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1.
目的 了解吉林省居民中心性肥胖及其前期的流行特征的影响因素,为制定相关预防与控制策略及措施提供参考依据。方法 本研究以2017-2018年吉林省心血管病高危人群早期筛查与综合干预项目为基础,纳入吉林省6个项目点35~75岁常住居民11 903人为研究对象,进行体格检查、实验室检测和问卷调查。采用χ2检验、趋势χ2检验、F检验计算不同特征人群和健康指标的中心性肥胖及其前期情况,其影响因素采用多因素logistic回归模型分析。结果 吉林省居民中心性肥胖率为33.35%(3 970/11 903),标化率为31.73%,中心性肥胖前期率为28.79%(3 427/11 903),标化率为28.86%。多因素分析结果显示,农村居民(OR=1.99,95%CI:1.78~2.23)、女性(OR=1.76,95%CI:1.57~1.97)、65~75岁组(OR=1.21,95%CI:1.03~1.45)、高中/中专文化程度(OR=1.38,95%CI:1.17~1.63)、家庭年收入>10万元(OR=1.65,95%CI:1.20~2.26)、超重(OR=9.27,95%CI:8.26~10.41)、肥胖(OR=82.82,95%CI:62.63~109.52)、正常高值血压(OR=1.49,95%CI:1.27~1.74)、高血压(OR=1.70,95%CI:1.42~2.04)、糖尿病(OR=2.30,95%CI:1.94~2.73)、血脂异常(OR=1.33,95%CI:1.18~1.50)与中心性肥胖及其前期发生风险呈正相关。结论 吉林省居民中心性肥胖及其前期率均处于较高水平,农村居民、女性、年龄大、高中/中专文化程度、高收入、超重、肥胖、正常高值血压、高血压、糖尿病、血脂异常是吉林省居民中心性肥胖及其前期的危险因素。  相似文献   

2.
中国成年人糖尿病前期发病状况及其影响因素研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
目的 了解我国成年人糖尿病前期的发病状况及其影响因素。方法 基于2010年中国慢性病及其危险因素监测调查数据,从中抽取10省份,再从每省份中选择2个监测点作为随访点,于2016-2017年进行随访调查。采用非条件logistic回归模型分析糖尿病前期的影响因素。结果 本研究纳入5 578人,随访期间糖耐量受损(IGT)发生612人(男性268人,女性344人),总计随访37 364.82人年,IGT发病率为16.4/1 000人年;空腹血糖受损(IFG)发生290人(男性128人,女性162人),总计随访39 731.31人年,IFG发病率为7.3/1 000人年。多因素非条件logistic回归模型纳入年龄、城乡、糖尿病家族史、BMI、中心性肥胖、血脂异常、高血压以及身体活动水平,结果显示,年龄≥50岁(OR=1.60,95%CI: 1.32~1.95)、城市居民(OR=1.41,95%CI: 1.16~1.71)、肥胖(OR=1.56,95%CI: 1.12~2.19)、血脂异常(OR=1.52,95%CI: 1.25~1.83)、高血压(OR=1.32,95%CI: 1.07~1.61)以及身体活动不足(OR=1.25,95%CI: 1.04~1.50)是IGT发病的危险因素;年龄≥50岁(OR=1.31,95%CI: 1.01~1.70)、糖尿病家族史(OR=1.71,95%CI: 1.13~2.60)、超重(OR=1.41,95%CI: 1.04~1.92)、肥胖(OR=2.09,95%CI: 1.38~3.17)以及高血压(OR=1.53,95%CI: 1.18~2.00)是IFG发病的危险因素。结论 相比IFG,IGT发病率较高。年龄≥50岁者、超重/肥胖人群、高血压患者、血脂异常者、身体活动不足者以及有糖尿病家族史者易发生糖尿病前期。  相似文献   

3.
目的 分析1991-2015年中国9省份18~64岁成年男性居民吸烟状况与肥胖患病风险的关系。方法 利用"中国健康与营养调查"1991-2015年9轮调查资料,选取参加两轮及以上、有完整人口统计学特征、吸烟状况和体格测量数据的18~64岁成年男性居民作为研究对象,共计32 169名。依据研究对象是否吸烟以及吸烟者每日吸烟数量将研究对象分为不吸烟、轻度吸烟(1~14支/d)、中度吸烟(15~24支/d)和重度吸烟(≥ 25支/d)组。观察不同吸烟程度下研究对象的BMI、腰围、全身性肥胖和中心性肥胖的分布情况,利用两水平混合效应线性回归模型和logistic回归模型分析男性吸烟状况与肥胖患病风险的关系。结果 不同吸烟程度下调查对象的BMI、腰围、全身性肥胖和中心性肥胖的患病率呈现逐年上升的趋势。在校正混杂因素后,轻、中和重度吸烟者BMI分别比不吸烟人群减少了0.19 kg/m2(95%CI:-0.27~-0.10)、0.40 kg/m2(95%CI:-0.49~-0.31)和0.36 kg/m2(95%CI:-0.53~-0.19);腰围分别减少了0.49 cm (95%CI:-0.76~-0.21)、0.80 cm (95%CI:-1.08~-0.51)和0.79 cm (95%CI:-1.38~-0.36)。男性轻、中和重度吸烟者患全身性肥胖的风险分别是不吸烟者的0.70倍(OR=0.70,95%CI:0.62~0.79)、0.61倍(OR=0.61,95%CI:0.55~0.69)和0.78倍(OR=0.78,95%CI:0.65~0.96);患中心性肥胖的风险分别是不吸烟者的0.78倍(OR=0.78,95%CI:0.73~0.84)、0.74倍(OR=0.74,95%CI:0.70~0.79)和0.84倍(OR=0.84,95%CI:0.76~0.95)。结论 1991-2015年间,男性不吸烟与吸烟(轻、中和重度)居民的BMI、腰围和肥胖患病率均呈现显著上升趋势。成年男性居民吸烟与肥胖患病风险呈显著性负向关联。  相似文献   

4.
目的 探讨BMI和腰围对成年人糖尿病发病的影响。方法 使用"中国慢性病前瞻性研究"(CKB)浙江省桐乡市数据,剔除基线时自报患有恶性肿瘤、心脏病、脑卒中和糖尿病患者后,纳入分析30~79岁53 916人。采用Cox比例风险模型计算糖尿病发病风险比(HR)。结果 调查对象累计随访391 512人年(平均随访7.26年)。随访期间,男性944人和女性1 643人被新诊断为糖尿病。多因素调整后,与BMI正常组的人群相比,男性超重和肥胖组糖尿病发病的HR值(95%CI)分别为2.72(95%CI:2.47~2.99)和6.27(95%CI:5.33~7.36)。女性超重和肥胖组HR值(95%CI)分别为2.19(95%CI:2.04~2.36)和3.78(95%CI:3.36~4.26);与腰围正常组的人群相比,男性Ⅰ级(85.0~89.9)和Ⅱ级中心性肥胖(≥ 90.0)组糖尿病发病的HR值(95%CI)分别为2.56(2.22~2.95)和4.66(4.14~5.24)。女性Ⅰ级(80.0~84.9)和Ⅱ级中心性肥胖(≥ 85.0)组HR值(95%CI)分别为1.99(1.80~2.21)和3.16(2.90~3.44)。结论 超重/肥胖以及中心性肥胖人群糖尿病发病风险均会升高。在开展控制体重预防糖尿病的同时,更应控制腰围。  相似文献   

5.
目的 了解2013年我国≥ 18岁超重/肥胖人群体重测量情况及其影响因素。方法 2013年在中国慢性病及其危险因素监测的302个监测点,采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法调查≥ 18岁常住居民共计177 099名,选取87 670名超重/肥胖者作为研究对象。问卷调查获取人口学特征、体重测量情况、主要慢性病患病情况等信息;通过身体测量获取个体的身高、体重、腰围和血压;采集调查对象空腹静脉血,检测FPG、TC、TG、LDL-C和HDL-C,采集服75 g无水葡萄糖后静脉血检测服糖后2 h血糖。经复杂加权后分析超重/肥胖者体重测量情况及其影响因素。结果 我国超重/肥胖成年人在1周内、1个月内、1年内测量过体重的比例分别为18.9%、23.0%和30.2%。1周内的体重测量率男性高于女性,60~岁组最低(P<0.05)。超重/肥胖成年人从未测量过体重的比例为20.5%,女性高于男性,60~岁组最高(P<0.05)。较高年龄(60~岁组OR=0.73,95%CI:0.64~0.82)是体重测量的危险因素;女性(OR=1.11,95%CI:1.03~1.19)、较高文化程度(大专及以上OR=3.79,95%CI:2.89~4.97)、较高家庭年收入(2.1~万元OR=1.61,95%CI:1.31~1.98)、糖尿病(OR=1.15,95%CI:1.03~1.30)、血脂异常(OR=1.13,95%CI:1.04~1.23)是体重测量的保护因素。结论 我国超重/肥胖成年人自主体重测量行为有待提高,应对不同特征人群开展针对性健康教育,促进重点人群规律监测体重、维持健康体重。  相似文献   

6.
目的 分析家庭相关因素与6~17岁儿童青少年超重肥胖的关系。方法 利用"2010-2012年中国居民营养与健康状况监测"数据筛选6~17岁儿童青少年作为研究对象,对其父母体重、文化程度、家庭年人均收入等家庭相关因素进行匹配后获得6 343名研究样本,通过单因素和多因素logistic逐步回归法分析家庭相关因素与儿童青少年超重肥胖的关系。结果 在调整年龄、性别、城乡因素后,多因素logistic回归模型分析结果显示,父母BMI越高(母亲:OR=1.83,95%CI:1.63~2.05;父亲:OR=1.74,95%CI:1.57~1.94)、家庭年人均收入越高(OR=1.30,95%CI:1.15~1.46)、母亲的文化水平越高(OR=1.24,95%CI:1.12~1.37),儿童青少年的超重肥胖率越高。结论 父母超重肥胖、母亲文化水平高、家庭年人均收入高等相关因素与中国儿童青少年超重肥胖呈正相关。  相似文献   

7.
目的 了解2015年我国≥ 35岁高血压患者的社区健康管理及高血压治疗控制情况并探索其影响因素。方法 利用2015年中国成人慢性病与营养监测项目收集的问卷调查及体格测量等信息,以乡镇卫生院(社区卫生服务中心)或以上级别医疗卫生机构医生诊断为高血压的≥ 35岁的患者为研究对象,对样本进行复杂加权后,分析其一般特征、高血压社区健康管理情况及高血压治疗控制情况。结果 共纳入高血压患者23 974名,经复杂加权后,我国≥ 35岁高血压患者的社区健康管理率为54.10%(95%CI:51.02%~57.17%),社区规范管理率为45.72%(95%CI:42.93%~48.51%);高血压治疗率为88.16%(95%CI:87.00%~89.31%),控制率为22.67%(95%CI:21.25%~24.09%),治疗控制率为27.76%(95%CI:26.09%~29.42%)。多因素分析结果显示,城市和农村年龄≥ 65岁(OR=1.40,95%CI:1.05~1.87;OR=3.11,95%CI:2.22~4.36)、按医嘱服药(OR=2.15,95%CI:1.46~3.15;OR=1.35,95%CI:1.13~1.62)、进行血压监测(OR=2.34,95%CI:1.88~2.90;OR=3.10,95%CI:2.72~3.53)的高血压患者更愿意接受高血压社区健康管理;文化程度大专及以上(OR=0.51,95%CI:0.39~0.66)、适量饮酒(OR=0.69,95%CI:0.57~0.84)或过量饮酒(OR=0.73,95%CI:0.58~0.92)的城市高血压患者接受社区高血压管理的情况不佳。城市和农村超重(OR=0.74,95%CI:0.61~0.91;OR=0.83,95%CI:0.71~0.98)、肥胖(OR=0.54,95%CI:0.45~0.65;OR=0.67,95%CI:0.54~0.83)的高血压患者血压控制情况较差,按医嘱服药(OR=4.58,95%CI:3.16~6.63;OR=2.84,95%CI:2.18~3.69)的高血压患者的血压控制状况较好。地处中部(OR=0.74,95%CI:0.61~0.89)、过量饮酒(OR=0.72,95%CI:0.54~0.97)的城市高血压患者血压控制情况较差,合并其他慢性疾病(OR=1.22,95%CI:1.04~1.44)、参加高血压社区规范管理(OR=1.29,95%CI:1.06~1.58)的城市高血压患者血压控制情况较好;地处中、西部地区(OR=0.71,95%CI:0.58~0.87;OR=0.62,95%CI:0.47~0.80)、适量饮酒(OR=0.81,95%CI:0.67~0.98)、人均每日食盐摄入量>6 g (OR=0.80,95%CI:0.69~0.93)的农村高血压患者血压控制情况较差,进行血压监测(OR=1.38,95%CI:1.18~1.61)的农村高血压患者血压控制情况较好。结论 我国≥ 35岁高血压患者社区健康管理情况较之前有所改善,但是高血压控制情况距离相关政策指标还有一定差距。  相似文献   

8.
目的 了解天津市中老年社区居民性活跃现状及其相关因素。方法 2020年6月至2022年12月,通过多阶段抽样方法,对天津市≥50岁中老年社区居民开展横断面调查。样本量估计数为735名。通过调查员面对面收集问卷,包括社会人口学特征、健康特征以及性生活方式有关特征等相关信息。采用多因素logistic回归模型分析性活跃状态的相关因素。结果 共纳入776名研究对象(男性和女性分别为510名和266名),年龄以50~59岁(45.9%)为主。总体性活跃率为45.6%。年龄更大(60~69岁:aOR=0.67,95%CI:0.45~0.99;≥70岁:aOR=0.12,95%CI:0.07~0.21)、男性(aOR=1.93,95%CI:1.32~2.82)、城镇居民(aOR=0.18,95%CI:0.12~0.28)、同居/已婚(aOR=2.80,95%CI:1.41~5.58)、独居(aOR=0.51,95%CI:0.27~0.96)、爬楼或行走困难(aOR=0.55,95%CI:0.31~0.97)、现患慢性病(1种:aOR=0.55,95%CI:0.36~0.85;≥2种:aOR=0.53,95%CI:0.33~0.84)与性活跃状态有关。结论 相当比例的中老年社区居民仍然保持性活跃。身体健康状况与中老年社区居民的性活跃状态存在关联。应将性健康服务纳入中老年社区居民卫生保健服务范围,加强社区卫生服务人员的性健康相关服务意识和技能。  相似文献   

9.
目的 了解山东省MSM的HIV暴露前后预防(PrEP/PEP)用药情况并分析相关因素,为PrEP/PEP工作的推广提供参考依据。方法 2022年4-7月在山东省7个城市监测哨点招募MSM进行问卷调查,每个城市样本量为400人。收集MSM社会人口学、性行为、PrEP/PEP用药等信息,并采集血标本做HIV和梅毒抗体检测。结果 研究对象MSM共2 815人,以≤30岁(55.7%,1 569/2 815)、未婚(68.6%,1 931/2 815)、大专及以上文化程度(56.5%,1 590/2 815)为主。PrEP用药者占9.2%(258/2 815);PEP用药者占10.8%(305/2 815)。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,MSM中PrEP用药的可能性较高的相关因素包括年龄≤30岁(aOR=4.04,95%CI:1.25~13.01)、自我认知HIV感染风险较低(aOR=1.76,95%CI:1.16~2.68)、最近6个月发生群交行为(aOR=1.51,95%CI:1.10~2.09)、最近6个月发生同性商业性行为(aOR=1.69,95%CI:1.16~2.47)、使用新型毒品(aOR=1.53,95%CI:1.11~2.11)、接受同伴教育(aOR=1.56,95%CI:1.03~2.37)、知晓别人PrEP用药(aOR=3.29,95%CI:2.48~4.36)、HIV抗体阴性(aOR=8.40,95%CI:1.12~63.12);MSM中PrEP用药的可能性较低的相关因素为主要性伴为临时性伴(aOR=0.67,95%CI:0.49~0.90)。MSM中PEP用药的可能性较高的相关因素包括年龄<50岁(≤30岁:aOR=2.41,95%CI:1.02~5.69;31~49岁:aOR=3.33,95%CI:1.42~7.85)、自我认知无HIV感染风险(aOR=1.87,95%CI:1.12~3.11)、最近6个月发生群交行为(aOR=1.68,95%CI:1.23~2.29)、使用新型毒品(aOR=3.86,95%CI:2.94~5.07)以及未接受同伴教育(aOR=1.54,95%CI:1.12~2.12)。结论 山东省MSM的PrEP/PEP用药比例较高。应加强同伴教育和自我认知HIV风险教育,提高MSM中PrEP/PEP用药的使用率。  相似文献   

10.
成年人睡眠状况与糖尿病患病关系的研究   总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
目的 探讨成年人睡眠状况与糖尿病患病关系。方法 利用“中国慢性病前瞻性研究”苏州市项目点53 260名30~79岁常住居民基线调查数据,通过多因素logistic回归模型分析睡眠状况与糖尿病患病关系。结果 调查人群糖尿病患病率为5.3%,入睡困难、容易早醒和经常打鼾的比例分别为7.2%、10.0%和29.5%,22.6%的调查对象报告睡眠时间≤6 h。经多因素模型调整后,入睡困难(男性:OR=1.63,95%CI:1.30~2.05;女性:OR=1.48,95%CI:1.27~1.73)、容易早醒(男性:OR=1.37,95%CI:1.12~1.68;女性:OR=1.31,95%CI:1.14~1.51)和经常打鼾(男性:OR=1.16,95%CI:1.00~1.34;女性:OR=1.39,95%CI:1.23~1.57)均与糖尿病罹患风险存在关联。女性服用助眠药物与糖尿病的患病相关(OR=1.42,95%CI:1.06~1.92)。与睡眠时间8 h相比,睡眠时间不足(≤6 h)与男女性糖尿病患病均存在统计学关联,OR值分别为1.37(95%CI:1.17~1.60)和1.24(95%CI:1.08~1.41),睡眠时间过长(≥9 h)与糖尿病未见统计学关联。结论 睡眠问题(入睡困难、容易早醒、药物助眠、经常打鼾和睡眠时间不足)与糖尿病患病风险密切相关,睡眠时间过长与糖尿病患病未见统计学关联。  相似文献   

11.
Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.  相似文献   

12.
This paper examines media coverage of 'breast cancer genetics', and explores its implications for public understanding. We present a content analysis of coverage in British newspapers and look at a variety of popular forms, including women's magazines, television soap opera and radio drama. Genetic/inherited risk receives a great deal of coverage across a wide range of media formats and outlets. Much of this attention has focused on individuals from 'high risk families' and dilemmas around prophylactic mastectomies. Through examining media coverage, combined with interviews with media personnel and their sources, we show why this story proved so attractive to the media and highlight the different production values which influence coverage. Finally, we introduce preliminary findings from focus group discussions to demonstrate how such 'human interest' framing has engaged audience attention and influenced public understandings. The paper concludes by highlighting the implications for analysing, predicting, and engaging with, media representations of science.  相似文献   

13.
Worker education in the primary prevention of occupational dermatoses   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
This paper reports the evaluation of a skin care education programmeconducted on a fine chemicals manufacturing site where over1,000 employees are located. Approximately 60% are involvedin chemical manufacture. Over a 12 month period production staffreceived training in prevention of occupational dermatoses linkedto a site-wide poster initiative. The incidence of new casesof occupational dermatoses fell from 0.055 (70 cases in 1,277employees) to 0.021 (27 cases in 1,277 employees) before andafter the intervention respectively (p<0.0001). After otherfactors such as chemicals handled, observer bias and changesin reporting related to socioeconomic climate were taken intoaccount it is concluded that this study demonstrates the importanceof worker education as a tool for primary prevention of disease.Training materials such as video and poster presentations maybe effectively used in the chemical manufacturing industry asan adjunct to prevention and control of exposure to substanceshazardous to the skin. Such methods may also be used in otherindustries where there are significant risks of dermatoses.  相似文献   

14.
To understand geographic variation in travel-related illness acquired in distinct African regions, we used the GeoSentinel Surveillance Network database to analyze records for 16,893 ill travelers returning from Africa over a 14-year period. Travelers to northern Africa most commonly reported gastrointestinal illnesses and dog bites. Febrile illnesses were more common in travelers returning from sub-Saharan countries. Eleven travelers died, 9 of malaria; these deaths occurred mainly among male business travelers to sub-Saharan Africa. The profile of illness varied substantially by region: malaria predominated in travelers returning from Central and Western Africa; schistosomiasis, strongyloidiasis, and dengue from Eastern and Western Africa; and loaisis from Central Africa. There were few reports of vaccine-preventable infections, HIV infection, and tuberculosis. Geographic profiling of illness acquired during travel to Africa guides targeted pretravel advice, expedites diagnosis in ill returning travelers, and may influence destination choices in tourism.  相似文献   

15.
Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).  相似文献   

16.

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.  相似文献   

17.
18.
深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.  相似文献   

19.
Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO2) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO2. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO2 at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO2 gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO2 also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO2.  相似文献   

20.
Two hazard risk assessment matrices for the ranking of occupational health risks are described. The qualitative matrix uses qualitative measures of probability and consequence to determine risk assessment codes for hazard-disease combinations. A walk-through survey of an underground metalliferous mine and concentrator is used to demonstrate how the qualitative matrix can be applied to determine priorities for the control of occupational health hazards. The semi-quantitative matrix uses attributable risk as a quantitative measure of probability and uses qualitative measures of consequence. A practical application of this matrix is the determination of occupational health priorities using existing epidemiological studies. Calculated attributable risks from epidemiological studies of hazard-disease combinations in mining and minerals processing are used as examples. These historic response data do not reflect the risks associated with current exposures. A method using current exposure data, known exposure-response relationships and the semi-quantitative matrix is proposed for more accurate and current risk rankings.  相似文献   

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