavage;the rats of the Tiantai No.1 group treated group were administered with Tiantai No.1 by lavage.Total RNAs of hippocampus tissues were extracted with Trizol,the changes of hippocampus gene expression profiles in the above three groups were analyzed by using Affymetrix rat whole genome expression profile microarray.Results:Microarray analysis showed that,compared with the sham-operation group,the hippocampus of the model group had 50 up-regulated genes with significant difference(fold change 2),and 21 down-regulated genes with significant difference(fold change 0.5);compared with the hippocampus of the model group,the hippocampus of the Tiantai No.1 group was found to have 5 up-regulated genes with significant difference(fold change 2) and 20down-regulated genes with significant difference(fold change 0.5).The functions of differentially expressed genes of the groups were involved in nervous system's development,neuronic differentiation and function-regulation,cellular growth and differentiation and apoptosis,synaptic occurrence and plasticity,inflammation and immune response,ion channels/transporters,cellular signal transduction,cellular material/energy metabolism and so on.Conclusion:Tiantai No.1 can regulate hippocampal function,and further regulate the brain function of animals in multiple gene target points by a number of ways.